feat: add forward+ rendering

.gitignore

@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ lightkeeper/assets_runtime
 .idea/**
 
 build/**
+
+# Claude Code
+CLAUDE.md

.gitmodules

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 [submodule "destrum/third_party/imgui"]
 	path = destrum/third_party/imgui
 	url = https://github.com/ocornut/imgui.git
+	branch = docking
 [submodule "destrum/third_party/jolt"]
 	path = destrum/third_party/jolt
 	url = https://github.com/jrouwe/JoltPhysics.git

Readme.md

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ cmake --install build --config Release
 
 ## Demo app
 
-`lightkeeper` is the current game application. It launches **Star Catcher**, a small playable loop built from the engine's scene and rendering systems. Move the blue catcher with `A`/`D` or the arrow keys, catch orange stars, and press `R` to restart after three misses. Press `Escape` to quit.
+`lightkeeper` is the current demo application. It creates an SDL window, initializes the Destrum app, loads assets, sets up a scene, renders meshes, skyboxes, and a skinned animated character.
 
 ## Development notes
 

destrum/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ set(SRC_FILES
         "src/Event.cpp"
 
         "src/Components/Animator.cpp"
+        "src/Components/LightComponent.cpp"
         "src/Components/MeshRendererComponent.cpp"
         "src/Components/Rotator.cpp"
         "src/Components/Spinner.cpp"
@@ -37,13 +38,18 @@ set(SRC_FILES
         "src/Graphics/Managers/MemoryManager.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Managers/FrameManager.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Managers/ImageManager.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.cpp"
 
         "src/Graphics/Resources/GPUImage.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Resources/NBuffer.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Resources/Cubemap.cpp"
 
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/SkinningPipeline.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/ImguiPass.cpp"
 

destrum/assets_src/shaders/light_culling.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#version 460
+
+#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive : require
+#extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
+#extension GL_EXT_scalar_block_layout : require
+
+#include "bindless.glsl"
+#include "scene_data.glsl"
+
+// Forward+ light culling.
+// One workgroup per LIGHT_TILE_SIZE x LIGHT_TILE_SIZE screen tile:
+//   1. find the min/max depth of the tile from the depth pre-pass
+//   2. build the tile frustum in view space
+//   3. test every light against it and write the visible ones to the tile's light list
+
+layout (push_constant, scalar) uniform constants
+{
+    SceneDataBuffer sceneData;
+    uvec2 screenSize;
+    uint depthTexID;
+    uint padding;
+} pcs;
+
+layout (local_size_x = LIGHT_TILE_SIZE, local_size_y = LIGHT_TILE_SIZE, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+#define THREADS_PER_TILE (LIGHT_TILE_SIZE * LIGHT_TILE_SIZE)
+
+shared uint tileMinDepth;
+shared uint tileMaxDepth;
+shared uint tileLightCount;
+
+// left, right, bottom, top side planes (view space, through the camera origin)
+shared vec4 tilePlanes[4];
+// view space distances along -Z
+shared float tileNearDistance;
+shared float tileFarDistance;
+
+vec3 unprojectToView(vec2 ndc, float depth)
+{
+    vec4 p = pcs.sceneData.invProj * vec4(ndc, depth, 1.0);
+    return p.xyz / p.w;
+}
+
+// Plane through the camera origin and two points, normal facing towards `inside`
+vec4 makeSidePlane(vec3 a, vec3 b, vec3 inside)
+{
+    vec3 n = normalize(cross(a, b));
+    if (dot(n, inside) < 0.0) {
+        n = -n;
+    }
+    return vec4(n, 0.0);
+}
+
+bool sphereInsideTile(vec3 center, float radius)
+{
+    float distance = -center.z;
+    if (distance + radius < tileNearDistance || distance - radius > tileFarDistance) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        if (dot(tilePlanes[i].xyz, center) + tilePlanes[i].w < -radius) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint localIndex = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+    uvec2 tileID = gl_WorkGroupID.xy;
+    uint tileIndex = tileID.y * pcs.sceneData.tileCountX + tileID.x;
+    uint tileOffset = tileIndex * LIGHT_TILE_STRIDE;
+
+    if (localIndex == 0) {
+        tileMinDepth = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        tileMaxDepth = 0u;
+        tileLightCount = 0u;
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    // 1. min / max depth
+    uvec2 pixel = gl_GlobalInvocationID.xy;
+    if (all(lessThan(pixel, pcs.screenSize))) {
+        float depth = texelFetch(
+            sampler2D(textures[pcs.depthTexID], samplers[NEAREST_SAMPLER_ID]),
+            ivec2(pixel),
+            0).r;
+
+        // depth == 1.0 is the cleared far plane (sky), nothing there receives light.
+        // Depth is always positive, so its bits can be compared as uints.
+        if (depth < 1.0) {
+            uint depthBits = floatBitsToUint(depth);
+            atomicMin(tileMinDepth, depthBits);
+            atomicMax(tileMaxDepth, depthBits);
+        }
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    // 2. tile frustum
+    bool tileHasGeometry = tileMinDepth != 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+
+    if (localIndex == 0 && tileHasGeometry) {
+        vec2 screenSize = vec2(pcs.screenSize);
+        vec2 ndcMin = vec2(tileID * LIGHT_TILE_SIZE) / screenSize * 2.0 - 1.0;
+        vec2 ndcMax = vec2((tileID + 1) * LIGHT_TILE_SIZE) / screenSize * 2.0 - 1.0;
+        vec2 ndcCenter = (ndcMin + ndcMax) * 0.5;
+
+        vec3 corner00 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMin.x, ndcMin.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 corner10 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMax.x, ndcMin.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 corner11 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMax.x, ndcMax.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 corner01 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMin.x, ndcMax.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 center = unprojectToView(ndcCenter, 1.0);
+
+        tilePlanes[0] = makeSidePlane(corner01, corner00, center);
+        tilePlanes[1] = makeSidePlane(corner10, corner11, center);
+        tilePlanes[2] = makeSidePlane(corner00, corner10, center);
+        tilePlanes[3] = makeSidePlane(corner11, corner01, center);
+
+        tileNearDistance = -unprojectToView(ndcCenter, uintBitsToFloat(tileMinDepth)).z;
+        tileFarDistance = -unprojectToView(ndcCenter, uintBitsToFloat(tileMaxDepth)).z;
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    // 3. cull lights, every thread takes a slice of the light list
+    if (tileHasGeometry) {
+        for (uint i = localIndex; i < pcs.sceneData.numLights; i += THREADS_PER_TILE) {
+            Light light = pcs.sceneData.lights.data[i];
+
+            bool visible = light.type == TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT;
+            if (!visible) {
+                vec3 viewPos = (pcs.sceneData.view * vec4(light.position, 1.0)).xyz;
+                visible = sphereInsideTile(viewPos, light.range);
+            }
+
+            if (visible) {
+                uint slot = atomicAdd(tileLightCount, 1u);
+                if (slot < MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE) {
+                    pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset + 1 + slot] = i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    if (localIndex == 0) {
+        pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset] = min(tileLightCount, uint(MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE));
+    }
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/lighting.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTING_GLSL
+#define LIGHTING_GLSL
+
+#include "lights.glsl"
+
+#define PI 3.14159265359
+
+// GGX / Trowbridge-Reitz normal distribution
+float distributionGGX(float NoH, float roughness)
+{
+    float a = roughness * roughness;
+    float a2 = a * a;
+    float d = NoH * NoH * (a2 - 1.0) + 1.0;
+    return a2 / (PI * d * d);
+}
+
+// Smith-Schlick GGX, k remapped for direct lighting
+float geometrySmithGGX(float NoV, float NoL, float roughness)
+{
+    float r = roughness + 1.0;
+    float k = (r * r) / 8.0;
+    float ggxV = NoV / (NoV * (1.0 - k) + k);
+    float ggxL = NoL / (NoL * (1.0 - k) + k);
+    return ggxV * ggxL;
+}
+
+vec3 fresnelSchlick(float VoH, vec3 f0)
+{
+    return f0 + (1.0 - f0) * pow(1.0 - VoH, 5.0);
+}
+
+// Inverse square falloff, windowed so it reaches exactly 0 at the light range.
+// The range is also the sphere the light culling uses, so no light gets cut off at a tile edge.
+float calculateDistanceAttenuation(float distance, float range)
+{
+    float window = clamp(1.0 - pow(distance / range, 4.0), 0.0, 1.0);
+    return (window * window) / max(distance * distance, 0.0001);
+}
+
+float calculateSpotAttenuation(Light light, vec3 l)
+{
+    float cd = dot(normalize(light.direction), -l);
+    return smoothstep(light.spotOuterCos, light.spotInnerCos, cd);
+}
+
+vec3 calculateLight(Light light, vec3 fragPos, vec3 n, vec3 v,
+                    vec3 diffuseColor, float roughness, float metallic, vec3 f0)
+{
+    vec3 l;
+    float attenuation = 1.0;
+
+    if (light.type == TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) {
+        l = normalize(-light.direction);
+    } else {
+        vec3 toLight = light.position - fragPos;
+        float distance = length(toLight);
+        l = toLight / max(distance, 0.0001);
+
+        attenuation = calculateDistanceAttenuation(distance, light.range);
+        if (light.type == TYPE_SPOT_LIGHT) {
+            attenuation *= calculateSpotAttenuation(light, l);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float NoL = clamp(dot(n, l), 0.0, 1.0);
+    if (NoL <= 0.0 || attenuation <= 0.0) {
+        return vec3(0.0);
+    }
+
+    vec3 h = normalize(v + l);
+    float NoV = clamp(dot(n, v), 0.0001, 1.0);
+    float NoH = clamp(dot(n, h), 0.0, 1.0);
+    float VoH = clamp(dot(v, h), 0.0, 1.0);
+
+    float D = distributionGGX(NoH, roughness);
+    float G = geometrySmithGGX(NoV, NoL, roughness);
+    vec3 F = fresnelSchlick(VoH, f0);
+
+    vec3 specular = (D * G * F) / (4.0 * NoV * NoL + 0.0001);
+    vec3 kd = (vec3(1.0) - F) * (1.0 - metallic);
+    vec3 diffuse = kd * diffuseColor / PI;
+
+    return (diffuse + specular) * light.color * light.intensity * attenuation * NoL;
+}
+
+// blue -> green -> red, used to visualise how many lights a tile has
+vec3 lightHeatmapColor(uint lightCount)
+{
+    float t = clamp(float(lightCount) / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+    if (t < 0.5) {
+        return mix(vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), t * 2.0);
+    }
+    return mix(vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (t - 0.5) * 2.0);
+}
+
+#endif // LIGHTING_GLSL

destrum/assets_src/shaders/lights.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTS_GLSL
+#define LIGHTS_GLSL
+
+#extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
+
+#define TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT 0
+#define TYPE_POINT_LIGHT 1
+#define TYPE_SPOT_LIGHT 2
+
+// Forward+ tiling, must match LightCullingPipeline::TILE_SIZE / MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE
+#define LIGHT_TILE_SIZE 16
+#define MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE 255
+// Every tile stores its light count first, followed by MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE light indices
+#define LIGHT_TILE_STRIDE (MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE + 1)
+
+// Must match GPULight in Light.h
+struct Light {
+    vec3 position;
+    float range;
+
+    vec3 color;
+    float intensity;
+
+    // direction the light is pointing in (directional + spot lights)
+    vec3 direction;
+    uint type;
+
+    float spotInnerCos;
+    float spotOuterCos;
+    vec2 padding;
+};
+
+layout (buffer_reference, std430) readonly buffer LightsBuffer {
+    Light data[];
+};
+
+layout (buffer_reference, std430) buffer TileLightIndicesBuffer {
+    uint data[];
+};
+
+#endif // LIGHTS_GLSL

destrum/assets_src/shaders/line.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 460
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec4 inColor;
+layout (location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;
+
+void main()
+{
+    outFragColor = inColor;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/line.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#version 460
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec4 inPosition;
+layout (location = 1) in vec4 inColor;
+
+layout (location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform LinePushConstants {
+    mat4 viewProjection;
+} pcs;
+
+void main()
+{
+    gl_Position = pcs.viewProjection * inPosition;
+    outColor = inColor;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/mesh.frag

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "bindless.glsl"
 #include "scene_data.glsl"
 #include "mesh_pcs.glsl"
+#include "lighting.glsl"
 
 layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
 layout (location = 1) in vec2 inUV;
@@ -20,16 +21,13 @@ void main()
     uint samplerID = pcs.sceneData.materials.data[pcs.materialID].textureFilteringMode;
 
     vec4 diffuse = sampleTexture2D(material.diffuseTex, samplerID, inUV) * material.baseColor;
-    outFragColor = diffuse;
-
+    vec3 baseColor = diffuse.rgb;
 
 //    if (diffuse.a < 0.1) {
 //        discard;
 //    }
-//
-//    vec3 baseColor = material.baseColor.rgb * diffuse.rgb;
-//
-//    vec3 normal = normalize(inNormal).rgb;
+
+    vec3 normal = normalize(inNormal);
 //    if (inTangent != vec4(0.0)) {
 //        // FIXME: sometimes Blender doesn't export tangents for some objects
 //        // for some reason. When we will start computing tangents manually,
@@ -39,91 +37,65 @@ void main()
 //        normal = inTBN * normalize(normal * 2.0 - 1.0);
 //        normal = normalize(normal);
 //    }
-//
-//    #ifdef PBR
-//    float metallicF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.r;
-//    float roughnessF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.g;
-//
-//    vec4 metallicRoughness = sampleTexture2DLinear(material.metallicRoughnessTex, inUV);
-//
-//    float roughness = roughnessF * metallicRoughness.g;
-//    // roughness *= roughness; // from perceptual to linear
-//    roughness = max(roughness, 1e-2); // 0.0 roughness leads to NaNs
-//
-//    float metallic = metallicF * metallicRoughness.b;
-//
-//    vec3 dielectricSpecular = vec3(0.04);
-//    vec3 black = vec3(0.0);
-//    vec3 diffuseColor = mix(baseColor * (1.0 - dielectricSpecular.r), black, metallic);
-//    vec3 f0 = mix(dielectricSpecular, baseColor, metallic);
-//    #else
-//    vec3 diffuseColor = baseColor;
-//    float metallic = 0.f;
-//    float roughness = 1.f;
-//    vec3 f0 = vec3(0.0);
-//    #endif
-//
-//    vec3 cameraPos = pcs.sceneData.cameraPos.xyz;
-//    vec3 fragPos = inPos.xyz;
-//    vec3 n = normal;
-//    vec3 v = normalize(cameraPos - fragPos);
-//
-//    // diffuseColor = vec3(1.0);
-//    // baseColor = vec3(1.0);
-//
-//    vec3 fragColor = vec3(0.0);
-//    for (int i = 0; i < pcs.sceneData.numLights; i++) {
-//        Light light = pcs.sceneData.lights.data[i];
-//
-//        vec3 l = light.direction;
-//        if (light.type != TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) {
-//            l = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
-//        }
-//        float NoL = clamp(dot(n, l), 0.0, 1.0);
-//
-//        float occlusion = 1.0;
-//        if (light.type == TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) {
-//            occlusion = calculateCSMOcclusion(
-//            fragPos, cameraPos, NoL,
-//            pcs.sceneData.csmShadowMapId,
-//            pcs.sceneData.cascadeFarPlaneZs,
-//            pcs.sceneData.csmLightSpaceTMs);
-//        } else if (light.type == TYPE_POINT_LIGHT && light.shadowMapID != 0) {
-//            occlusion = calculatePointShadow(
-//            fragPos, light.position, NoL,
-//            light.shadowMapID,
-//            pcs.sceneData.pointLightFarPlane);
-//        }
-//
-//        fragColor += calculateLight(light, fragPos, n, v, l,
-//        diffuseColor, roughness, metallic, f0, occlusion);
-//    }
-//
-//    // emissive
-//    float emissiveF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.b;
-//    vec3 emissiveColor = emissiveF * sampleTexture2DLinear(material.emissiveTex, inUV).rgb;
-//    fragColor += emissiveColor;
-//
-//    // ambient
-//    fragColor += baseColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientIntensity;
-//
-//    #if 0
-//    // CSM DEBUG
-//    uint cascadeIndex = chooseCascade(inPos, cameraPos, pcs.sceneData.cascadeFarPlaneZs);
-//    fragColor *= debugShadowsFactor(cascadeIndex);
-//    #endif
-//
-//    #if 0
-//    // TANGENT DEBUG
-//    if (inTangent == vec4(0.0)) {
-//        fragColor = vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-//    }
-//    #endif
-//
-//    #if 1
-//    // NORMAL DEBUG
-//    // fragColor = normal;
-//    #endif
 
-//    outFragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    float metallicF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.r;
+    float roughnessF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.g;
+
+    vec4 metallicRoughness = sampleTexture2DLinear(material.metallicRoughnessTex, inUV);
+
+    float roughness = roughnessF * metallicRoughness.g;
+    // roughness *= roughness; // from perceptual to linear
+    roughness = max(roughness, 1e-2); // 0.0 roughness leads to NaNs
+
+    float metallic = metallicF * metallicRoughness.b;
+
+    vec3 dielectricSpecular = vec3(0.04);
+    vec3 black = vec3(0.0);
+    vec3 diffuseColor = mix(baseColor * (1.0 - dielectricSpecular.r), black, metallic);
+    vec3 f0 = mix(dielectricSpecular, baseColor, metallic);
+
+    vec3 cameraPos = pcs.sceneData.cameraPos.xyz;
+    vec3 fragPos = inPos.xyz;
+    vec3 n = normal;
+    vec3 v = normalize(cameraPos - fragPos);
+
+    // forward+: only loop over the lights the culling pass put in this pixel's tile
+    uvec2 tileID = uvec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) / LIGHT_TILE_SIZE;
+    uint tileOffset = (tileID.y * pcs.sceneData.tileCountX + tileID.x) * LIGHT_TILE_STRIDE;
+    uint tileLightCount = pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset];
+
+    vec3 fragColor = vec3(0.0);
+    for (uint i = 0; i < tileLightCount; i++) {
+        uint lightIndex = pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset + 1 + i];
+        Light light = pcs.sceneData.lights.data[lightIndex];
+
+        fragColor += calculateLight(light, fragPos, n, v,
+            diffuseColor, roughness, metallic, f0);
+    }
+
+    // emissive
+    float emissiveF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.b;
+    vec3 emissiveColor = emissiveF * sampleTexture2DLinear(material.emissiveTex, inUV).rgb;
+    fragColor += emissiveColor;
+
+    // ambient
+    fragColor += baseColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientIntensity;
+
+    if (pcs.sceneData.debugLightHeatmap != 0) {
+        fragColor = mix(fragColor, lightHeatmapColor(tileLightCount), 0.5);
+    }
+
+    #if 0
+    // TANGENT DEBUG
+    if (inTangent == vec4(0.0)) {
+        fragColor = vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    #if 0
+    // NORMAL DEBUG
+    fragColor = normal;
+    #endif
+
+    outFragColor = vec4(fragColor, diffuse.a);
 }

destrum/assets_src/shaders/mesh.vert

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ layout (location = 2) out vec3 outNormal;
 layout (location = 3) out vec4 outTangent;
 layout (location = 4) out mat3 outTBN;
 
+// The depth pre-pass reuses this shader, positions have to match bit for bit
+// so the main pass can depth test against it with LESS_OR_EQUAL
+invariant gl_Position;
+
 void main()
 {
     Vertex v = pcs.vertexBuffer.vertices[gl_VertexIndex];

destrum/assets_src/shaders/quad.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#version 460
+#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive : require
+#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
+
+#include "bindless.glsl"
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 inUV;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 inColor;
+layout(location = 2) flat in uint inTexId;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;
+
+void main() {
+    vec4 texColor = sampleTexture2DLinear(inTexId, inUV);
+    outFragColor = texColor * inColor;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/quad.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 460
+#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive : require
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 inPosition;
+layout(location = 1) in vec2 inUV;
+layout(location = 2) in vec4 inColor;
+layout(location = 3) in uint inTexId;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 outUV;
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 outColor;
+layout(location = 2) flat out uint outTexId;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform QuadPushConstants {
+    mat4 viewProjection;
+} pcs;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = pcs.viewProjection * vec4(inPosition, 0.0, 1.0);
+    outUV = inUV;
+    outColor = inColor;
+    outTexId = inTexId;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/scene_data.glsl

@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
 
 #include "materials.glsl"
+#include "lights.glsl"
 
+// Must match GameRenderer::GPUSceneData
 layout (buffer_reference, scalar) readonly buffer SceneDataBuffer {
     // camera
     mat4 view;
     mat4 proj;
+    mat4 invProj;
     mat4 viewProj;
     vec4 cameraPos;
 
@@ -23,6 +26,14 @@ layout (buffer_reference, scalar) readonly buffer SceneDataBuffer {
     float fogDensity;
 
     MaterialsBuffer materials;
+
+    // forward+
+    LightsBuffer lights;
+    TileLightIndicesBuffer tileLightIndices;
+    uint numLights;
+    uint tileCountX;
+    uint debugLightHeatmap;
+    uint padding;
 } sceneDataBuffer;
 
 #endif // SCENE_DATA_GLSL

destrum/assets_src/shaders/skybox.frag

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
 layout(push_constant) uniform SkyboxPC {
     mat4 invViewProj;
     vec4 skyboxRot[3];
-    vec3 cameraPos;
     uint skyboxTextureId;
 } pcs;
 
@@ -22,7 +21,8 @@ void main()
     vec4 world = pcs.invViewProj * ndc;
     vec3 worldPos = world.xyz / world.w;
 
-    vec3 dir = normalize(worldPos - pcs.cameraPos);
+    // invViewProj has no translation, so the camera sits at the origin
+    vec3 dir = normalize(worldPos);
     dir.y *= -1.0;
 
     mat3 skyboxRot = mat3(

destrum/include/destrum/Components/LightComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTCOMPONENT_H
+#define LIGHTCOMPONENT_H
+
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Light.h>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+class LightComponent final : public Component {
+public:
+    explicit LightComponent(GameObject& parent, LightType type = LightType::Point);
+
+    LightComponent(const LightComponent& other) = delete;
+    LightComponent(LightComponent&& other) noexcept = delete;
+    LightComponent& operator=(const LightComponent& other) = delete;
+    LightComponent& operator=(LightComponent&& other) noexcept = delete;
+
+    void Render(const RenderContext& ctx) override;
+
+    std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "LightComponent"; }
+
+    nlohmann::json Serialize() const override;
+    void Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) override;
+    void ImGuiInspector() override;
+
+    void SetType(LightType type) { m_Type = type; }
+    [[nodiscard]] LightType GetType() const { return m_Type; }
+
+    void SetColor(const glm::vec3& color) { m_Color = color; }
+    [[nodiscard]] const glm::vec3& GetColor() const { return m_Color; }
+
+    void SetIntensity(float intensity);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetIntensity() const { return m_Intensity; }
+
+    void SetRange(float range);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetRange() const { return m_Range; }
+
+    void SetConeAngles(float innerConeAngle, float outerConeAngle);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetInnerConeAngle() const { return m_InnerConeAngle; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetOuterConeAngle() const { return m_OuterConeAngle; }
+
+private:
+    LightType m_Type{LightType::Point};
+    glm::vec3 m_Color{1.0f};
+    float m_Intensity{1.0f};
+    float m_Range{10.0f};
+    float m_InnerConeAngle{0.35f};
+    float m_OuterConeAngle{0.5f};
+};
+
+#endif // LIGHTCOMPONENT_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Light.h

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef LIGHT_H
+#define LIGHT_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <glm/vec2.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec3.hpp>
+
+enum class LightType : std::uint32_t {
+    Directional = 0,
+    Point = 1,
+    Spot = 2,
+};
+
+struct Light {
+    LightType type{LightType::Point};
+
+    glm::vec3 position{0.0f};
+    glm::vec3 direction{0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f};
+
+    glm::vec3 color{1.0f};
+    float intensity{1.0f};
+
+    float range{10.0f};
+
+    float innerConeAngle{0.35f};
+    float outerConeAngle{0.5f};
+};
+
+struct GPULight {
+    glm::vec3 position;
+    float range;
+
+    glm::vec3 color;
+    float intensity;
+
+    glm::vec3 direction;
+    std::uint32_t type;
+
+    float spotInnerCos;
+    float spotOuterCos;
+    glm::vec2 padding;
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(GPULight) == 64, "GPULight must match the struct in lights.glsl");
+
+#endif //LIGHT_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGMANAGER_H
+#define DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGMANAGER_H
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <glm/vec3.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Singleton.h>
+
+struct Line {
+    glm::vec3 start{};
+    glm::vec3 end{};
+    glm::vec4 color{1.0f};
+};
+
+class LineRenderingManager final : public Singleton<LineRenderingManager> {
+public:
+    friend class Singleton<LineRenderingManager>;
+
+    void SubmitLine(const Line& line);
+    void SubmitLine(
+        const glm::vec3& start,
+        const glm::vec3& end,
+        const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f});
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<Line>& GetLines() const { return lines; }
+
+    void ClearLines();
+
+private:
+    LineRenderingManager() = default;
+
+    std::vector<Line> lines;
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGMANAGER_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_QUADRENDERINGMANAGER_H
+#define DESTRUM_QUADRENDERINGMANAGER_H
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
+#include <destrum/Singleton.h>
+
+struct QuadSubmission {
+    glm::vec2 position;
+    glm::vec2 size;
+    float rotation;
+    glm::vec4 color;
+    ImageID textureId;
+};
+
+class QuadRenderingManager final : public Singleton<QuadRenderingManager> {
+public:
+    friend class Singleton<QuadRenderingManager>;
+
+    void SubmitQuad(
+        const glm::vec2& position,
+        const glm::vec2& size,
+        const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f},
+        ImageID textureId = NULL_IMAGE_ID);
+
+    void SubmitQuad(
+        const glm::vec2& position,
+        const glm::vec2& size,
+        float rotation,
+        const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f},
+        ImageID textureId = NULL_IMAGE_ID);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<QuadSubmission>& GetQuads() const { return quads; }
+    void ClearQuads();
+
+private:
+    QuadRenderingManager() = default;
+
+    std::vector<QuadSubmission> quads;
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_QUADRENDERINGMANAGER_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.h

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTCULLINGPIPELINE_H
+#define LIGHTCULLINGPIPELINE_H
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ComputePipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Light.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/AppendableBuffer.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Buffer.h>
+
+class GfxDevice;
+class RenderResources;
+
+class LightCullingPipeline final {
+public:
+
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t TILE_SIZE = 16;
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE = 255;
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t TILE_STRIDE = MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE + 1;
+
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_LIGHTS = 1024;
+
+    void init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize);
+    void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+    void resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize);
+
+    void beginDrawing(std::size_t frameIndex);
+    void appendLight(const Light& light);
+
+    void flushCurrentFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+    void cullLights(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        const RenderResources& resources,
+        const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+        ImageID depthImageId,
+        VkExtent2D renderExtent);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] VkDeviceAddress getLightsBufferAddress() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] VkDeviceAddress getTileLightIndicesBufferAddress() const { return tileLightIndicesBuffer.address; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t getNumLights() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] glm::uvec2 getTileCount() const { return tileCount; }
+
+private:
+    void createTileBuffer(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize);
+
+    VkPipelineLayout m_pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    std::unique_ptr<ComputePipeline> lightCullingPipeline;
+
+    struct PushConstants {
+        VkDeviceAddress sceneDataBuffer;
+        glm::uvec2 screenSize;
+        std::uint32_t depthTexId;
+        std::uint32_t padding;
+    };
+
+    struct PerFrameData {
+        AppendableBuffer<GPULight> lightsBuffer;
+    };
+
+    std::array<PerFrameData, FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT> framesData;
+    std::size_t currentFrameIndex{0};
+    bool warnedAboutLightLimit{false};
+
+    GPUBuffer tileLightIndicesBuffer;
+    glm::uvec2 tileCount{0u, 0u};
+
+    PerFrameData& getCurrentFrameData();
+    const PerFrameData& getCurrentFrameData() const;
+};
+
+#endif //LIGHTCULLINGPIPELINE_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGPASS_H
+#define DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGPASS_H
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/NBuffer.h>
+
+class Camera;
+class GfxDevice;
+struct GPUImage;
+class Pipeline;
+
+class LineRenderingPass final {
+public:
+    void init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, VkFormat drawImageFormat);
+    void draw(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+        const GPUImage& target,
+        const Camera& camera,
+        LineRenderingManager& lineManager);
+    void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+private:
+    struct LineVertex {
+        glm::vec4 position;
+        glm::vec4 color;
+    };
+
+    void ensureVertexCapacity(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, std::size_t requiredVertices);
+
+    VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> pipeline;
+    NBuffer vertexBuffer;
+    std::size_t vertexCapacity{0};
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGPASS_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.h

@@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ public:
         VkFormat drawImageFormat,
         VkFormat depthImageFormat);
 
+    void drawDepthPrepass(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+        const RenderResources& resources,
+        const Camera& camera,
+        const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+        const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+        const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands);
+
     void draw(
         VkCommandBuffer cmd,
         VkExtent2D renderExtent,
@@ -55,9 +64,20 @@ private:
         std::uint32_t padding;
     };
 
+    void drawMeshes(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        const Pipeline& pipeline,
+        VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+        const RenderResources& resources,
+        const Camera& camera,
+        const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+        const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+        const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands);
+
 private:
     VkPipelineLayout m_pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
     std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> m_pipeline;
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> m_depthPrepassPipeline;
 
     bool m_renderWireframe{false};
 };

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_QUADRENDERERPASS_H
+#define DESTRUM_QUADRENDERERPASS_H
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Buffer.h>
+
+
+class GfxDevice;
+class Pipeline;
+struct GPUImage;
+class RenderResources;
+
+class QuadRendererPass final {
+public:
+    void init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, VkFormat drawImageFormat);
+    void draw(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+        RenderResources& resources,
+        const GPUImage& target,
+        const glm::mat4& projection);
+    void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+private:
+    struct QuadVertex {
+        glm::vec2 position;
+        glm::vec2 uv;
+        glm::vec4 color;
+        std::uint32_t textureId;
+    };
+
+    void ensureCapacity(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, std::size_t requiredQuads);
+
+    VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> pipeline;
+    GPUBuffer vertexBuffer{};
+    GPUBuffer indexBuffer{};
+    std::size_t quadCapacity{0};
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_QUADRENDERERPASS_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.h

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ private:
     struct SkyboxPushConstants {
         glm::mat4  invViewProj;
         glm::vec4  skyboxRot[3];
-        glm::vec3  cameraPos;
         std::uint32_t skyboxTextureId;
     };
 

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h

@@ -57,7 +57,10 @@ public:
     BindlessSetManager& getBindlessSetManager();
     VkDescriptorSetLayout getBindlessDescSetLayout() const;
     const VkDescriptorSet& getBindlessDescSet() const;
-    void bindBindlessDescSet(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkPipelineLayout layout) const;
+    void bindBindlessDescSet(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        VkPipelineLayout layout,
+        VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS) const;
 
     MeshCache& meshes() { return *meshCache; }
     const MeshCache& meshes() const { return *meshCache; }

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Renderer.h

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 #ifndef RENDERER_H
 #define RENDERER_H
 
+#include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
 #include <glm/vec3.hpp>
 
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Camera.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Light.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/MeshDrawCommand.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/NBuffer.h>
@@ -17,9 +22,11 @@
 
 #include "Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.h"
 
-class GameRenderer {
+class GameRenderer
+{
 public:
-    struct SceneData {
+    struct SceneData
+    {
         const Camera& camera;
         glm::vec3 ambientColor;
         float ambientIntensity;
@@ -37,11 +44,15 @@ public:
     void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
 
     void drawMesh(MeshID id, const glm::mat4& transform, MaterialID materialId);
-    void drawSkinnedMesh(MeshID id, const glm::mat4& transform, MaterialID materialId, SkinnedMesh* skinnedMesh, std::size_t jointMatricesStartIndex);
+    void drawSkinnedMesh(MeshID id, const glm::mat4& transform, MaterialID materialId, SkinnedMesh* skinnedMesh,
+                         std::size_t jointMatricesStartIndex);
+    void submitLight(const Light& light);
     const GPUImage& getDrawImage() const;
 
-    void resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const glm::ivec2& newSize) {
+    void resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const glm::ivec2& newSize)
+    {
         createDrawImage(gfxDevice, newSize, false);
+        lightCullingPipeline->resize(gfxDevice, newSize);
     }
 
     Material& getMaterialMutable(MaterialID id);
@@ -51,23 +62,41 @@ public:
 
     void flushMaterialUpdates(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
 
-    [[nodiscard]] SkinningPipeline& getSkinningPipeline() const {
+    [[nodiscard]] SkinningPipeline& getSkinningPipeline() const
+    {
         return *skinningPipeline;
     }
 
-    void setRenderWireframe(bool wireframe) {
+    void setRenderWireframe(bool wireframe)
+    {
         meshPipeline->setRenderWireframe(wireframe);
     }
 
-    bool getRenderWireframe() {
+    bool getRenderWireframe()
+    {
         return meshPipeline->getRenderWireframe();
     }
 
+    void setRenderLightHeatmap(bool heatmap)
+    {
+        renderLightHeatmap = heatmap;
+    }
+
+    bool getRenderLightHeatmap() const
+    {
+        return renderLightHeatmap;
+    }
+
     RenderResources* getResources()
     {
         return resources;
     }
 
+    void drawQuads(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+        const glm::mat4& projection);
+
 private:
     void createDrawImage(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const glm::ivec2& drawImageSize, bool firstCreate);
 
@@ -88,31 +117,41 @@ private:
     VkSampleCountFlagBits samples{VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT};
 
 
-    struct GPUSceneData {
-        // camera
+    struct GPUSceneData
+    {
         glm::mat4 view;
         glm::mat4 proj;
+        glm::mat4 invProj;
         glm::mat4 viewProj;
         glm::vec4 cameraPos;
 
-        // ambient
         glm::vec3 ambientColor;
         float ambientIntensity;
 
-        // fog
         glm::vec3 fogColor;
         float fogDensity;
 
         VkDeviceAddress materialsBuffer;
+
+        VkDeviceAddress lightsBuffer;
+        VkDeviceAddress tileLightIndicesBuffer;
+        std::uint32_t numLights;
+        std::uint32_t tileCountX;
+        std::uint32_t debugLightHeatmap;
+        std::uint32_t padding;
     };
 
     NBuffer sceneDataBuffer;
 
-
     std::unique_ptr<MeshPipeline> meshPipeline;
     std::unique_ptr<SkyboxPipeline> skyboxPipeline;
+    std::unique_ptr<LineRenderingPass> lineRenderingPass;
+    std::unique_ptr<QuadRendererPass> quadRendererPass;
 
     std::unique_ptr<SkinningPipeline> skinningPipeline;
+    std::unique_ptr<LightCullingPipeline> lightCullingPipeline;
+
+    bool renderLightHeatmap{false};
     bool initialized{false};
 };
 

destrum/include/destrum/Input/InputManager.h

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ public:
 
     int MouseX() const { return m_mouseX; }
     int MouseY() const { return m_mouseY; }
-    int MouseDeltaX() const { return m_mouseDX; }
-    int MouseDeltaY() const { return m_mouseDY; }
+    int MouseDeltaX() const { return m_mouseRelDX; }
+    int MouseDeltaY() const { return m_mouseRelDY; }
 
     int WheelX() const { return m_wheelX; }
     int WheelY() const { return m_wheelY; }
@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ public:
 
     void SetAxisDeadzone(int deadzone) { m_axisDeadzone = deadzone; } // 0..32767
 
+    void SetMouseCaptured(bool captured);
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsMouseCaptured() const { return m_MouseCaptured; }
+
 private:
     // Key states
     std::unordered_set<SDL_Scancode> m_keysDown;
@@ -92,10 +95,9 @@ private:
     std::unordered_set<Uint8> m_mousePressed;
     std::unordered_set<Uint8> m_mouseReleased;
 
-    // Mouse position + delta
+    // Mouse position + relative delta (accumulated from SDL xrel/yrel)
     int m_mouseX = 0, m_mouseY = 0;
-    int m_prevMouseX = 0, m_prevMouseY = 0;
-    int m_mouseDX = 0, m_mouseDY = 0;
+    int m_mouseRelDX = 0, m_mouseRelDY = 0;
 
     int m_wheelX = 0, m_wheelY = 0;
 
@@ -125,6 +127,8 @@ private:
 
     int m_axisDeadzone = 8000; // typical deadzone
 
+    bool m_MouseCaptured = false;
+
 private:
     bool QueryBinding(const Binding& b, ButtonState state) const;
 

destrum/include/destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h

@@ -59,6 +59,16 @@ public:
     virtual void ResolveReferences(const ObjectMap&) {
     }
 
+    // Trigger callbacks called when this component's owner overlaps a sensor.
+    // Only called when the owner has a Collider set as a trigger (or overlaps one).
+    virtual void OnTriggerEnter(GameObject* other) {
+        (void)other;
+    }
+
+    virtual void OnTriggerExit(GameObject* other) {
+        (void)other;
+    }
+
     bool HasStarted{false};
 
 protected:

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/JoltPhysicsWorld.h

@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ public:
                  float maxDistance,
                  PhysicsRaycastHit& hit) const override;
 
+    std::vector<TriggerEvent> ConsumeTriggerEvents() override;
+
 private:
     class Impl;
     std::unique_ptr<Impl> m_Impl;

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/PhysicsSceneBridge.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class PhysicsSceneBridge final {
 public:
     explicit PhysicsSceneBridge(std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> world);
 
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsValid() const { return m_World != nullptr; }
     [[nodiscard]] PhysicsWorld& GetWorld() { return *m_World; }
     [[nodiscard]] const PhysicsWorld& GetWorld() const { return *m_World; }
 

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/PhysicsTypes.h

@@ -116,3 +116,9 @@ struct PhysicsBodyDesc {
     bool useGravity{true};
     bool allowSleep{true};
 };
+
+struct TriggerEvent {
+    GameObject* owner{nullptr};
+    GameObject* other{nullptr};
+    bool entered{true};
+};

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/PhysicsWorld.h

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -49,6 +51,9 @@ public:
                          float maxDistance,
                          PhysicsRaycastHit& hit) const = 0;
 
+    // Trigger events accumulated during the last Step().
+    virtual std::vector<TriggerEvent> ConsumeTriggerEvents() { return {}; }
+
 private:
     std::unordered_set<Rigidbody*> m_RegisteredRigidbodies;
 };

destrum/include/destrum/Scene/Scene.h

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include <destrum/Event.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/ObjectId.h>
 #include <destrum/Scene/SceneManager.h>
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@
 
 class GameObject;
 class SceneSerializer;
+class PhysicsWorld;
 
 class Scene final {
     friend Scene& SceneManager::CreateScene(const std::string& name);
@@ -104,6 +107,7 @@ public:
     PhysicsSceneBridge& GetPhysics() { return m_Physics; }
 private:
     explicit Scene(const std::string& name);
+    explicit Scene(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> physicsWorld);
 
     PhysicsSceneBridge m_Physics{std::make_unique<JoltPhysicsWorld>()};
 

destrum/include/destrum/Scene/SceneManager.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ public:
     Scene& CreateScene(const std::string& name);
 
     Scene& GetCurrentScene() const;
+    const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>>& GetActiveScenes() const { return m_activeScenes; }
 
     void Update(float dt);
     void FixedUpdate(float dt);
@@ -34,7 +35,9 @@ public:
     void Destroy();
 
     void SwitchScene(int index);
-    int GetActiveSceneId() const { return m_scenes.empty() ? -1 : m_ActiveSceneIndex; }
+    void AddActiveScene(int index);
+    void RemoveActiveScene(int index);
+    int GetActiveSceneId() const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>>& GetScenes() const { return m_scenes; }
 
@@ -47,8 +50,7 @@ private:
 
     SceneManager() = default;
 
-    int m_ActiveSceneIndex{0};
-
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>> m_activeScenes;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>> m_scenes;
 };
 

destrum/include/destrum/Serialization/EngineComponentList.h

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef DESTRUM_ENGINECOMPONENTLIST_H
 #define DESTRUM_ENGINECOMPONENTLIST_H
 
-// Keep the component manifest in one place. Consumers define X before
-// expanding one of these lists to generate registration or other metadata.
 #include <destrum/Components/Animator.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/LightComponent.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/MeshRendererComponent.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/OrbitAndSpin.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Rotator.h>
@@ -15,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #define DESTRUM_ENGINE_COMPONENTS(X) \
     X(MeshRendererComponent) \
+    X(LightComponent) \
     X(Rotator) \
     X(Spinner) \
     X(OrbitAndSpin) \
@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@
     X(Rigidbody) \
     X(BoxCollider) \
     X(SphereCollider) \
-    X(CapsuleCollider)
+    X(CapsuleCollider) \
 
 #endif // DESTRUM_ENGINECOMPONENTLIST_H

destrum/include/destrum/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h

@@ -2,13 +2,34 @@
 #define DESTRUM_SCENESERIALIZER_H
 
 #include <filesystem>
+#include <functional>
+#include <future>
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 class Scene;
 
 class SceneSerializer final {
 public:
+    struct LoadResult {
+        bool success{false};
+        std::string errorMessage;
+        nlohmann::json root;
+    };
+
     static bool Save(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path);
-    static bool Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path);
+
+    static bool Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path,
+                     std::function<void(float)> progressCallback = nullptr);
+
+    static LoadResult LoadSceneFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+
+    static bool ConstructScene(Scene& scene, LoadResult& result,
+                               std::function<void(float)> progressCallback = nullptr);
+
+    // Parse the scene file on a background thread. Call LoadFromJson on the
+    // main thread once the future is ready.
+    static std::future<LoadResult> LoadSceneFileAsync(const std::filesystem::path& path);
 };
 
 #endif //DESTRUM_SCENESERIALIZER_H

destrum/src/App.cpp

@@ -131,6 +131,12 @@ void App::run()
 
                 imguiPass.handleEvent(event);
 
+                const bool mouseEvent =
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN ||
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP ||
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEMOTION ||
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEWHEEL;
+
                 if (event.type == SDL_QUIT)
                 {
                     isRunning = false;
@@ -149,19 +155,13 @@ void App::run()
                     }
                 }
 
-                const bool mouseEvent =
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN ||
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP ||
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEMOTION ||
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEWHEEL;
-
                 const bool keyboardEvent =
                     event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN ||
                     event.type == SDL_KEYUP ||
                     event.type == SDL_TEXTINPUT;
 
                 const bool capturedByImgui =
-                    (mouseEvent && imguiPass.wantsMouse()) ||
+                    (mouseEvent && !InputManager::GetInstance().IsMouseCaptured() && imguiPass.wantsMouse()) ||
                     (keyboardEvent && imguiPass.wantsKeyboard());
 
                 if (!capturedByImgui)
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ void App::run()
             }
         }
 
-        if (!isRunning) break;
+if (!isRunning) break;
 
         // Consume SDL events before updating the base camera so held and
         // newly pressed inputs are applied in the same frame.

destrum/src/Components/LightComponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#include <destrum/Components/LightComponent.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/RenderContext.h>
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Transform.h>
+
+#include <glm/gtc/constants.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtx/quaternion.hpp>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+
+#include <imgui.h>
+
+LightComponent::LightComponent(GameObject& parent, LightType type)
+    : Component(parent, "LightComponent")
+    , m_Type(type)
+{
+}
+
+void LightComponent::SetIntensity(float intensity)
+{
+    m_Intensity = std::max(intensity, 0.0f);
+}
+
+void LightComponent::SetRange(float range)
+{
+    m_Range = std::max(range, 0.01f);
+}
+
+void LightComponent::SetConeAngles(float innerConeAngle, float outerConeAngle)
+{
+    m_InnerConeAngle = std::clamp(innerConeAngle, 0.0f, glm::half_pi<float>());
+    m_OuterConeAngle = std::clamp(outerConeAngle, m_InnerConeAngle, glm::half_pi<float>());
+}
+
+void LightComponent::Render(const RenderContext& ctx)
+{
+    auto& transform = GetTransform();
+
+    ctx.renderer.submitLight(Light{
+        .type = m_Type,
+        .position = transform.GetWorldPosition(),
+        .direction = transform.GetWorldRotation() * glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f},
+        .color = m_Color,
+        .intensity = m_Intensity,
+        .range = m_Range,
+        .innerConeAngle = m_InnerConeAngle,
+        .outerConeAngle = m_OuterConeAngle,
+    });
+}
+
+nlohmann::json LightComponent::Serialize() const {
+    return {
+        {"type", static_cast<std::uint32_t>(m_Type)},
+        {"color", {m_Color.x, m_Color.y, m_Color.z}},
+        {"intensity", m_Intensity},
+        {"range", m_Range},
+        {"innerConeAngle", m_InnerConeAngle},
+        {"outerConeAngle", m_OuterConeAngle}
+    };
+}
+
+void LightComponent::Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) {
+    if (data.contains("type")) {
+        const auto type = data.at("type").get<std::uint32_t>();
+        if (type <= static_cast<std::uint32_t>(LightType::Spot)) {
+            m_Type = static_cast<LightType>(type);
+        }
+    }
+    if (data.contains("color")) {
+        const auto& value = data.at("color");
+        m_Color = {value.at(0).get<float>(), value.at(1).get<float>(), value.at(2).get<float>()};
+    }
+    if (data.contains("intensity")) {
+        SetIntensity(data.at("intensity").get<float>());
+    }
+    if (data.contains("range")) {
+        SetRange(data.at("range").get<float>());
+    }
+
+    float innerConeAngle = m_InnerConeAngle;
+    float outerConeAngle = m_OuterConeAngle;
+    if (data.contains("innerConeAngle")) {
+        innerConeAngle = data.at("innerConeAngle").get<float>();
+    }
+    if (data.contains("outerConeAngle")) {
+        outerConeAngle = data.at("outerConeAngle").get<float>();
+    }
+    SetConeAngles(innerConeAngle, outerConeAngle);
+}
+
+void LightComponent::ImGuiInspector() {
+    constexpr std::array typeNames{"Directional", "Point", "Spot"};
+
+    int type = static_cast<int>(m_Type);
+    if (ImGui::Combo("Type", &type, typeNames.data(), static_cast<int>(typeNames.size()))) {
+        SetType(static_cast<LightType>(type));
+    }
+
+    ImGui::ColorEdit3("Color", &m_Color.x);
+
+    float intensity = m_Intensity;
+    if (ImGui::DragFloat("Intensity", &intensity, 0.05f, 0.0f)) {
+        SetIntensity(intensity);
+    }
+
+    if (m_Type == LightType::Directional) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float range = m_Range;
+    if (ImGui::DragFloat("Range", &range, 0.05f, 0.01f)) {
+        SetRange(range);
+    }
+
+    if (m_Type == LightType::Spot) {
+        float innerConeAngle = m_InnerConeAngle;
+        float outerConeAngle = m_OuterConeAngle;
+        bool changed = ImGui::SliderAngle("Inner Cone", &innerConeAngle, 0.0f, 90.0f);
+        changed |= ImGui::SliderAngle("Outer Cone", &outerConeAngle, 0.0f, 90.0f);
+        if (changed) {
+            SetConeAngles(innerConeAngle, outerConeAngle);
+        }
+    }
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Camera.cpp

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ void Camera::SetRotation(const glm::vec2& yawPitchRadians) {
     SetRotation(yawPitchRadians.x, yawPitchRadians.y);
 }
 
-void Camera::SetTarget(const glm::vec3& target) {
+void Camera::SetTarget(const glm::vec3&) {
 }
 
 void Camera::ClearTarget() {

destrum/src/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
+
+void LineRenderingManager::SubmitLine(const Line& line)
+{
+    lines.push_back(line);
+}
+
+void LineRenderingManager::SubmitLine(
+    const glm::vec3& start,
+    const glm::vec3& end,
+    const glm::vec4& color)
+{
+    SubmitLine(Line{
+        .start = start,
+        .end = end,
+        .color = color,
+    });
+}
+
+void LineRenderingManager::ClearLines()
+{
+    lines.clear();
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h>
+
+void QuadRenderingManager::SubmitQuad(
+    const glm::vec2& position,
+    const glm::vec2& size,
+    const glm::vec4& color,
+    ImageID textureId)
+{
+    SubmitQuad(position, size, 0.0f, color, textureId);
+}
+
+void QuadRenderingManager::SubmitQuad(
+    const glm::vec2& position,
+    const glm::vec2& size,
+    float rotation,
+    const glm::vec4& color,
+    ImageID textureId)
+{
+    quads.push_back(QuadSubmission{
+        .position = position,
+        .size = size,
+        .rotation = rotation,
+        .color = color,
+        .textureId = textureId,
+    });
+}
+
+void QuadRenderingManager::ClearQuads()
+{
+    quads.clear();
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/ImguiPass.cpp

@@ -124,6 +124,11 @@ void ImguiPass::beginFrame() {
 
     ImGui_ImplVulkan_NewFrame();
     ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame();
+
+    if (SDL_GetRelativeMouseMode() == SDL_TRUE) {
+        ImGui::GetIO().MousePos = ImVec2(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    }
+
     ImGui::NewFrame();
 
     frameBegun = true;

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.h>
+
+#include "destrum/FS/AssetFS.h"
+#include "destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h"
+#include "destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h"
+#include "destrum/Graphics/Util.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include "volk.h"
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        const auto& device = gfxDevice.getDevice();
+
+        const auto pushConstant = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(PushConstants),
+        };
+
+        const auto pushConstants = std::array{pushConstant};
+
+        const auto layouts = std::array{
+            resources.getBindlessDescSetLayout()
+        };
+
+        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(layouts.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(pushConstants.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = pushConstants.data();
+
+        if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &m_pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Could not make light culling pipeline layout");
+        }
+
+        ComputePipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+        pipelineConfig.name = "light culling compute pipeline";
+        pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = m_pipelineLayout;
+
+        const auto lightCullingShaderPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile(
+            "engine://shaders/light_culling.comp");
+
+        lightCullingPipeline = std::make_unique<ComputePipeline>(
+            gfxDevice,
+            lightCullingShaderPath.generic_string(),
+            pipelineConfig
+        );
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; ++i)
+        {
+            auto& lightsBuffer = framesData[i].lightsBuffer;
+            lightsBuffer.capacity = MAX_LIGHTS;
+            lightsBuffer.buffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+                MAX_LIGHTS * sizeof(GPULight),
+                VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
+                VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU);
+            vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, lightsBuffer.buffer.buffer, "lights");
+        }
+
+        createTileBuffer(gfxDevice, drawImageSize);
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        cleanup(gfxDevice);
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    for (auto& frame : framesData)
+    {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(frame.lightsBuffer.buffer);
+        frame.lightsBuffer.buffer = {};
+        frame.lightsBuffer.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(tileLightIndicesBuffer);
+    tileLightIndicesBuffer = {};
+    tileCount = glm::uvec2{0u, 0u};
+
+    if (m_pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && gfxDevice.getDevice() != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(gfxDevice.getDevice(), m_pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    }
+    m_pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    lightCullingPipeline.reset();
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
+{
+    gfxDevice.waitIdle();
+
+    gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(tileLightIndicesBuffer);
+    tileLightIndicesBuffer = {};
+    createTileBuffer(gfxDevice, drawImageSize);
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::createTileBuffer(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
+{
+    assert(drawImageSize.x > 0 && drawImageSize.y > 0);
+
+    tileCount = glm::uvec2{
+        (static_cast<std::uint32_t>(drawImageSize.x) + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE,
+        (static_cast<std::uint32_t>(drawImageSize.y) + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE,
+    };
+
+    const std::size_t numTiles = static_cast<std::size_t>(tileCount.x) * tileCount.y;
+    tileLightIndicesBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+        numTiles * TILE_STRIDE * sizeof(std::uint32_t),
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT);
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), tileLightIndicesBuffer.buffer, "tile light indices");
+
+    spdlog::debug("Forward+ light grid: {}x{} tiles", tileCount.x, tileCount.y);
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::beginDrawing(std::size_t frameIndex)
+{
+    currentFrameIndex = frameIndex;
+    getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.clear();
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::appendLight(const Light& light)
+{
+    auto& lightsBuffer = getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer;
+    if (lightsBuffer.size >= lightsBuffer.capacity)
+    {
+        if (!warnedAboutLightLimit)
+        {
+            spdlog::warn("Light limit of {} reached, extra lights are ignored", MAX_LIGHTS);
+            warnedAboutLightLimit = true;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float directionLength = glm::length(light.direction);
+    const glm::vec3 direction = directionLength > 1e-6f
+                                    ? light.direction / directionLength
+                                    : glm::vec3{0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f};
+
+    const auto gpuLight = GPULight{
+        .position = light.position,
+        .range = light.range,
+        .color = light.color,
+        .intensity = light.intensity,
+        .direction = direction,
+        .type = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(light.type),
+        .spotInnerCos = std::cos(light.innerConeAngle),
+        .spotOuterCos = std::cos(light.outerConeAngle),
+        .padding = glm::vec2{0.0f},
+    };
+    lightsBuffer.append(gpuLight);
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::flushCurrentFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    auto& buffer = getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.buffer;
+    gfxDevice.getMemoryManager().flushAllocation(buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE);
+    vkutil::bufferHostWriteToShaderReadBarrier(
+        cmd,
+        buffer.buffer,
+        0,
+        static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(MAX_LIGHTS * sizeof(GPULight)));
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::cullLights(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    const RenderResources& resources,
+    const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+    ImageID depthImageId,
+    VkExtent2D renderExtent)
+{
+    if (!lightCullingPipeline)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    {
+        // previous frame's mesh pass might still be reading the tile lists
+        const VkBufferMemoryBarrier2 tileBufferBarrier{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
+            .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
+            .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT,
+            .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
+            .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT,
+            .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .buffer = tileLightIndicesBuffer.buffer,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+        };
+
+        const VkDependencyInfo dependencyInfo{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
+            .bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
+            .pBufferMemoryBarriers = &tileBufferBarrier,
+        };
+        vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &dependencyInfo);
+    }
+
+    lightCullingPipeline->bind(cmd);
+    resources.bindBindlessDescSet(cmd, m_pipelineLayout, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE);
+
+    const auto cs = PushConstants{
+        .sceneDataBuffer = sceneDataBuffer.address,
+        .screenSize = glm::uvec2{renderExtent.width, renderExtent.height},
+        .depthTexId = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(depthImageId),
+        .padding = 0,
+    };
+
+    vkCmdPushConstants(cmd,
+                       m_pipelineLayout,
+                       VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+                       0,
+                       sizeof(PushConstants),
+                       &cs);
+
+    // one workgroup per tile
+    vkCmdDispatch(cmd, tileCount.x, tileCount.y, 1);
+
+    const VkBufferMemoryBarrier2 tileBufferBarrier{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
+        .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
+        .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT,
+        .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
+        .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .buffer = tileLightIndicesBuffer.buffer,
+        .offset = 0,
+        .size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+    };
+
+    const VkDependencyInfo dependencyInfo{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
+        .bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
+        .pBufferMemoryBarriers = &tileBufferBarrier,
+    };
+    vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &dependencyInfo);
+}
+
+VkDeviceAddress LightCullingPipeline::getLightsBufferAddress() const
+{
+    return getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.buffer.address;
+}
+
+std::uint32_t LightCullingPipeline::getNumLights() const
+{
+    return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.size);
+}
+
+LightCullingPipeline::PerFrameData& LightCullingPipeline::getCurrentFrameData()
+{
+    return framesData[currentFrameIndex % FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
+}
+
+const LightCullingPipeline::PerFrameData& LightCullingPipeline::getCurrentFrameData() const
+{
+    return framesData[currentFrameIndex % FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Camera.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GPUImage.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
+
+#include "volk.h"
+
+namespace {
+    constexpr std::size_t InitialVertexCapacity = 256;
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, VkFormat drawImageFormat)
+{
+    try {
+        vertexBuffer.init(
+            gfxDevice,
+            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+            InitialVertexCapacity * sizeof(LineVertex),
+            "line vertices");
+        vertexCapacity = InitialVertexCapacity;
+
+        const auto vertexShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/line.vert");
+        const auto fragmentShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/line.frag");
+
+        const auto pushConstantRange = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(glm::mat4),
+        };
+
+        const auto pipelineLayoutInfo = VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+            .pushConstantRangeCount = 1,
+            .pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstantRange,
+        };
+
+        VK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(
+            gfxDevice.getDevice(),
+            &pipelineLayoutInfo,
+            nullptr,
+            &pipelineLayout));
+
+        PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+        Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+        pipelineConfig.name = "Line Rendering Pipeline";
+        pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout;
+        pipelineConfig.inputAssemblyInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST;
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
+        pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {drawImageFormat};
+        pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+
+        pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputBindingDescription{
+                .binding = 0,
+                .stride = sizeof(LineVertex),
+                .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX,
+            }
+        };
+        pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 0,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(LineVertex, position),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 1,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(LineVertex, color),
+            },
+        };
+
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_TRUE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor =
+            VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor =
+            VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+
+        pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+            gfxDevice,
+            vertexShader.string(),
+            fragmentShader.string(),
+            pipelineConfig);
+    } catch (...) {
+        cleanup(gfxDevice);
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::draw(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    const GPUImage& target,
+    const Camera& camera,
+    LineRenderingManager& lineManager)
+{
+    const auto& lines = lineManager.GetLines();
+    if (!pipeline || lines.empty()) {
+        lineManager.ClearLines();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (lines.size() > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / 2) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many lines submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<LineVertex> vertices;
+    vertices.reserve(lines.size() * 2);
+    for (const Line& line : lines) {
+        vertices.push_back(LineVertex{
+            .position = glm::vec4{line.start, 1.0f},
+            .color = line.color,
+        });
+        vertices.push_back(LineVertex{
+            .position = glm::vec4{line.end, 1.0f},
+            .color = line.color,
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (vertices.size() > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many line vertices submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    ensureVertexCapacity(gfxDevice, vertices.size());
+    vertexBuffer.uploadNewData(
+        cmd,
+        gfxDevice.getCurrentFrameIndex(),
+        vertices.data(),
+        vertices.size() * sizeof(LineVertex));
+
+    auto renderInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
+        .renderExtent = target.getExtent2D(),
+        .colorImageView = target.imageView,
+    });
+
+    vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &renderInfo.renderingInfo);
+
+    pipeline->bind(cmd);
+
+    const auto viewport = VkViewport{
+        .x = 0.0f,
+        .y = 0.0f,
+        .width = static_cast<float>(target.extent.width),
+        .height = static_cast<float>(target.extent.height),
+        .minDepth = 0.0f,
+        .maxDepth = 1.0f,
+    };
+    vkCmdSetViewport(cmd, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+    const auto scissor = VkRect2D{
+        .offset = {},
+        .extent = target.getExtent2D(),
+    };
+    vkCmdSetScissor(cmd, 0, 1, &scissor);
+    vkCmdSetPolygonModeEXT(cmd, VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL);
+
+    const glm::mat4 viewProjection = camera.GetViewProjectionMatrix();
+    vkCmdPushConstants(
+        cmd,
+        pipelineLayout,
+        VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+        0,
+        sizeof(viewProjection),
+        &viewProjection);
+
+    const VkBuffer vertexBufferHandle = vertexBuffer.getBuffer().buffer;
+    const VkDeviceSize vertexBufferOffset = 0;
+    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmd, 0, 1, &vertexBufferHandle, &vertexBufferOffset);
+    vkCmdDraw(cmd, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(vertices.size()), 1, 0, 0);
+
+    vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+    lineManager.ClearLines();
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    pipeline.reset();
+
+    if (pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && gfxDevice.getDevice() != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(gfxDevice.getDevice(), pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    }
+    pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    vertexBuffer.cleanup(gfxDevice);
+    vertexCapacity = 0;
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::ensureVertexCapacity(
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    std::size_t requiredVertices)
+{
+    if (requiredVertices <= vertexCapacity) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t newCapacity = std::max(vertexCapacity, InitialVertexCapacity);
+    while (newCapacity < requiredVertices) {
+        if (newCapacity > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / 2) {
+            newCapacity = requiredVertices;
+            break;
+        }
+        newCapacity *= 2;
+    }
+
+    gfxDevice.waitIdle();
+    vertexBuffer.cleanup(gfxDevice);
+    vertexBuffer.init(
+        gfxDevice,
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+        newCapacity * sizeof(LineVertex),
+        "line vertices");
+    vertexCapacity = newCapacity;
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.cpp

@@ -23,66 +23,122 @@ void MeshPipeline::init(
     VkFormat drawImageFormat,
     VkFormat depthImageFormat)
 {
-    try {
-    const auto vertexShader =
-        AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/mesh.vert");
+    try
+    {
+        const auto vertexShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/mesh.vert");
 
-    const auto fragShader =
-        AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/mesh.frag");
+        const auto fragShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/mesh.frag");
 
-    const auto bufferRange = VkPushConstantRange{
-        .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
-        .offset = 0,
-        .size = sizeof(PushConstants),
-    };
+        const auto bufferRange = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(PushConstants),
+        };
 
-    const auto pushConstantRanges = std::array{bufferRange};
+        const auto pushConstantRanges = std::array{bufferRange};
 
-    const auto layouts = std::array{
-        resources.getBindlessDescSetLayout()
-    };
+        const auto layouts = std::array{
+            resources.getBindlessDescSetLayout()
+        };
 
-    VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
-    pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
-    pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(layouts.size());
-    pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
-    pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount =
-        static_cast<std::uint32_t>(pushConstantRanges.size());
-    pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = pushConstantRanges.data();
+        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(layouts.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount =
+            static_cast<std::uint32_t>(pushConstantRanges.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = pushConstantRanges.data();
 
-    if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(
+        if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(
             gfxDevice.getDevice(),
             &pipelineLayoutInfo,
             nullptr,
             &m_pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
-    {
-        throw std::runtime_error("Could not create mesh pipeline layout");
+        {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Could not create mesh pipeline layout");
+        }
+
+        {
+            PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+            Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+
+            pipelineConfig.name = "Mesh Depth Prepass Pipeline";
+            pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = m_pipelineLayout;
+
+            pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {};
+            pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {};
+
+            pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {};
+            pipelineConfig.colorBlendInfo.attachmentCount = 0;
+            pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = depthImageFormat;
+
+            m_depthPrepassPipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+                gfxDevice,
+                vertexShader.string(),
+                "",
+                pipelineConfig
+            );
+        }
+
+        {
+            PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+            Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+
+            pipelineConfig.name = "Mesh Pipeline";
+            pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = m_pipelineLayout;
+
+            pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {};
+            pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {};
+
+            pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {drawImageFormat};
+            pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = depthImageFormat;
+
+            // depth was already written by the pre-pass, only shade the visible surface
+            pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE;
+            pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL;
+
+            m_pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+                gfxDevice,
+                vertexShader.string(),
+                fragShader.string(),
+                pipelineConfig
+            );
+        }
     }
-
-    PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
-    Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
-
-    pipelineConfig.name = "Mesh Pipeline";
-    pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = m_pipelineLayout;
-
-    pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {};
-    pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {};
-
-    pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {drawImageFormat};
-    pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = depthImageFormat;
-
-        m_pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
-        gfxDevice,
-        vertexShader.string(),
-        fragShader.string(),
-        pipelineConfig
-        );
-    } catch (...) {
+    catch (...)
+    {
         cleanup(gfxDevice.getDevice());
         throw;
     }
 }
 
+void MeshPipeline::drawDepthPrepass(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+    const RenderResources& resources,
+    const Camera& camera,
+    const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+    const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+    const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands)
+{
+    if (!m_depthPrepassPipeline)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    drawMeshes(
+        cmd,
+        *m_depthPrepassPipeline,
+        renderExtent,
+        resources,
+        camera,
+        sceneDataBuffer,
+        drawCommands,
+        sortedDrawCommands);
+}
+
 void MeshPipeline::draw(
     VkCommandBuffer cmd,
     VkExtent2D renderExtent,
@@ -92,13 +148,35 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
     const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
     const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands)
 {
-    if (!m_pipeline) {
+    if (!m_pipeline)
+    {
         return;
     }
 
+    drawMeshes(
+        cmd,
+        *m_pipeline,
+        renderExtent,
+        resources,
+        camera,
+        sceneDataBuffer,
+        drawCommands,
+        sortedDrawCommands);
+}
+
+void MeshPipeline::drawMeshes(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    const Pipeline& pipeline,
+    VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+    const RenderResources& resources,
+    const Camera& camera,
+    const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+    const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+    const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands)
+{
     const MeshCache& meshCache = resources.meshes();
 
-    m_pipeline->bind(cmd);
+    pipeline.bind(cmd);
 
     resources.bindBindlessDescSet(cmd, m_pipelineLayout);
 
@@ -130,8 +208,10 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
 
     const auto frustum = edge::createFrustumFromCamera(camera);
 
-    const auto drawOne = [&](const MeshDrawCommand& dc) {
-        if (!edge::isInFrustum(frustum, dc.worldBoundingSphere)) {
+    const auto drawOne = [&](const MeshDrawCommand& dc)
+    {
+        if (!edge::isInFrustum(frustum, dc.worldBoundingSphere))
+        {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -139,7 +219,8 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
 
         const auto& mesh = meshCache.getMesh(dc.meshId);
 
-        if (dc.meshId != prevMeshId) {
+        if (dc.meshId != prevMeshId)
+        {
             prevMeshId = dc.meshId;
 
             vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(
@@ -156,9 +237,9 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
             .transform = dc.transformMatrix,
             .sceneDataBuffer = sceneDataBuffer.address,
             .vertexBuffer =
-                dc.skinnedMesh != nullptr
-                    ? dc.skinnedMesh->skinnedVertexBuffer.address
-                    : mesh.vertexBuffer.address,
+            dc.skinnedMesh != nullptr
+                ? dc.skinnedMesh->skinnedVertexBuffer.address
+                : mesh.vertexBuffer.address,
             .materialId = dc.materialId,
             .padding = 0,
         };
@@ -175,26 +256,30 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
         vkCmdDrawIndexed(cmd, mesh.numIndices, 1, 0, 0, 0);
     };
 
-    if (!sortedDrawCommands.empty()) {
-        for (std::size_t drawIndex : sortedDrawCommands) {
+    if (!sortedDrawCommands.empty())
+    {
+        for (std::size_t drawIndex : sortedDrawCommands)
+        {
             assert(drawIndex < drawCommands.size());
             drawOne(drawCommands[drawIndex]);
         }
-    } else {
-        for (const MeshDrawCommand& dc : drawCommands) {
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (const MeshDrawCommand& dc : drawCommands)
+        {
             drawOne(dc);
         }
     }
-
-    // Optional:
-    // spdlog::debug("Actual mesh draw calls: {}", actualDrawCalls);
 }
 
 void MeshPipeline::cleanup(VkDevice device)
 {
     m_pipeline.reset();
+    m_depthPrepassPipeline.reset();
 
-    if (m_pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    if (m_pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && device != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
         vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, m_pipelineLayout, nullptr);
     }
     m_pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GPUImage.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h>
+
+#include "volk.h"
+
+namespace {
+    constexpr std::size_t InitialQuadCapacity = 256;
+    constexpr std::size_t VerticesPerQuad = 4;
+    constexpr std::size_t IndicesPerQuad = 6;
+
+    glm::vec2 rotatePoint(const glm::vec2& point, float cosA, float sinA) {
+        return glm::vec2{
+            point.x * cosA - point.y * sinA,
+            point.x * sinA + point.y * cosA,
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, VkFormat drawImageFormat)
+{
+    try {
+        const std::size_t vertexBytes = InitialQuadCapacity * VerticesPerQuad * sizeof(QuadVertex);
+        vertexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+            vertexBytes,
+            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+            VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+
+        const std::size_t indexBytes = InitialQuadCapacity * IndicesPerQuad * sizeof(std::uint32_t);
+        indexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+            indexBytes,
+            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+            VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+
+        quadCapacity = InitialQuadCapacity;
+
+        const auto vertexShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/quad.vert");
+        const auto fragmentShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/quad.frag");
+
+        const auto pushConstantRange = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(glm::mat4),
+        };
+
+        const auto layouts = std::array{
+            resources.getBindlessDescSetLayout()
+        };
+
+        const auto pipelineLayoutInfo = VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+            .setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(layouts.size()),
+            .pSetLayouts = layouts.data(),
+            .pushConstantRangeCount = 1,
+            .pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstantRange,
+        };
+
+        VK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(
+            gfxDevice.getDevice(),
+            &pipelineLayoutInfo,
+            nullptr,
+            &pipelineLayout));
+
+        PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+        Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+        pipelineConfig.name = "Quad Rendering Pipeline";
+        pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout;
+        pipelineConfig.inputAssemblyInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
+        pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {drawImageFormat};
+        pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+
+        pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputBindingDescription{
+                .binding = 0,
+                .stride = sizeof(QuadVertex),
+                .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX,
+            }
+        };
+        pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 0,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, position),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 1,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, uv),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 2,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, color),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 3,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, textureId),
+            },
+        };
+
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_TRUE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+
+        pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+            gfxDevice,
+            vertexShader.string(),
+            fragmentShader.string(),
+            pipelineConfig);
+    } catch (...) {
+        cleanup(gfxDevice);
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::draw(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    RenderResources& resources,
+    const GPUImage& target,
+    const glm::mat4& projection)
+{
+    auto& quadManager = QuadRenderingManager::GetInstance();
+    const auto& quads = quadManager.GetQuads();
+    if (!pipeline || quads.empty()) {
+        quadManager.ClearQuads();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const std::size_t numQuads = quads.size();
+    if (numQuads > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / VerticesPerQuad) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many quads submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    const std::size_t numVertices = numQuads * VerticesPerQuad;
+    const std::size_t numIndices = numQuads * IndicesPerQuad;
+
+    if (numVertices > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many quad vertices submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    ensureCapacity(gfxDevice, numQuads);
+
+    const ImageID whiteTextureId = resources.getWhiteTextureID();
+
+    auto* vertexMapped = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(vertexBuffer.info.pMappedData);
+    auto* indexMapped = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(indexBuffer.info.pMappedData);
+
+    constexpr std::array<glm::vec2, 4> localCorners = {{
+        glm::vec2{-0.5f, -0.5f},
+        glm::vec2{ 0.5f, -0.5f},
+        glm::vec2{ 0.5f,  0.5f},
+        glm::vec2{-0.5f,  0.5f},
+    }};
+
+    constexpr std::array<glm::vec2, 4> uvs = {{
+        glm::vec2{0.0f, 1.0f},
+        glm::vec2{1.0f, 1.0f},
+        glm::vec2{1.0f, 0.0f},
+        glm::vec2{0.0f, 0.0f},
+    }};
+
+    auto* vertWrite = reinterpret_cast<QuadVertex*>(vertexMapped);
+    auto* idxWrite = reinterpret_cast<std::uint32_t*>(indexMapped);
+    std::uint32_t vertexBase = 0;
+
+    for (const auto& quad : quads) {
+        const float cosA = std::cos(quad.rotation);
+        const float sinA = std::sin(quad.rotation);
+        const glm::vec2 halfSize = quad.size * 0.5f;
+        const ImageID texId = (quad.textureId == NULL_IMAGE_ID) ? whiteTextureId : quad.textureId;
+
+        for (std::size_t v = 0; v < VerticesPerQuad; ++v) {
+            glm::vec2 localPos = localCorners[v] * halfSize;
+            glm::vec2 rotatedPos = rotatePoint(localPos, cosA, sinA);
+            glm::vec2 worldPos = quad.position + rotatedPos;
+
+            vertWrite[vertexBase + v] = QuadVertex{
+                .position = worldPos,
+                .uv = uvs[v],
+                .color = quad.color,
+                .textureId = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(texId),
+            };
+        }
+
+        const std::uint32_t idxOffset = vertexBase / 4 * 6;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 0] = vertexBase + 0;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 1] = vertexBase + 1;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 2] = vertexBase + 2;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 3] = vertexBase + 0;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 4] = vertexBase + 2;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 5] = vertexBase + 3;
+        vertexBase += VerticesPerQuad;
+    }
+
+    auto& memMgr = gfxDevice.getMemoryManager();
+    memMgr.flushAllocation(vertexBuffer, 0, numVertices * sizeof(QuadVertex));
+    memMgr.flushAllocation(indexBuffer, 0, numIndices * sizeof(std::uint32_t));
+
+    auto renderInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
+        .renderExtent = target.getExtent2D(),
+        .colorImageView = target.imageView,
+    });
+
+    vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &renderInfo.renderingInfo);
+
+    pipeline->bind(cmd);
+    resources.bindBindlessDescSet(cmd, pipelineLayout);
+
+    const auto viewport = VkViewport{
+        .x = 0.0f,
+        .y = 0.0f,
+        .width = static_cast<float>(target.extent.width),
+        .height = static_cast<float>(target.extent.height),
+        .minDepth = 0.0f,
+        .maxDepth = 1.0f,
+    };
+    vkCmdSetViewport(cmd, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+    const auto scissor = VkRect2D{
+        .offset = {},
+        .extent = target.getExtent2D(),
+    };
+    vkCmdSetScissor(cmd, 0, 1, &scissor);
+    vkCmdSetPolygonModeEXT(cmd, VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL);
+
+    vkCmdPushConstants(
+        cmd,
+        pipelineLayout,
+        VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+        0,
+        sizeof(glm::mat4),
+        &projection);
+
+    const VkBuffer vertexBufferHandle = vertexBuffer.buffer;
+    const VkDeviceSize vertexBufferOffset = 0;
+    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmd, 0, 1, &vertexBufferHandle, &vertexBufferOffset);
+
+    const VkBuffer indexBufferHandle = indexBuffer.buffer;
+    vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(cmd, indexBufferHandle, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
+
+    vkCmdDrawIndexed(cmd, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(numIndices), 1, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+    quadManager.ClearQuads();
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    pipeline.reset();
+
+    if (pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && gfxDevice.getDevice() != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(gfxDevice.getDevice(), pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    }
+    pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    if (vertexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+    }
+    if (indexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(indexBuffer);
+    }
+    quadCapacity = 0;
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::ensureCapacity(
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    std::size_t requiredQuads)
+{
+    if (requiredQuads <= quadCapacity) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t newCapacity = std::max(quadCapacity, InitialQuadCapacity);
+    while (newCapacity < requiredQuads) {
+        if (newCapacity > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / 2) {
+            newCapacity = requiredQuads;
+            break;
+        }
+        newCapacity *= 2;
+    }
+
+    gfxDevice.waitIdle();
+
+    if (vertexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+    }
+    vertexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+        newCapacity * VerticesPerQuad * sizeof(QuadVertex),
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+        VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+
+    if (indexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(indexBuffer);
+    }
+    indexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+        newCapacity * IndicesPerQuad * sizeof(std::uint32_t),
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+        VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+
+    quadCapacity = newCapacity;
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.cpp

@@ -119,14 +119,16 @@ void SkyboxPipeline::draw(
 
     const glm::mat3 r = glm::mat3(skyboxRotation);
 
+    // rotation only, translation in the inverse makes the sky jitter far from the origin
+    const glm::mat4 viewRotation = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(camera.GetViewMatrix()));
+
     const auto pcs = SkyboxPushConstants{
-        .invViewProj = glm::inverse(camera.GetViewProjectionMatrix()),
+        .invViewProj = glm::inverse(camera.GetProjectionMatrix() * viewRotation),
         .skyboxRot = {
             glm::vec4(r[0], 0.f),
             glm::vec4(r[1], 0.f),
             glm::vec4(r[2], 0.f)
         },
-        .cameraPos = camera.GetPosition(),
         .skyboxTextureId = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(skyboxTextureId),
     };
 

destrum/src/Graphics/RenderResources.cpp

@@ -266,10 +266,13 @@ const VkDescriptorSet& RenderResources::getBindlessDescSet() const {
     return imageCache->bindlessSetManager.getDescSet();
 }
 
-void RenderResources::bindBindlessDescSet(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkPipelineLayout layout) const {
+void RenderResources::bindBindlessDescSet(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    VkPipelineLayout layout,
+    VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint) const {
     vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(
         cmd,
-        VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+        bindPoint,
         layout,
         0,
         1,

destrum/src/Graphics/Renderer.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Renderer.h>
 
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <numeric>
 
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
 #include "volk.h"
 #include "destrum/Util/GameState.h"
 #include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
@@ -17,7 +21,8 @@ GameRenderer::GameRenderer()
 
 void GameRenderer::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& _resources, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
 {
-    try {
+    try
+    {
         resources = &_resources;
         sceneDataBuffer.init(
             gfxDevice,
@@ -36,9 +41,20 @@ void GameRenderer::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& _resources, glm::
         skinningPipeline = std::make_unique<SkinningPipeline>();
         skinningPipeline->init(gfxDevice);
 
+        lightCullingPipeline = std::make_unique<LightCullingPipeline>();
+        lightCullingPipeline->init(gfxDevice, _resources, drawImageSize);
+
+        lineRenderingPass = std::make_unique<LineRenderingPass>();
+        lineRenderingPass->init(gfxDevice, drawImageFormat);
+
+        quadRendererPass = std::make_unique<QuadRendererPass>();
+        quadRendererPass->init(gfxDevice, _resources, drawImageFormat);
+
         GameState::GetInstance().SetRenderer(this);
         initialized = true;
-    } catch (...) {
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
         cleanup(gfxDevice);
         throw;
     }
@@ -49,6 +65,8 @@ void GameRenderer::beginDrawing(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
     flushMaterialUpdates(gfxDevice);
     meshDrawCommands.clear();
     skinningPipeline->beginDrawing(gfxDevice.getCurrentFrameIndex());
+    lightCullingPipeline->beginDrawing(gfxDevice.getCurrentFrameIndex());
+    QuadRenderingManager::GetInstance().ClearQuads();
 }
 
 void GameRenderer::endDrawing()
@@ -59,13 +77,16 @@ void GameRenderer::endDrawing()
     std::stable_sort(
         sortedMeshDrawCommands.begin(),
         sortedMeshDrawCommands.end(),
-        [this](std::size_t left, std::size_t right) {
+        [this](std::size_t left, std::size_t right)
+        {
             const auto& lhs = meshDrawCommands[left];
             const auto& rhs = meshDrawCommands[right];
-            if (lhs.meshId != rhs.meshId) {
+            if (lhs.meshId != rhs.meshId)
+            {
                 return lhs.meshId < rhs.meshId;
             }
-            if (lhs.materialId != rhs.materialId) {
+            if (lhs.materialId != rhs.materialId)
+            {
                 return lhs.materialId < rhs.materialId;
             }
             return (lhs.skinnedMesh != nullptr) < (rhs.skinnedMesh != nullptr);
@@ -95,9 +116,17 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
         }
     }
 
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Lights Buffer Flush");
+
+        lightCullingPipeline->flushCurrentFrame(cmd, gfxDevice);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: there has to be a better way to do this
     const auto gpuSceneData = GPUSceneData{
         .view = sceneData.camera.GetViewMatrix(),
         .proj = sceneData.camera.GetProjectionMatrix(),
+        .invProj = glm::inverse(sceneData.camera.GetProjectionMatrix()),
         .viewProj = sceneData.camera.GetViewProjectionMatrix(),
         .cameraPos = glm::vec4{sceneData.camera.m_position, 1.f},
         .ambientColor = {sceneData.ambientColor},
@@ -105,6 +134,12 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
         .fogColor = {sceneData.fogColor},
         .fogDensity = sceneData.fogDensity,
         .materialsBuffer = resources->materials().getMaterialDataBufferAddress(),
+        .lightsBuffer = lightCullingPipeline->getLightsBufferAddress(),
+        .tileLightIndicesBuffer = lightCullingPipeline->getTileLightIndicesBufferAddress(),
+        .numLights = lightCullingPipeline->getNumLights(),
+        .tileCountX = lightCullingPipeline->getTileCount().x,
+        .debugLightHeatmap = renderLightHeatmap ? 1u : 0u,
+        .padding = 0,
     };
 
     {
@@ -154,12 +189,60 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
         depthImage.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
     }
 
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Depth Prepass");
+
+        auto depthPrepassInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
+            .renderExtent = drawImage.getExtent2D(),
+            .depthImageView = depthImage.imageView,
+            .depthImageClearValue = 1.f,
+        });
+        depthPrepassInfo.renderingInfo.pDepthAttachment = &depthPrepassInfo.depthAttachment;
+
+        vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &depthPrepassInfo.renderingInfo);
+
+        meshPipeline->drawDepthPrepass(
+            cmd,
+            drawImage.getExtent2D(),
+            *resources,
+            camera,
+            sceneDataBuffer.getBuffer(),
+            meshDrawCommands,
+            sortedMeshDrawCommands);
+
+        vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+    }
+
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Light Culling");
+
+        vkutil::transitionImage(
+            cmd,
+            depthImage.image,
+            depthImage.layout,
+            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+        depthImage.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+
+        lightCullingPipeline->cullLights(
+            cmd,
+            *resources,
+            sceneDataBuffer.getBuffer(),
+            depthImageId,
+            drawImage.getExtent2D());
+
+        vkutil::transitionImage(
+            cmd,
+            depthImage.image,
+            depthImage.layout,
+            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
+        depthImage.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
+    }
+
     auto renderInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
         .renderExtent = drawImage.getExtent2D(),
         .colorImageView = drawImage.imageView,
         .colorImageClearValue = glm::vec4{0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
         .depthImageView = depthImage.imageView,
-        .depthImageClearValue = 1.f,
     });
     renderInfo.renderingInfo.pColorAttachments = &renderInfo.colorAttachment;
     renderInfo.renderingInfo.pDepthAttachment = &renderInfo.depthAttachment;
@@ -194,20 +277,64 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
 
         vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
     }
+
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "LineRenderingPass::draw");
+
+        lineRenderingPass->draw(
+            cmd,
+            gfxDevice,
+            drawImage,
+            camera,
+            LineRenderingManager::GetInstance());
+    }
+
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "QuadRendererPass::draw");
+
+        quadRendererPass->draw(
+            cmd,
+            gfxDevice,
+            *resources,
+            drawImage,
+            glm::ortho(0.0f,
+                       static_cast<float>(drawImage.extent.width),
+                       static_cast<float>(drawImage.extent.height),
+                       0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f));
+    }
     // vkutil::cmdEndLabel(cmd);
 }
 
+void GameRenderer::drawQuads(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    const glm::mat4& projection)
+{
+    const auto& drawImage = resources->getImage(drawImageId);
+    quadRendererPass->draw(cmd, gfxDevice, *resources, drawImage, projection);
+}
+
 void GameRenderer::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
 {
     VkDevice device = gfxDevice.getDevice();
 
-    if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
         vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
     }
 
     if (skinningPipeline)
         skinningPipeline->cleanup(gfxDevice);
 
+    if (lineRenderingPass)
+        lineRenderingPass->cleanup(gfxDevice);
+
+    if (quadRendererPass)
+        quadRendererPass->cleanup(gfxDevice);
+
+    if (lightCullingPipeline)
+        lightCullingPipeline->cleanup(gfxDevice);
+
     if (skyboxPipeline)
         skyboxPipeline->cleanup(device);
 
@@ -228,6 +355,9 @@ void GameRenderer::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
     meshPipeline.reset();
     skyboxPipeline.reset();
     skinningPipeline.reset();
+    lineRenderingPass.reset();
+    quadRendererPass.reset();
+    lightCullingPipeline.reset();
     pendingMaterialUploads.clear();
     meshDrawCommands.clear();
     sortedMeshDrawCommands.clear();
@@ -270,6 +400,11 @@ void GameRenderer::drawSkinnedMesh(MeshID id,
     });
 }
 
+void GameRenderer::submitLight(const Light& light)
+{
+    lightCullingPipeline->appendLight(light);
+}
+
 const GPUImage& GameRenderer::getDrawImage() const
 {
     assert(resources);
@@ -296,7 +431,8 @@ void GameRenderer::setSkyboxTexture(ImageID skyboxImageId)
 
 void GameRenderer::flushMaterialUpdates(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
 {
-    if (!pendingMaterialUploads.empty()) {
+    if (!pendingMaterialUploads.empty())
+    {
         // Material data is currently shared by all frame contexts. Wait before
         // mutating it so an older in-flight frame cannot read the overwritten
         // range. This can later be replaced with per-frame material buffers.

destrum/src/Input/InputManager.cpp

@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ void InputManager::BeginFrame() {
 
     m_textInput.clear();
 
-    // Update mouse delta based on last known position
-    m_mouseDX = m_mouseX - m_prevMouseX;
-    m_mouseDY = m_mouseY - m_prevMouseY;
-    m_prevMouseX = m_mouseX;
-    m_prevMouseY = m_mouseY;
+    // Relative mouse accumulators are filled during SDL event processing
+    // and consumed by game code each frame. Reset them here (before events
+    // are processed) so this frame accumulates fresh deltas.
+    m_mouseRelDX = 0;
+    m_mouseRelDY = 0;
 
     // Clear controller "edge" sets + snapshot axes
     for (auto& [id, pad]: m_pads) {
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@ void InputManager::BeginFrame() {
     }
 }
 
+void InputManager::SetMouseCaptured(bool captured) {
+    if (captured == m_MouseCaptured) return;
+    m_MouseCaptured = captured;
+    SDL_SetRelativeMouseMode(captured ? SDL_TRUE : SDL_FALSE);
+}
+
 void InputManager::AddController(int deviceIndex) {
     if (!SDL_IsGameController(deviceIndex)) return;
 
@@ -134,6 +140,8 @@ bool InputManager::ProcessEvent(const SDL_Event& e) {
         case SDL_MOUSEMOTION: {
             m_mouseX = e.motion.x;
             m_mouseY = e.motion.y;
+            m_mouseRelDX += e.motion.xrel;
+            m_mouseRelDY += e.motion.yrel;
         }
         break;
 

destrum/src/Physics/JoltPhysicsWorld.cpp

@@ -26,9 +26,12 @@
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <glm/gtx/norm.hpp>
 
@@ -276,6 +279,84 @@ namespace
             throw std::runtime_error("Cannot create Jolt body without a valid shape.");
         }
     }
+
+    class SensorContactListener final : public ContactListener
+    {
+    public:
+        using BodyPair = std::pair<BodyID, BodyID>;
+
+        struct PairHash {
+            std::size_t operator()(const BodyPair& p) const {
+                return std::hash<uint32_t>{}(
+                    p.first.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber() ^
+                    (p.second.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber() << 7));
+            }
+        };
+
+        struct PairData {
+            GameObject* objA{nullptr};
+            GameObject* objB{nullptr};
+            bool sensorA{false};
+            bool sensorB{false};
+        };
+
+        ValidateResult OnContactValidate(const Body&, const Body&, RVec3Arg,
+                                         const CollideShapeResult&) override
+        {
+            return ValidateResult::AcceptAllContactsForThisBodyPair;
+        }
+
+        void OnContactAdded(const Body& body1, const Body& body2,
+                            const ContactManifold&, ContactSettings& ioSettings) override
+        {
+            if (body1.IsSensor() || body2.IsSensor())
+            {
+                PairData data;
+                data.objA = reinterpret_cast<GameObject*>(body1.GetUserData());
+                data.objB = reinterpret_cast<GameObject*>(body2.GetUserData());
+                data.sensorA = body1.IsSensor();
+                data.sensorB = body2.IsSensor();
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+                m_Overlaps.insert_or_assign(MakePair(body1.GetID(), body2.GetID()), data);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void OnContactPersisted(const Body& body1, const Body& body2,
+                                const ContactManifold&, ContactSettings&) override
+        {
+        }
+
+        void OnContactRemoved(const SubShapeIDPair& subShapePair) override
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+            m_Overlaps.erase(MakePair(subShapePair.GetBody1ID(), subShapePair.GetBody2ID()));
+        }
+
+        void Clear()
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+            m_Overlaps.clear();
+        }
+
+        std::unordered_map<BodyPair, PairData, PairHash> SwapOverlaps()
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+            return std::move(m_Overlaps);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        static BodyPair MakePair(BodyID a, BodyID b)
+        {
+            if (a.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber() < b.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber())
+            {
+                return {a, b};
+            }
+            return {b, a};
+        }
+
+        std::mutex m_Mutex;
+        std::unordered_map<BodyPair, PairData, PairHash> m_Overlaps;
+    };
 } // namespace
 
 class JoltPhysicsWorld::Impl
@@ -307,6 +388,7 @@ public:
             m_ObjectVsBroadPhaseLayerFilter,
             m_ObjectLayerPairFilter);
 
+        m_PhysicsSystem.SetContactListener(&m_SensorListener);
         m_PhysicsSystem.SetGravity(ToJoltVec3(settings.gravity));
     }
 
@@ -426,6 +508,15 @@ public:
             collisionSteps,
             m_TempAllocator.get(),
             m_JobSystem.get());
+
+        ProcessSensorOverlaps();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TriggerEvent> ConsumeTriggerEvents()
+    {
+        std::vector<TriggerEvent> events;
+        m_TriggerEvents.swap(events);
+        return events;
     }
 
     void SyncKinematicBodiesToPhysics()
@@ -626,6 +717,43 @@ private:
         return {};
     }
 
+    void ProcessSensorOverlaps()
+    {
+        const auto currentOverlaps = m_SensorListener.SwapOverlaps();
+
+        for (const auto& [pair, data] : currentOverlaps)
+        {
+            if (m_PreviousSensorOverlaps.find(pair) == m_PreviousSensorOverlaps.end())
+            {
+                if (data.sensorA && data.objA)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objA, data.objB, true});
+                }
+                if (data.sensorB && data.objB)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objB, data.objA, true});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& [pair, data] : m_PreviousSensorOverlaps)
+        {
+            if (currentOverlaps.find(pair) == currentOverlaps.end())
+            {
+                if (data.sensorA && data.objA)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objA, data.objB, false});
+                }
+                if (data.sensorB && data.objB)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objB, data.objA, false});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_PreviousSensorOverlaps = std::move(currentOverlaps);
+    }
+
     Settings m_Settings{};
 
     BPLayerInterfaceImpl m_BPLayerInterface{};
@@ -639,6 +767,10 @@ private:
 
     std::unordered_map<std::uint32_t, BodyRecord> m_Bodies;
     std::uint32_t m_NextHandle{0};
+
+    SensorContactListener m_SensorListener;
+    std::unordered_map<SensorContactListener::BodyPair, SensorContactListener::PairData, SensorContactListener::PairHash> m_PreviousSensorOverlaps;
+    std::vector<TriggerEvent> m_TriggerEvents;
 };
 
 JoltPhysicsWorld::JoltPhysicsWorld(const Settings& settings)
@@ -710,3 +842,8 @@ bool JoltPhysicsWorld::Raycast(const glm::vec3& origin,
 {
     return m_Impl->Raycast(origin, direction, maxDistance, hit);
 }
+
+std::vector<TriggerEvent> JoltPhysicsWorld::ConsumeTriggerEvents()
+{
+    return m_Impl->ConsumeTriggerEvents();
+}

destrum/src/Physics/PhysicsSceneBridge.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <destrum/Physics/PhysicsSceneBridge.h>
 
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
 
 PhysicsSceneBridge::PhysicsSceneBridge(std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> world)
@@ -8,14 +9,16 @@ PhysicsSceneBridge::PhysicsSceneBridge(std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> world)
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::RegisterGameObject(GameObject& object) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     if (auto* rb = object.GetComponent<Rigidbody>()) {
-        if (!rb->HasPhysicsBody() || rb->GetPhysicsWorld() != &GetWorld()) {
+        if (!rb->HasPhysicsBody() || rb->GetPhysicsWorld() != m_World.get()) {
             m_World->RegisterRigidbody(*rb);
         }
     }
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::UnregisterGameObject(GameObject& object) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     if (auto* rb = object.GetComponent<Rigidbody>()) {
         if (rb->GetPhysicsWorld() == m_World.get()) {
             m_World->UnregisterRigidbody(*rb);
@@ -24,13 +27,29 @@ void PhysicsSceneBridge::UnregisterGameObject(GameObject& object) {
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::RefreshGameObject(GameObject& object) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     if (auto* rb = object.GetComponent<Rigidbody>()) {
         m_World->RefreshRigidbody(*rb);
     }
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::FixedUpdate(float fixedDt) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     m_World->SyncKinematicBodiesToPhysics();
     m_World->Step(fixedDt);
+
+    for (const auto& event : m_World->ConsumeTriggerEvents()) {
+        if (event.owner == nullptr) continue;
+        for (const auto& component : event.owner->GetComponents()) {
+            if (component && !component->IsBeingDestroyed() && component->isEnabled()) {
+                if (event.entered) {
+                    component->OnTriggerEnter(event.other);
+                } else {
+                    component->OnTriggerExit(event.other);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     m_World->SyncDynamicBodiesToTransforms();
 }

destrum/src/Scene/Scene.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@ namespace {
 }
 
 Scene::Scene(const std::string& name)
-    : m_name(name),
+    : Scene(name, std::make_unique<JoltPhysicsWorld>()) {
+}
+
+Scene::Scene(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> physicsWorld)
+    : m_Physics(std::move(physicsWorld)),
+      m_name(name),
       m_id(++m_idCounter) {
 }
 

destrum/src/Scene/SceneManager.cpp

@@ -8,50 +8,40 @@
 #include <destrum/Util/DeltaTime.h>
 
 Scene& SceneManager::GetCurrentScene() const {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) {
-        throw std::out_of_range("No scenes are available");
+    if (m_activeScenes.empty()) {
+        throw std::out_of_range("No active scenes are available");
     }
-
-    if (m_ActiveSceneIndex < 0 || m_ActiveSceneIndex >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
-        throw std::out_of_range("Active scene index is invalid");
-    }
-
-    return *m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)];
+    return *m_activeScenes.front();
 }
 
 void SceneManager::Update(float dt) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
-    scene->Update(dt);
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->Update(dt);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::FixedUpdate(float dt) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
-    scene->FixedUpdate(dt);
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->FixedUpdate(dt);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::LateUpdate(float dt) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
-    scene->LateUpdate(dt);
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->LateUpdate(dt);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::Render(const RenderContext& ctx) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
-    scene->Render(ctx);
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->Render(ctx);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::RenderImgui() {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
-    scene->RenderImgui();
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->RenderImgui();
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::HandleGameObjectDestroy() {
@@ -61,7 +51,7 @@ void SceneManager::HandleGameObjectDestroy() {
 }
 
 void SceneManager::DestroyGameObjects() {
-    for (const auto& scene: m_scenes) {
+    for (const auto& scene : m_scenes) {
         scene->DestroyGameObjects();
     }
 }
@@ -73,37 +63,22 @@ void SceneManager::UnloadAllScenes() {
 }
 
 void SceneManager::HandleSceneDestroy() {
-    const std::shared_ptr<Scene> activeScene =
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex >= 0 &&
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex < static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())
-            ? m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)]
-            : nullptr;
-
     for (auto it = m_scenes.begin(); it != m_scenes.end();) {
         if ((*it)->IsBeingUnloaded()) {
+            const auto activeIt = std::find(m_activeScenes.begin(), m_activeScenes.end(), *it);
+            if (activeIt != m_activeScenes.end()) {
+                m_activeScenes.erase(activeIt);
+            }
             it = m_scenes.erase(it);
         } else {
             ++it;
         }
     }
 
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) {
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex = 0;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (activeScene != nullptr) {
-        const auto activeIt = std::find(m_scenes.begin(), m_scenes.end(), activeScene);
-        if (activeIt != m_scenes.end()) {
-            m_ActiveSceneIndex = static_cast<int>(std::distance(m_scenes.begin(), activeIt));
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    m_ActiveSceneIndex = std::clamp(
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex,
-        0,
-        static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size()) - 1);
+    // Remove any stale active scenes that are no longer in the scene list.
+    std::erase_if(m_activeScenes, [this](const auto& scene) {
+        return std::find(m_scenes.begin(), m_scenes.end(), scene) == m_scenes.end();
+    });
 }
 
 void SceneManager::HandleScene() {
@@ -113,7 +88,6 @@ void SceneManager::HandleScene() {
 
 void SceneManager::Destroy() {
     if (m_scenes.empty()) {
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex = 0;
         return;
     }
 
@@ -124,25 +98,60 @@ void SceneManager::Destroy() {
 }
 
 void SceneManager::SwitchScene(int index) {
-    // InputManager::GetInstance().RemoveAllBindings();
-
     if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
         throw std::out_of_range("Scene index out of range");
     }
-    if (index == m_ActiveSceneIndex) {
-        return;
-    }
 
-    m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)]->UnloadBindings();
-    m_ActiveSceneIndex = index;
-    m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)]->LoadBindings();
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->UnloadBindings();
+    }
+    m_activeScenes.clear();
+    m_activeScenes.push_back(m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)]);
+    m_activeScenes.back()->LoadBindings();
 }
 
-Scene &SceneManager::CreateScene(const std::string &name) {
+void SceneManager::AddActiveScene(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
+        throw std::out_of_range("Scene index out of range");
+    }
+
+    const auto& scene = m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)];
+    if (std::find(m_activeScenes.begin(), m_activeScenes.end(), scene) == m_activeScenes.end()) {
+        scene->LoadBindings();
+        m_activeScenes.push_back(scene);
+    }
+}
+
+void SceneManager::RemoveActiveScene(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
+        throw std::out_of_range("Scene index out of range");
+    }
+
+    const auto& scene = m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)];
+    const auto it = std::find(m_activeScenes.begin(), m_activeScenes.end(), scene);
+    if (it != m_activeScenes.end()) {
+        (*it)->UnloadBindings();
+        m_activeScenes.erase(it);
+    }
+}
+
+int SceneManager::GetActiveSceneId() const {
+    if (m_scenes.empty() || m_activeScenes.empty()) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    const auto it = std::find(m_scenes.begin(), m_scenes.end(), m_activeScenes.front());
+    if (it == m_scenes.end()) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(std::distance(m_scenes.begin(), it));
+}
+
+Scene& SceneManager::CreateScene(const std::string& name) {
     const auto scene = std::shared_ptr<Scene>(new Scene(name));
     m_scenes.push_back(scene);
     if (m_scenes.size() == 1) {
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex = 0;
+        m_activeScenes.push_back(scene);
     }
     return *scene;
 }

destrum/src/Serialization/SceneSerializer.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/ObjectId.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/Transform.h>
+#include <destrum/Assets/AssetReference.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/Collider.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
 #include <destrum/Serialization/ComponentFactory.h>
 #include <destrum/Serialization/ComponentRegistry.h>
 
@@ -201,6 +203,78 @@ namespace {
 
         return true;
     }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool AssetFileExists(const std::string& path) {
+        if (path.empty()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        std::filesystem::path fullPath;
+        if (path.find("://") != std::string::npos) {
+            try {
+                fullPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath(path);
+            } catch (const std::exception&) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            fullPath = path;
+        }
+
+        return std::filesystem::exists(fullPath);
+    }
+
+    void ValidateAssetReferences(const json& root, const std::filesystem::path& scenePath) {
+        const auto report = [&](const std::string& objectName, const std::string& detail) {
+            std::cerr << "Scene asset warning (" << scenePath << "): " << objectName
+                      << " references \"" << detail << "\" which could not be found\n";
+        };
+
+        for (const auto& objectJson : root.at("objects")) {
+            const std::string objectName = objectJson.value("name", "GameObject");
+            if (!objectJson.contains("components")) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (const auto& componentJson : objectJson.at("components")) {
+                if (!componentJson.contains("data")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const auto& data = componentJson.at("data");
+
+                // MeshRendererComponent: meshKey / materialKey are asset cache keys.
+                for (const char* key : {"meshKey", "materialKey"}) {
+                    if (data.contains(key) && data.at(key).is_string()) {
+                        const std::string cacheKey = data.at(key).get<std::string>();
+                        if (cacheKey.empty()) continue;
+                        const auto asset = AssetReference::fromCacheKey(cacheKey);
+                        if (asset && !AssetFileExists(asset->path)) {
+                            report(objectName, cacheKey);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Generic: any nested object with a "path" field is an AssetReference.
+                std::function<void(const json&)> walk = [&](const json& node) {
+                    if (node.is_object()) {
+                        if (node.contains("path") && node.at("path").is_string()) {
+                            const std::string path = node.at("path").get<std::string>();
+                            if (!path.empty() && !AssetFileExists(path)) {
+                                report(objectName, path);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        for (auto it = node.begin(); it != node.end(); ++it) {
+                            walk(it.value());
+                        }
+                    } else if (node.is_array()) {
+                        for (const auto& element : node) {
+                            walk(element);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                walk(data);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 bool SceneSerializer::Save(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
@@ -290,30 +364,45 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Save(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+SceneSerializer::LoadResult SceneSerializer::LoadSceneFile(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    LoadResult result;
+
+    std::ifstream file(path);
+    if (!file.is_open()) {
+        result.errorMessage = "Failed to open scene file for reading: " + path.string();
+        std::cerr << result.errorMessage << '\n';
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        file >> result.root;
+        if (!ValidateSceneJson(result.root)) {
+            result.errorMessage = "Invalid scene data: " + path.string();
+            std::cerr << result.errorMessage << '\n';
+            return result;
+        }
+    } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
+        result.errorMessage = "Failed to parse scene file: " + std::string(exception.what());
+        std::cerr << result.errorMessage << '\n';
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    ValidateAssetReferences(result.root, path);
+    result.success = true;
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool SceneSerializer::ConstructScene(Scene& scene, LoadResult& result,
+                                     std::function<void(float)> progressCallback) {
     if (scene.IsIterating()) {
         std::cerr << "Cannot load a scene during an update or render phase: "
                   << scene.GetName() << '\n';
         return false;
     }
 
-    RegisterEngineComponents();
-
-    std::ifstream file(path);
-    if (!file.is_open()) {
-        std::cerr << "Failed to open scene file for reading: " << path << '\n';
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    json root;
-    try {
-        file >> root;
-        if (!ValidateSceneJson(root)) {
-            std::cerr << "Invalid scene data: " << path << '\n';
-            return false;
-        }
-    } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
-        std::cerr << "Failed to parse scene file: " << exception.what() << '\n';
+    if (!result.success) {
+        std::cerr << "Cannot construct scene from a failed load result: "
+                  << result.errorMessage << '\n';
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -322,9 +411,16 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    RegisterEngineComponents();
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.35f);
+
+    const json& root = result.root;
+
     // Build the replacement separately. The current scene is not touched
     // until all objects, transforms, and components have loaded successfully.
-    Scene stagingScene(scene.GetName());
+    // No physics world is created for the staging scene - physics bodies are
+    // registered directly in the live scene's world once loading succeeds.
+    Scene stagingScene(scene.GetName(), nullptr);
     std::unordered_map<ObjectId, GameObject*> idMap;
     std::vector<const json*> objectJsonList;
     std::vector<GameObject*> registeredObjects;
@@ -343,7 +439,16 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             objectJsonList.push_back(&objectJson);
         }
 
-        stagingScene.CommitPendingAdditions();
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.4f);
+
+        // Move objects from pending to objects list without physics registration
+        // (staging scene has no physics world).
+        for (auto& pending : stagingScene.m_pendingAdditions) {
+            if (pending) {
+                stagingScene.m_objects.emplace_back(std::move(pending));
+            }
+        }
+        stagingScene.m_pendingAdditions.clear();
 
         for (const json* objectJson : objectJsonList) {
             const ObjectId id = objectJson->at("id").get<ObjectId>();
@@ -392,6 +497,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             }
         }
 
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.5f);
+
         for (const json* objectJson : objectJsonList) {
             GameObject* object = idMap.at(objectJson->at("id").get<ObjectId>());
             if (!objectJson->contains("components")) {
@@ -412,6 +519,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             }
         }
 
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.6f);
+
         for (const auto& objectPtr : stagingScene.GetObjects()) {
             if (!objectPtr) {
                 continue;
@@ -424,6 +533,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             }
         }
 
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.7f);
+
         // Register the replacement bodies in the live physics world before
         // touching the current scene. If any body fails, the old scene and
         // its physics state can remain intact.
@@ -438,6 +549,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
                 registeredObjects.push_back(objectPtr.get());
             }
         }
+
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.8f);
     } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
         std::cerr << "Failed to load scene: " << exception.what() << '\n';
         for (GameObject* object : registeredObjects) {
@@ -449,6 +562,7 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    scene.UnloadBindings();
     scene.RemoveAll();
     scene.m_objects = std::move(stagingScene.m_objects);
     scene.m_pendingAdditions = std::move(stagingScene.m_pendingAdditions);
@@ -456,6 +570,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         scene.m_name = root.at("name").get<std::string>();
     }
 
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.9f);
+
     for (const auto& object : scene.m_objects) {
         if (object) {
             object->SetScene(&scene);
@@ -467,5 +583,27 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         }
     }
 
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(1.0f);
     return true;
 }
+
+bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path,
+                           std::function<void(float)> progressCallback) {
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.0f);
+
+    auto result = LoadSceneFile(path);
+    if (!result.success) {
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(1.0f);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.3f);
+    return ConstructScene(scene, result, std::move(progressCallback));
+}
+
+std::future<SceneSerializer::LoadResult> SceneSerializer::LoadSceneFileAsync(
+    const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    return std::async(std::launch::async, [path]() {
+        return LoadSceneFile(path);
+    });
+}

lightkeeper/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ set(GAME_SRC
     src/main.cpp
 
     src/Lightkeeper.cpp
+
+    src/components/GameComponentRegistry.cpp
+    src/components/FirstPersonController.cpp
+    src/components/PrintComponent.cpp
+    src/components/TriggerLoggerComponent.cpp
 )
 
 add_executable(lightkeeper ${GAME_SRC})

lightkeeper/include/Lightkeeper.h

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 #ifndef LIGHTKEEPER_H
 #define LIGHTKEEPER_H
 
-#include <random>
-#include <vector>
+#include <string>
 
 #include <destrum/App.h>
+#include <destrum/Scene/SceneManager.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h>
 
 #include "destrum/Graphics/Resources/Cubemap.h"
 #include "destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h"
 
+class FirstPersonController;
 class LightKeeper final : public App {
 public:
     LightKeeper();
@@ -23,33 +24,31 @@ public:
     void onWindowResize(int newWidth, int newHeight) override;
 
 private:
-    struct FallingStar {
-        GameObject* object{};
-        float speed{};
-    };
-
-    void resetGame();
-    void respawnStar(FallingStar& star, float minimumHeight);
-    void drawHud();
+    void drawDebugMenuBar();
+    void saveCurrentScene();
+    void loadScene();
+    void createEmptyScene();
+    void submitBoxColliderDebugLines();
 
     Camera camera{glm::vec3(0.f, 0.f, -5.f), glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)};
 
-    MeshID sphereMesh{NULL_MESH_ID};
-    MaterialID playerMaterial{NULL_MATERIAL_ID};
-    MaterialID starMaterial{NULL_MATERIAL_ID};
+    MeshID sphereMesh;
+    MaterialID sphereMaterial;
+
+    ImageID texID;
 
     std::unique_ptr<CubeMap> skyboxCubemap;
 
-    GameObject* player{nullptr};
-    std::vector<FallingStar> stars;
-    std::mt19937 randomEngine{0xD35A1234u};
-    std::uniform_real_distribution<float> spawnX{-5.5f, 5.5f};
-    std::uniform_real_distribution<float> spawnHeight{0.0f, 2.0f};
-    std::uniform_real_distribution<float> spawnSpeed{2.8f, 4.2f};
+    GameObject* capybara = nullptr;
+    GameObject* m_Player = nullptr;
+    FirstPersonController* m_FPSController = nullptr;
 
-    int score{0};
-    int misses{0};
-    bool gameOver{false};
+    char scenePath[512]{"scenes/debug_scene.json"};
+    char newSceneName[128]{"EmptyScene"};
+    std::string sceneStatus;
+    bool renderBoxColliders{false};
+    bool renderQuads{true};
+    bool renderDebugLines{true};
 };
 
 #endif //LIGHTKEEPER_H

lightkeeper/include/components/FirstPersonController.h

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTKEEPER_FIRSTPERSONCONTROLLER_H
+#define LIGHTKEEPER_FIRSTPERSONCONTROLLER_H
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <destrum/Input/InputManager.h>
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h>
+
+class Rigidbody;
+class CapsuleCollider;
+
+class FirstPersonController final : public Component {
+public:
+    explicit FirstPersonController(GameObject& parent);
+
+    std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "FirstPersonController"; }
+
+    void Start() override;
+    void Update(float dt) override;
+    void FixedUpdate(float fixedDt) override;
+    void ImGuiInspector() override;
+    nlohmann::json Serialize() const override;
+    void Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) override;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetYaw() const { return m_Yaw; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetPitch() const { return m_Pitch; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetEyeHeight() const { return m_EyeHeight; }
+
+    void SetMovementSpeed(float speed) { m_MovementSpeed = speed; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetMovementSpeed() const { return m_MovementSpeed; }
+
+    void SetMouseSensitivity(float sens) { m_MouseSensitivity = sens; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetMouseSensitivity() const { return m_MouseSensitivity; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsMouseCaptured() const { return InputManager::GetInstance().IsMouseCaptured(); }
+    void SetMouseCaptured(bool captured);
+
+private:
+    Rigidbody* m_Rigidbody{nullptr};
+    CapsuleCollider* m_Capsule{nullptr};
+
+    float m_Yaw{0.0f};
+    float m_Pitch{0.0f};
+    float m_MovementSpeed{5.0f};
+    float m_MouseSensitivity{0.002f};
+    float m_EyeHeight{1.6f};
+};
+
+#endif

lightkeeper/include/components/GameComponentList.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTKEEPER_GAMECOMPONENTLIST_H
+#define LIGHTKEEPER_GAMECOMPONENTLIST_H
+
+#include <components/FirstPersonController.h>
+#include <components/PrintComponent.h>
+#include <components/TriggerLoggerComponent.h>
+
+#define LIGHTKEEPER_GAME_COMPONENTS(X) \
+    X(FirstPersonController) \
+    X(PrintComponent) \
+    X(TriggerLoggerComponent)
+
+#endif // LIGHTKEEPER_GAMECOMPONENTLIST_H

lightkeeper/include/components/GameComponentRegistry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTKEEPER_GAMECOMPONENTREGISTRY_H
+#define LIGHTKEEPER_GAMECOMPONENTREGISTRY_H
+
+void RegisterGameComponents();
+
+#endif // LIGHTKEEPER_GAMECOMPONENTREGISTRY_H

lightkeeper/include/components/PrintComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_PRINTCOMPONENT_H
+#define DESTRUM_PRINTCOMPONENT_H
+#include "destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h"
+
+class PrintComponent: public Component {
+public:
+
+    PrintComponent(GameObject& parent);
+
+    std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "PrintComponent"; }
+    void Start() override;
+    void Update(float dt) override;
+    void ImGuiInspector() override;
+    nlohmann::json Serialize() const override;
+    void Deserialize(const nlohmann::json&) override;
+
+    void SetMessage(std::string_view message)
+    {
+        m_message = message;
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    std::string m_message{};
+
+};
+
+#endif //DESTRUM_PRINTCOMPONENT_H

lightkeeper/include/components/TriggerLoggerComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_TRIGGERLOGGERCOMPONENT_H
+#define DESTRUM_TRIGGERLOGGERCOMPONENT_H
+#include "destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h"
+
+class TriggerLoggerComponent: public Component {
+public:
+    TriggerLoggerComponent(GameObject& parent);
+
+    std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "TriggerLoggerComponent"; }
+
+    void OnTriggerEnter(GameObject* other) override;
+    void OnTriggerExit(GameObject* other) override;
+
+    nlohmann::json Serialize() const override;
+    void Deserialize(const nlohmann::json&) override;
+
+    int triggerEnterCount{0};
+    int triggerExitCount{0};
+    std::string lastOtherName;
+};
+
+#endif //DESTRUM_TRIGGERLOGGERCOMPONENT_H

lightkeeper/src/Lightkeeper.cpp

@@ -1,35 +1,62 @@
 #include "Lightkeeper.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
 #include <cmath>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <SDL.h>
-#include <glm/gtc/constants.hpp>
-#include <glm/gtx/transform.hpp>
-#include <imgui.h>
-
-#include <destrum/Assets/AssetManager.h>
-#include <destrum/Components/MeshRendererComponent.h>
 #include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
-#include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
-#include <destrum/Scene/Scene.h>
-#include <destrum/Scene/SceneManager.h>
-#include <destrum/Util/ModelDoc.h>
-#include <destrum/Util/ModelDocUtils.h>
-
+#include <destrum/Assets/AssetManager.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h>
+#include "glm/gtc/constants.hpp"
+#include "glm/gtx/transform.hpp"
 #include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+#include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/Physics/BoxCollider.h>
+#include <destrum/Scene/Scene.h>
+#include <destrum/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h>
+
+#include "destrum/Components/MeshRendererComponent.h"
+#include "destrum/Components/Rotator.h"
+#include "destrum/Components/Spinner.h"
+#include "destrum/Components/OrbitAndSpin.h"
+#include "destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h"
+#include "destrum/Util/ModelDoc.h"
+#include "destrum/Components/Animator.h"
+#include "destrum/Components/LightComponent.h"
+#include <components/FirstPersonController.h>
+#include <components/TriggerLoggerComponent.h>
+
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "components/GameComponentRegistry.h"
+#include "components/PrintComponent.h"
+#include "destrum/Components/Physics/SphereCollider.h"
+#include "destrum/Util/ModelDocUtils.h"
 
 namespace {
-    constexpr int kStarCount = 3;
-    constexpr int kMaxMisses = 3;
-    constexpr float kPlayerY = -5.0f;
-    constexpr float kCatchY = -4.25f;
-    constexpr float kPlayerSpeed = 7.0f;
-    constexpr float kPlayerHalfWidth = 1.15f;
+    std::filesystem::path ResolveScenePath(
+        std::string_view value,
+        const std::filesystem::path& exeDir) {
+        if (value.empty()) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument("Scene path cannot be empty");
+        }
+
+        if (value.find("://") != std::string_view::npos) {
+            return AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath(value);
+        }
+
+        const std::filesystem::path path{value};
+        return path.is_absolute() ? path : exeDir / path;
+    }
 }
 
-LightKeeper::LightKeeper() = default;
+LightKeeper::LightKeeper() : App()
+{
+}
 
 LightKeeper::~LightKeeper()
 {
@@ -43,185 +70,653 @@ LightKeeper::~LightKeeper()
 
 void LightKeeper::customInit()
 {
+    RegisterGameComponents();
+
     resources.init(gfxDevice);
     renderer.init(gfxDevice, resources, m_params.renderSize);
 
-    camera.m_position = glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, -10.0f};
-    camera.SetRotation(glm::radians(90.0f), 0.0f);
-    camera.setAspectRatio(
-        static_cast<float>(m_params.renderSize.x) /
-        static_cast<float>(m_params.renderSize.y));
+    const float aspectRatio = static_cast<float>(m_params.renderSize.x) / static_cast<float>(m_params.renderSize.y);
+    camera.setAspectRatio(aspectRatio);
 
-    const auto skyboxID =
-        AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("game://starmap_2020_4k.exr");
-    const auto vertShaderPath =
-        AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/cubemap.vert");
-    const auto fragShaderPath =
-        AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/cubemap.frag");
+    ModelDoc::LoadOptions staticModelOptions{};
+    staticModelOptions.meshImportMode = ModelDoc::MeshImportMode::MergedPerNode;
+    staticModelOptions.loadMaterials = true;
+    staticModelOptions.loadSkeleton = false;
+    staticModelOptions.loadAnimations = false;
 
+    camera.SetRotation(glm::radians(glm::vec2(90.f, 0.f)));
+
+    auto& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("Main");
+
+    // scene.Add(testCube);
+
+    // const auto skyboxID = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://textures/skybox.jpg");
+    // const auto skyboxID = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://textures/mars.jpg");
+    const auto skyboxID = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("game://starmap_2020_4k.exr");
+    //
+    // const auto skyboxID = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://textures/test-skybox.png");
+    //
+    const auto vertShaderPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/cubemap.vert");
+    const auto fragShaderPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/cubemap.frag");
+    //
     skyboxCubemap = std::make_unique<CubeMap>();
-    skyboxCubemap->LoadCubeMap(gfxDevice, resources, skyboxID);
-    skyboxCubemap->InitCubemapPipeline(
-        gfxDevice,
-        resources,
-        vertShaderPath.generic_string(),
-        fragShaderPath.generic_string());
+    skyboxCubemap->LoadCubeMap(gfxDevice, resources, skyboxID.generic_string());
+    skyboxCubemap->InitCubemapPipeline(gfxDevice, resources, vertShaderPath.generic_string(), fragShaderPath.generic_string());
     skyboxCubemap->CreateCubeMap(gfxDevice, resources);
+
     renderer.setSkyboxTexture(skyboxCubemap->GetCubeMapImageID());
 
-    ModelDoc::LoadOptions modelOptions{};
-    modelOptions.meshImportMode = ModelDoc::MeshImportMode::MergedPerNode;
-    modelOptions.loadMaterials = true;
-    modelOptions.loadSkeleton = false;
-    modelOptions.loadAnimations = false;
+    const auto planeObj = scene.CreateGameObject("GroundPlane");
+    const auto planeMeshComp = planeObj->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
 
-    const auto sphereModel = AssetManager::GetInstance().LoadModel(
-        "engine://sphere.fbx",
-        modelOptions);
-    const auto& spherePrimitive = ModelDocUtils::GetFirstPrimitiveOrThrow(
-        sphereModel,
-        "engine://sphere.fbx");
+    auto planeModel = ModelDoc::LoadModel(
+        AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("game://plane.glb").generic_string(),
+        staticModelOptions
+    );
+    ModelDocUtils::LogModelDocSummary(planeModel, "plane.glb");
+
+    const auto& planePrimitive = ModelDocUtils::GetFirstPrimitiveOrThrow(planeModel, "game://plane.glb");
+    const auto planeMeshID = resources.meshes().addMesh(gfxDevice, planePrimitive.mesh);
+
+    const auto planeTexturePath = ModelDocUtils::PickTexturePath(
+        planeModel,
+        planePrimitive,
+        AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("game://grass.png")
+    );
+
+    const auto planeTextureID = resources.loadImageFromFile(gfxDevice, planeTexturePath);
+    const auto planeMaterialID = resources.materials().addMaterial({
+                                                               .baseColor = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedBaseColor(
+                                                                   planeModel, planePrimitive),
+                                                               .textureFilteringMode = TextureFilteringMode::Nearest,
+                                                               .diffuseTexture = planeTextureID,
+                                                               .name = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedMaterialName(
+                                                                   planeModel, planePrimitive, "GroundPlaneMaterial"),
+                                                           });
+
+    planeMeshComp->SetMeshID(planeMeshID);
+    planeMeshComp->SetMaterialID(planeMaterialID);
+    planeObj->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(0.f, -1.0f, 0.f));
+    planeObj->GetTransform().SetWorldScale(glm::vec3(10.f, 1.f, 10.f));
+    planeObj->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{10.0f, 0.5f, 10.0f});
+
+    auto* floorRb = planeObj->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+    floorRb->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);
+    scene.GetPhysics().RegisterGameObject(*planeObj);
+
+    const auto CharObj = scene.CreateGameObject("Character");
+    capybara = CharObj;
+
+    ModelDoc::LoadOptions characterModelOptions{};
+    characterModelOptions.meshImportMode = ModelDoc::MeshImportMode::MergedPerNode;
+    characterModelOptions.loadMaterials = true;
+    characterModelOptions.loadSkeleton = true;
+    characterModelOptions.loadAnimations = true;
+
+    // auto charModel = ModelDoc::LoadModel(
+    //     AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://cotw-capybara-male/source/capybara.fbx").generic_string(),
+    //     characterModelOptions
+    // );
+    // ModelDocUtils::LogModelDocSummary(charModel, "capybara.fbx");
+    //
+    // const auto& charPrimitive = ModelDocUtils::GetFirstSkinnedPrimitiveOrFirstOrThrow(
+    //     charModel,
+    //     "engine://cotw-capybara-male/source/capybara.fbx"
+    // );
+    //
+    // const auto charMeshID = resources.meshes().addMesh(gfxDevice, charPrimitive.mesh);
+    //
+    // const auto charTexturePath = ModelDocUtils::PickTexturePath(
+    //     charModel,
+    //     charPrimitive,
+    //     AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath(
+    //         "engine://cotw-capybara-male/textures/capybara_male_light_brown_dif.ddsc.DECA.RE.pngballs")
+    // );
+    //
+    // const auto charTextureID = resources.loadImageFromFile(gfxDevice, charTexturePath);
+    // // const auto charTextureID = gfxDevice.loadImageFromFile(AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://char.jpg"));
+    // const auto charMaterialID = resources.materials().addMaterial({
+    //                                                           .baseColor = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedBaseColor(
+    //                                                               charModel, charPrimitive),
+    //                                                           .diffuseTexture = charTextureID,
+    //                                                           .name = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedMaterialName(
+    //                                                               charModel, charPrimitive, "CharacterMaterial"),
+    //                                                       });
+    //
+    // const auto charMeshComp = CharObj->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
+    // charMeshComp->SetMeshID(charMeshID);
+    // charMeshComp->SetMaterialID(charMaterialID);
+    //
+    // const auto animator = CharObj->AddComponent<Animator>();
+    // animator->setSkeleton(std::move(charModel.skeleton));
+    //
+    // std::string firstAnimationName;
+    //
+    // for (auto& clip : charModel.animations)
+    // {
+    //     spdlog::info("Loaded animation: '{}' ({:.2f}s)", clip.name, clip.duration);
+    //
+    //     if (firstAnimationName.empty())
+    //         firstAnimationName = clip.name;
+    //
+    //     animator->addClip(std::make_shared<SkeletalAnimation>(std::move(clip)));
+    // }
+    //
+    // if (!firstAnimationName.empty())
+    // {
+    //     spdlog::info("Playing animation: '{}'", firstAnimationName);
+    //     animator->play(firstAnimationName);
+    // }
+    //
+    // animator->play("capybara_canter_fwd_01|capybara_canter_fwd_01|run");
+    //
+    // CharObj->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(0.f, 0.f, 0.f));
+    // CharObj->GetTransform().SetWorldScale(0.01f, 0.01f, 0.01f);
+
+    // ModelDoc::LoadOptions options{};
+    // options.meshImportMode = ModelDoc::MeshImportMode::MergedPerNode;
+    //
+    // auto model = ModelDoc::LoadModel(
+    //     AssetFS::GetInstance()
+    //     .GetFullPath("engine://multiple_object_test.fbx")
+    //     .generic_string(),
+    //     options
+    // );
+    //
+    // ModelDocUtils::LogModelDocSummary(model, "engine://multiple_object_test.fbx");
+    //
+    // auto root = std::make_shared<GameObject>("MultiMeshModel");
+    // root->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f));
+    // scene.Add(root);
+    //
+    // for (std::size_t i = 0; i < model.primitives.size(); ++i) {
+    //     const auto &primitive = model.primitives[i];
+    //
+    //     const auto meshID = meshCache.addMesh(gfxDevice, primitive.mesh);
+    //
+    //     const auto texturePath = ModelDocUtils::PickTexturePath(
+    //         model,
+    //         primitive,
+    //         AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://textures/white.png")
+    //     );
+    //
+    //     const auto textureID = gfxDevice.loadImageFromFile(texturePath);
+    //
+    //     const auto materialID = materialCache.addMaterial(gfxDevice, {
+    //                                                           .baseColor = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedBaseColor(
+    //                                                               model, primitive),
+    //                                                           .diffuseTexture = textureID,
+    //                                                           .name = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedMaterialName(
+    //                                                               model,
+    //                                                               primitive,
+    //                                                               primitive.mesh.name + "_Material"
+    //                                                           ),
+    //                                                       });
+    //
+    //     auto part = std::make_shared<GameObject>(
+    //         primitive.mesh.name.empty()
+    //             ? "Primitive_" + std::to_string(i)
+    //             : primitive.mesh.name
+    //     );
+    //
+    //     auto meshComp = part->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
+    //     meshComp->SetMeshID(meshID);
+    //     meshComp->SetMaterialID(materialID);
+    //
+    //     scene.Add(part);
+    // }
+
+
+    // {
+    //     const auto CharObj = scene.CreateGameObject("Character");
+    //
+    //     ModelDoc::LoadOptions characterOptions{};
+    //     characterOptions.meshImportMode = ModelDoc::MeshImportMode::MergedPerNode;
+    //     characterOptions.loadMaterials = true;
+    //     characterOptions.loadSkeleton = true;
+    //     characterOptions.loadAnimations = false;
+    //
+    //     auto charModel = AssetManager::GetInstance().LoadModel("engine://characterMedium.fbx", characterOptions);
+    //
+    //     const auto& charPrimitive =
+    //         ModelDocUtils::GetFirstSkinnedPrimitiveOrFirstOrThrow(
+    //             charModel,
+    //             "engine://characterMedium.fbx"
+    //         );
+    //
+    //     const auto charMeshID = resources.meshes().addMesh(gfxDevice, charPrimitive.mesh);
+    //
+    //     const auto charTextureID = resources.loadImageFromFile(gfxDevice,
+    //         AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://textures/criminalMaleA.png")
+    //     );
+    //
+    //     const auto charMaterialID = resources.materials().addMaterial({
+    //                                                               .baseColor = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedBaseColor(
+    //                                                                   charModel, charPrimitive),
+    //                                                               .diffuseTexture = charTextureID,
+    //                                                               .name = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedMaterialName(
+    //                                                                   charModel,
+    //                                                                   charPrimitive,
+    //                                                                   "CharacterMaterial"
+    //                                                               ),
+    //                                                           });
+    //
+    //     const auto charMeshComp = CharObj->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
+    //     charMeshComp->SetMeshID(charMeshID);
+    //     charMeshComp->SetMaterialID(charMaterialID);
+    //
+    //     const auto animator = CharObj->AddComponent<Animator>();
+    //     animator->setSkeleton(charModel.skeleton);
+    //
+    //     auto runClips = AssetManager::GetInstance().LoadAnimationClips(
+    //         "engine://run.fbx",
+    //         charModel.skeleton
+    //     );
+    //
+    //     for (auto& clip : runClips)
+    //     {
+    //         spdlog::info("Loaded animation: '{}' ({:.2f}s)", clip.name, clip.duration);
+    //         animator->addClip(std::make_shared<SkeletalAnimation>(std::move(clip)));
+    //     }
+    //
+    //     if (!runClips.empty())
+    //     {
+    //         animator->play("Root|Run");
+    //     }
+    //
+    //     CharObj->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(0.f));
+    //     CharObj->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(5, 0, 0));
+    // }
+    //
+    // auto cubeModel = ModelDoc::LoadModel(
+    //     AssetFS::GetInstance()
+    //     .GetFullPath("engine://cube.fbx")
+    //     .generic_string(),
+    //     staticModelOptions
+    // );
+    // ModelDocUtils::LogModelDocSummary(cubeModel, "cube.fbx");
+    //
+    // const auto& cubePrimitive = ModelDocUtils::GetFirstPrimitiveOrThrow(cubeModel, "game://cube.fbx");
+    //
+    //
+    // const auto eliasTextuerPath = ModelDocUtils::PickTexturePath(
+    //     cubeModel,
+    //     cubePrimitive,
+    //     AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("game://grass.png")
+    // );
+    //
+    // const auto eliasTextueID = resources.loadImageFromFile(gfxDevice, eliasTextuerPath);
+    // const auto eliasMaterialID = resources.materials().addMaterial({
+    //                                                            .baseColor = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedBaseColor(
+    //                                                                planeModel, planePrimitive),
+    //                                                            .textureFilteringMode =
+    //                                                            TextureFilteringMode::Anisotropic,
+    //                                                            .diffuseTexture = eliasTextueID,
+    //                                                            .name = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedMaterialName(
+    //                                                                planeModel, planePrimitive, "GroundPlaneMaterial"),
+    //                                                        });
+    //
+    // const auto cubeMeshID = resources.meshes().addMesh(gfxDevice, cubePrimitive.mesh);
+    // //
+    // // for (int i{0}; i < 100; i++)
+    // // {
+    // //     auto cube = std::make_shared<GameObject>("Cube");
+    // //
+    // //     cube->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{0.5f});
+    // //     cube->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+    // //
+    // //     auto meshComp = cube->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
+    // //     meshComp->SetMeshID(cubeMeshID);
+    // //     meshComp->SetMaterialID(eliasMaterialID);
+    // //
+    // //     cube->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(0.0f, i, 0.0f));
+    // //     cube->GetTransform().SetWorldScale(glm::vec3(0.005f));
+    // //
+    // //     scene.Add(cube);
+    // //     scene.GetPhysics().RegisterGameObject(*cube);
+    // // }
+    //
+    // // const int cubeCount = 10;
+    // // const float spacing = 1.0f;
+    // //
+    // // for (int x = 0; x < cubeCount; x++)
+    // // {
+    // //     for (int y = 0; y < 3; y++)
+    // //     {
+    // //         for (int z = 0; z < cubeCount; z++)
+    // //         {
+    // //             auto cube = std::make_shared<GameObject>("Cube");
+    // //
+    // //             cube->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{0.5f});
+    // //             cube->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+    // //
+    // //             auto meshComp = cube->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
+    // //             meshComp->SetMeshID(cubeMeshID);
+    // //             meshComp->SetMaterialID(eliasMaterialID);
+    // //
+    // //             cube->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(
+    // //                 (x - cubeCount / 2.0f) * spacing,
+    // //                 y * spacing + 0,
+    // //                 (z - cubeCount / 2.0f) * spacing
+    // //             ));
+    // //
+    // //             cube->GetTransform().SetWorldScale(glm::vec3(0.005f));
+    // //
+    // //             scene.Add(cube);
+    // //             scene.GetPhysics().RegisterGameObject(*cube);
+    // //         }
+    // //     }
+    // // }
+
+
+    // {
+    auto sphereModel = AssetManager::GetInstance().LoadModel("engine://sphere.fbx", staticModelOptions);
+    ModelDocUtils::LogModelDocSummary(sphereModel, "sphere.fbx");
+    //
+    const auto& spherePrimitive = ModelDocUtils::GetFirstPrimitiveOrThrow(sphereModel, "game://sphere.fbx");
+    //
+    //
+    //     const auto sphereTexturePath = ModelDocUtils::PickTexturePath(
+    //         sphereModel,
+    //         spherePrimitive,
+    //         AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("game://238882.png")
+    //     );
+    //
+    //     const auto sphereTextureID = resources.loadImageFromFile(gfxDevice, sphereTexturePath);
+    //     sphereMaterial = resources.materials().addMaterial({
+    //                                                                .baseColor = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedBaseColor(planeModel, planePrimitive),
+    //                                                                .textureFilteringMode =TextureFilteringMode::Anisotropic,
+    //                                                                .diffuseTexture = sphereTextureID,
+    //                                                                .name = ModelDocUtils::GetImportedMaterialName(
+    //                                                                    planeModel, planePrimitive,
+    //                                                                    "GroundPlaneMaterial"),
+    //                                                            });
+    //
     sphereMesh = resources.meshes().addMesh(gfxDevice, spherePrimitive.mesh);
+    //
+    // }
 
-    playerMaterial = resources.materials().addSimpleColorMaterial(
-        {0.08f, 0.75f, 1.0f},
-        "Catcher Blue");
-    starMaterial = resources.materials().addSimpleColorMaterial(
-        {1.0f, 0.55f, 0.05f},
-        "Falling Star Orange");
+    sphereMaterial = resources.materials().addSimpleColorMaterial({0.5f, 0.3f, 0.8f}, "Blue");
 
-    auto& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("Star Catcher");
 
-    player = scene.CreateGameObject("Catcher");
-    auto* playerRenderer = player->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
-    playerRenderer->SetMeshID(sphereMesh);
-    playerRenderer->SetMaterialID(playerMaterial);
-    player->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({0.0f, kPlayerY, 0.0f});
-    player->GetTransform().SetLocalScale(glm::vec3{0.012f, 0.0035f, 0.009f});
+    // Trigger zone: a static box with a TriggerLoggerComponent.
+    // Spheres spawned via the "Spawn ball" button fall through it.
+    auto triggerObj = scene.CreateGameObject("TriggerBox");
+    auto triggerBox = triggerObj->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f});
+    triggerBox->SetTrigger(true);
+    auto triggerRb = triggerObj->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+    triggerRb->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);
+    triggerObj->AddComponent<TriggerLoggerComponent>();
+    triggerObj->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
 
-    stars.reserve(kStarCount);
-    for (int index = 0; index < kStarCount; ++index) {
-        auto* starObject = scene.CreateGameObject(
-            "Star " + std::to_string(index + 1));
-        auto* starRenderer = starObject->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
-        starRenderer->SetMeshID(sphereMesh);
-        starRenderer->SetMaterialID(starMaterial);
-        starObject->GetTransform().SetLocalScale(glm::vec3{0.0045f});
-        stars.push_back({starObject, 0.0f});
+    // Forward+ test lights: a dim sun and a ring of colored point lights orbiting the origin
+    auto sunObj = scene.CreateGameObject("Sun");
+    auto* sun = sunObj->AddComponent<LightComponent>(LightType::Directional);
+    sun->SetColor(glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.95f, 0.85f});
+    sun->SetIntensity(1.0f);
+    sunObj->GetTransform().SetWorldRotation(glm::vec3{-50.0f, 30.0f, 0.0f});
+
+    constexpr int pointLightCount = 32;
+    constexpr float pointLightRingRadius = 6.0f;
+    for (int i = 0; i < pointLightCount; i++)
+    {
+        const float t = static_cast<float>(i) / static_cast<float>(pointLightCount);
+        const float angle = t * glm::two_pi<float>();
+
+        auto lightObj = scene.CreateGameObject("PointLight " + std::to_string(i));
+        lightObj->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3{
+            std::cos(angle) * pointLightRingRadius,
+            -0.25f,
+            std::sin(angle) * pointLightRingRadius
+        });
+
+        auto* light = lightObj->AddComponent<LightComponent>(LightType::Point);
+        light->SetColor(glm::vec3{
+            0.5f + 0.5f * std::cos(glm::two_pi<float>() * t),
+            0.5f + 0.5f * std::cos(glm::two_pi<float>() * (t + 0.33f)),
+            0.5f + 0.5f * std::cos(glm::two_pi<float>() * (t + 0.67f))
+        });
+        light->SetIntensity(1.0f);
+        light->SetRange(3.0f);
+
+        auto* orbit = lightObj->AddComponent<Rotator>(pointLightRingRadius, 0.5f);
+        orbit->SetAxis(glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f});
+        orbit->SetPivotPosition(glm::vec3{0.0f, -0.25f, 0.0f});
     }
 
-    resetGame();
-}
+    auto playerObj = scene.CreateGameObject("Player");
+    playerObj->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(glm::vec3(0.0f, 2.0f, -5.0f));
+    auto* fps = playerObj->AddComponent<FirstPersonController>();
+    m_Player = playerObj;
+    m_FPSController = fps;
+    scene.GetPhysics().RegisterGameObject(*playerObj);
 
-void LightKeeper::respawnStar(FallingStar& star, float minimumHeight)
-{
-    star.speed = spawnSpeed(randomEngine) + static_cast<float>(score) * 0.08f;
-    star.object->SetActive(true);
-    star.object->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({
-        spawnX(randomEngine),
-        minimumHeight + spawnHeight(randomEngine),
-        0.0f});
-}
+    const auto texPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath("engine://textures/kobe.png");
+    texID = resources.loadImageFromFile(gfxDevice, texPath);
 
-void LightKeeper::resetGame()
-{
-    score = 0;
-    misses = 0;
-    gameOver = false;
-
-    if (player != nullptr) {
-        player->SetActive(true);
-        player->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({0.0f, kPlayerY, 0.0f});
-    }
-
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < stars.size(); ++index) {
-        respawnStar(stars[index], 6.5f + static_cast<float>(index) * 0.85f);
-    }
 }
 
 void LightKeeper::customUpdate(float dt)
 {
-    auto& input = InputManager::GetInstance();
+    // LightKeeper owns a camera that hides App::camera; update this instance
+    // after SDL events have been consumed.
+    if (m_FPSController != nullptr && m_FPSController->IsMouseCaptured())
+    {
+        auto& playerTransform = m_Player->GetTransform();
+        const glm::vec3 playerPos = playerTransform.GetWorldPosition();
+        camera.SetRotation(m_FPSController->GetYaw(), m_FPSController->GetPitch());
+        camera.m_position = playerPos + glm::vec3(0.0f, m_FPSController->GetEyeHeight(), 0.0f);
+        camera.CalculateViewMatrix();
+        camera.CalculateProjectionMatrix();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        camera.Update(dt);
+    }
+    SceneManager::GetInstance().Update(dt);
+    SceneManager::GetInstance().LateUpdate(dt);
 
-    if (input.WasKeyPressed(SDL_SCANCODE_ESCAPE)) {
-        isRunning = false;
+    if (m_params.showDebugUi) {
+        drawDebugMenuBar();
+    }
+
+    LineRenderingManager::GetInstance().SubmitLine({0, 0, 0}, {0, 10, 0}, {255, 0, 0, 255});
+
+    if (InputManager::GetInstance().WasKeyPressed(SDL_SCANCODE_1))
+    {
+        renderer.setRenderWireframe(!renderer.getRenderWireframe());
+    }
+
+    if (m_params.showDebugUi) {
+        ImGui::Begin("Test");
+        if (ImGui::Button("SPawn ball"))
+        {
+            auto sphere = SceneManager::GetInstance().GetCurrentScene().CreateGameObject("Sphere");
+            sphere->AddComponent<SphereCollider>(1.5f);
+            auto rb = sphere->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+            rb->SetMass(1000);
+
+            auto meshRenderComp = sphere->AddComponent<MeshRendererComponent>();
+            meshRenderComp->SetMaterialID(sphereMaterial);
+            meshRenderComp->SetMeshID(sphereMesh);
+
+            sphere->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition((std::rand() % 2) - 0.5f, 100, (std::rand() % 2) - 0.5f);
+            sphere->GetTransform().SetWorldScale(glm::vec3{0.015f});
+
+
+            SceneManager::GetInstance().GetCurrentScene().GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*sphere);
+        }
+        ImGui::End();
+    }
+
+}
+
+void LightKeeper::drawDebugMenuBar()
+{
+    if (!ImGui::BeginMainMenuBar()) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (input.WasKeyPressed(SDL_SCANCODE_R)) {
-        resetGame();
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("File")) {
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("Scene");
+
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(320.0f);
+        ImGui::InputText("Scene path", scenePath, sizeof(scenePath));
+
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(320.0f);
+        ImGui::InputText("New scene name", newSceneName, sizeof(newSceneName));
+
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("New Empty Scene")) {
+            createEmptyScene();
+        }
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Load")) {
+            loadScene();
+        }
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Save")) {
+            saveCurrentScene();
+        }
+
+        if (!sceneStatus.empty()) {
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", sceneStatus.c_str());
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndMenu();
     }
 
-    if (!gameOver) {
-        float moveDirection = 0.0f;
-        if (input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_A) || input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT)) {
-            moveDirection += 1.0f;
-        }
-        if (input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_D) || input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT)) {
-            moveDirection -= 1.0f;
-        }
-
-        glm::vec3 playerPosition = player->GetTransform().GetLocalPosition();
-        playerPosition.x = std::clamp(
-            playerPosition.x + moveDirection * kPlayerSpeed * dt,
-            -5.8f,
-            5.8f);
-        player->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition(playerPosition);
-
-        for (auto& star : stars) {
-            glm::vec3 starPosition = star.object->GetTransform().GetLocalPosition();
-            starPosition.y -= star.speed * dt;
-            star.object->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition(starPosition);
-
-            if (starPosition.y > kCatchY) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            const bool caught = std::abs(starPosition.x - playerPosition.x) <=
-                                kPlayerHalfWidth;
-            if (caught) {
-                ++score;
-            } else {
-                ++misses;
-                if (misses >= kMaxMisses) {
-                    gameOver = true;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (!gameOver) {
-                respawnStar(star, 7.0f);
-            }
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Render")) {
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Box Colliders", nullptr, &renderBoxColliders);
+        ImGui::MenuItem("2D Quads", nullptr, &renderQuads);
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Debug Lines", nullptr, &renderDebugLines);
+
+        bool lightHeatmap = renderer.getRenderLightHeatmap();
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Forward+ Light Heatmap", nullptr, &lightHeatmap)) {
+            renderer.setRenderLightHeatmap(lightHeatmap);
         }
+        ImGui::EndMenu();
     }
 
-    SceneManager::GetInstance().Update(dt);
-    SceneManager::GetInstance().LateUpdate(dt);
-    drawHud();
+    ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
 }
 
-void LightKeeper::drawHud()
+void LightKeeper::saveCurrentScene()
 {
-    constexpr ImGuiWindowFlags flags =
-        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration |
-        ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize |
-        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings |
-        ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNav;
+    try {
+        const auto path = ResolveScenePath(scenePath, m_params.exeDir);
+        const auto parent = path.parent_path();
+        if (!parent.empty()) {
+            std::filesystem::create_directories(parent);
+        }
 
-    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos({24.0f, 24.0f}, ImGuiCond_Always);
-    ImGui::SetNextWindowBgAlpha(0.65f);
-    ImGui::Begin("Star Catcher HUD", nullptr, flags);
-    ImGui::Text("STAR CATCHER");
-    ImGui::Separator();
-    ImGui::Text("Score  %03d", score);
-    ImGui::Text("Lives  %d", kMaxMisses - misses);
-    ImGui::TextDisabled("A/D or arrow keys to move");
-
-    if (gameOver) {
-        ImGui::Separator();
-        ImGui::Text("GAME OVER");
-        ImGui::Text("Press R to play again");
+        if (SceneSerializer::Save(
+                SceneManager::GetInstance().GetCurrentScene(),
+                path)) {
+            sceneStatus = "Saved scene to " + path.string();
+        } else {
+            sceneStatus = "Failed to save scene to " + path.string();
+        }
+    } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
+        sceneStatus = std::string{"Save failed: "} + exception.what();
+    }
+}
+
+void LightKeeper::loadScene()
+{
+    try {
+        const auto path = ResolveScenePath(scenePath, m_params.exeDir);
+        if (SceneSerializer::Load(
+                SceneManager::GetInstance().GetCurrentScene(),
+                path)) {
+            sceneStatus = "Loaded scene from " + path.string();
+        } else {
+            sceneStatus = "Failed to load scene from " + path.string();
+        }
+    } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
+        sceneStatus = std::string{"Load failed: "} + exception.what();
+    }
+}
+
+void LightKeeper::createEmptyScene()
+{
+    try {
+        const std::string name = newSceneName[0] != '\0'
+            ? newSceneName
+            : "EmptyScene";
+        auto& sceneManager = SceneManager::GetInstance();
+        const int newSceneIndex = sceneManager.GetSceneCount();
+        sceneManager.CreateScene(name);
+        sceneManager.SwitchScene(newSceneIndex);
+        sceneStatus = "Created and switched to scene '" + name + "'";
+    } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
+        sceneStatus = std::string{"New scene failed: "} + exception.what();
+    }
+}
+
+void LightKeeper::submitBoxColliderDebugLines()
+{
+    if (!renderBoxColliders) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& sceneManager = SceneManager::GetInstance();
+    if (sceneManager.GetSceneCount() == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    Scene& scene = sceneManager.GetCurrentScene();
+    auto& lineManager = LineRenderingManager::GetInstance();
+    constexpr std::array<std::array<std::size_t, 2>, 12> edges{{
+        {{0, 1}}, {{1, 3}}, {{3, 2}}, {{2, 0}},
+        {{4, 5}}, {{5, 7}}, {{7, 6}}, {{6, 4}},
+        {{0, 4}}, {{1, 5}}, {{2, 6}}, {{3, 7}},
+    }};
+
+    for (const auto& objectPtr : scene.GetObjects()) {
+        if (!objectPtr || objectPtr->IsBeingDestroyed() ||
+            !objectPtr->IsActiveInHierarchy()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const auto* boxCollider = objectPtr->GetComponent<BoxCollider>();
+        if (boxCollider == nullptr) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Collider dimensions are already in world units. Physics does not
+        // apply the GameObject scale when constructing the shape.
+        const glm::vec3 center = boxCollider->GetCenterOffset();
+        const glm::vec3 halfExtents = boxCollider->GetHalfExtents();
+        const std::array<glm::vec3, 8> localCorners{
+            center + glm::vec3{-halfExtents.x, -halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.z},
+            center + glm::vec3{ halfExtents.x, -halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.z},
+            center + glm::vec3{-halfExtents.x,  halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.z},
+            center + glm::vec3{ halfExtents.x,  halfExtents.y, -halfExtents.z},
+            center + glm::vec3{-halfExtents.x, -halfExtents.y,  halfExtents.z},
+            center + glm::vec3{ halfExtents.x, -halfExtents.y,  halfExtents.z},
+            center + glm::vec3{-halfExtents.x,  halfExtents.y,  halfExtents.z},
+            center + glm::vec3{ halfExtents.x,  halfExtents.y,  halfExtents.z},
+        };
+
+        Transform& transform = objectPtr->GetTransform();
+        const glm::vec3 worldPosition = transform.GetWorldPosition();
+        const glm::quat worldRotation = transform.GetWorldRotation();
+        std::array<glm::vec3, 8> worldCorners{};
+        for (std::size_t index = 0; index < localCorners.size(); ++index) {
+            worldCorners[index] = worldPosition + worldRotation * localCorners[index];
+        }
+
+        const glm::vec4 color = boxCollider->IsTrigger()
+            ? glm::vec4{1.0f, 0.75f, 0.1f, 1.0f}
+            : glm::vec4{0.1f, 0.8f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
+        for (const auto& edge : edges) {
+            lineManager.SubmitLine(
+                worldCorners[edge[0]],
+                worldCorners[edge[1]],
+                color);
+        }
     }
-    ImGui::End();
 }
 
 void LightKeeper::customDraw()
@@ -232,42 +727,59 @@ void LightKeeper::customDraw()
     }
 
     renderer.beginDrawing(gfxDevice);
+    submitBoxColliderDebugLines();
 
-    const GameRenderer::SceneData sceneData{
-        .camera = camera,
-        .ambientColor = glm::vec3{0.1f},
-        .ambientIntensity = 0.5f,
-        .fogColor = glm::vec3{0.02f, 0.03f, 0.08f},
-        .fogDensity = 0.01f};
-    const RenderContext context{
+    QuadRenderingManager::GetInstance().SubmitQuad(
+    glm::vec2{100.0f, 100.0f}, glm::vec2{200.0f, 200.0f}, 0.0f,
+    glm::vec4{1.0f}, texID);
+
+    const RenderContext ctx{
         .renderer = renderer,
         .camera = camera,
-        .sceneData = sceneData};
+        .sceneData = {
+            .camera = camera,
+            .ambientColor = glm::vec3(0.1f),
+            .ambientIntensity = 0.5f,
+            .fogColor = glm::vec3(0.5f),
+            .fogDensity = 0.01f
+        }
+    };
 
-    SceneManager::GetInstance().Render(context);
+    SceneManager::GetInstance().Render(ctx);
     renderer.endDrawing();
 
-    renderer.draw(cmd, gfxDevice, camera, sceneData);
+    const auto& drawImage = renderer.getDrawImage();
+
+    renderer.draw(
+        cmd, gfxDevice, camera, GameRenderer::SceneData{
+            camera, glm::vec3(0.1f), 0.5f, glm::vec3(0.5f), 0.01f
+        });
+
     gfxDevice.endFrame(
-        cmd,
-        renderer.getDrawImage(),
-        {
-            .clearColor = {{0.005f, 0.008f, 0.03f, 1.0f}},
+        cmd, drawImage, {
+            .clearColor = {{0.f, 0.f, 0.5f, 1.f}},
             .drawImageBlitRect = glm::ivec4{},
-            .imguiPass = &imguiPass});
+            .imguiPass = &imguiPass,
+        });
 }
 
 void LightKeeper::customCleanup()
 {
+    // auto device = gfxDevice.getDevice().device;
+
+    // vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
+
     gfxDevice.waitIdle();
 
-    stars.clear();
-    player = nullptr;
+    SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
 
-    if (skyboxCubemap) {
+    if (skyboxCubemap)
+    {
         skyboxCubemap->cleanup(gfxDevice);
         skyboxCubemap.reset();
     }
+
+    renderer.cleanup(gfxDevice);
 }
 
 void LightKeeper::customFixedUpdate(float dt)
@@ -277,10 +789,7 @@ void LightKeeper::customFixedUpdate(float dt)
 
 void LightKeeper::onWindowResize(int newWidth, int newHeight)
 {
-    if (newWidth <= 0 || newHeight <= 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    renderer.resize(gfxDevice, {newWidth, newHeight});
-    camera.setAspectRatio(static_cast<float>(newWidth) / static_cast<float>(newHeight));
+    renderer.resize(gfxDevice, glm::ivec2{newWidth, newHeight});
+    const float aspectRatio = static_cast<float>(newWidth) / static_cast<float>(newHeight);
+    camera.setAspectRatio(aspectRatio);
 }

lightkeeper/src/components/FirstPersonController.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#include <components/FirstPersonController.h>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtx/norm.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Components/Physics/CapsuleCollider.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <destrum/Input/InputManager.h>
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
+#include <destrum/Physics/PhysicsWorld.h>
+#include <destrum/Scene/Scene.h>
+
+#include <imgui.h>
+
+FirstPersonController::FirstPersonController(GameObject& parent)
+    : Component(parent, "FirstPersonController")
+{
+}
+
+void FirstPersonController::SetMouseCaptured(bool captured)
+{
+    InputManager::GetInstance().SetMouseCaptured(captured);
+}
+
+void FirstPersonController::Start()
+{
+    auto* obj = GetGameObject();
+    m_Capsule = obj->AddComponent<CapsuleCollider>(0.5f, 2.0f);
+    m_Rigidbody = obj->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+    m_Rigidbody->SetMass(80.0f);
+    m_Rigidbody->SetAllowSleep(false);
+    m_Rigidbody->SetUseGravity(true);
+}
+
+void FirstPersonController::Update(float)
+{
+    const auto& input = InputManager::GetInstance();
+
+    if (input.WasKeyPressed(SDL_SCANCODE_F5))
+    {
+        SetMouseCaptured(!IsMouseCaptured());
+    }
+
+    if (!IsMouseCaptured())
+    {
+        if (input.WasMousePressed(SDL_BUTTON_LEFT) && !ImGui::GetIO().WantCaptureMouse)
+        {
+            SetMouseCaptured(true);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (input.WasKeyPressed(SDL_SCANCODE_ESCAPE))
+    {
+        SetMouseCaptured(false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (input.WasKeyPressed(SDL_SCANCODE_SPACE) && m_Rigidbody->HasPhysicsBody())
+    {
+        m_Rigidbody->AddImpulse(glm::vec3(0.0f, 400.0f, 0.0f));
+    }
+
+    m_Yaw += static_cast<float>(input.MouseDeltaX()) * m_MouseSensitivity;
+    m_Pitch -= static_cast<float>(input.MouseDeltaY()) * m_MouseSensitivity;
+    m_Pitch = glm::clamp(m_Pitch, glm::radians(-89.0f), glm::radians(89.0f));
+}
+
+void FirstPersonController::FixedUpdate(float)
+{
+    if (!IsMouseCaptured() || m_Rigidbody == nullptr || !m_Rigidbody->HasPhysicsBody())
+        return;
+
+    const auto& input = InputManager::GetInstance();
+
+    const float cosY = glm::cos(m_Yaw);
+    const float sinY = glm::sin(m_Yaw);
+    const glm::vec3 forward{cosY, 0.0f, sinY};
+    const glm::vec3 right{-sinY, 0.0f, cosY};
+
+    glm::vec3 moveDir(0.0f);
+    if (input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_W)) moveDir += forward;
+    if (input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_S)) moveDir -= forward;
+    if (input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_D)) moveDir += right;
+    if (input.IsKeyDown(SDL_SCANCODE_A)) moveDir -= right;
+
+    glm::vec3 velocity(0.0f);
+    if (glm::length2(moveDir) > 0.0f)
+    {
+        moveDir = glm::normalize(moveDir);
+        velocity = moveDir * m_MovementSpeed;
+    }
+
+    velocity.y = m_Rigidbody->GetLinearVelocity().y;
+    m_Rigidbody->SetLinearVelocity(velocity);
+
+    auto* world = m_Rigidbody->GetPhysicsWorld();
+    if (world != nullptr)
+    {
+        PhysicsTransform xform = world->GetBodyTransform(m_Rigidbody->GetBody());
+        xform.rotation = glm::quat(glm::vec3(0.0f, m_Yaw, 0.0f));
+        world->SetBodyTransform(m_Rigidbody->GetBody(), xform);
+    }
+}
+
+void FirstPersonController::ImGuiInspector()
+{
+    Component::ImGuiInspector();
+    ImGui::DragFloat("Movement Speed", &m_MovementSpeed, 0.1f, 0.0f, 100.0f);
+    ImGui::DragFloat("Mouse Sensitivity", &m_MouseSensitivity, 0.0001f, 0.0f, 0.1f);
+    ImGui::DragFloat("Eye Height", &m_EyeHeight, 0.01f, 0.0f, 5.0f);
+    ImGui::Text("Yaw: %.1f deg", glm::degrees(m_Yaw));
+    ImGui::Text("Pitch: %.1f deg", glm::degrees(m_Pitch));
+    bool captured = IsMouseCaptured();
+    ImGui::Checkbox("Mouse Captured", &captured);
+    if (captured != IsMouseCaptured()) {
+        SetMouseCaptured(captured);
+    }
+}
+
+nlohmann::json FirstPersonController::Serialize() const
+{
+    return {
+        {"movementSpeed", m_MovementSpeed},
+        {"mouseSensitivity", m_MouseSensitivity},
+        {"eyeHeight", m_EyeHeight},
+        {"yaw", m_Yaw},
+        {"pitch", m_Pitch},
+    };
+}
+
+void FirstPersonController::Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data)
+{
+    if (data.contains("movementSpeed")) m_MovementSpeed = data.at("movementSpeed").get<float>();
+    if (data.contains("mouseSensitivity")) m_MouseSensitivity = data.at("mouseSensitivity").get<float>();
+    if (data.contains("eyeHeight")) m_EyeHeight = data.at("eyeHeight").get<float>();
+    if (data.contains("yaw")) m_Yaw = data.at("yaw").get<float>();
+    if (data.contains("pitch")) m_Pitch = data.at("pitch").get<float>();
+}

lightkeeper/src/components/GameComponentRegistry.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <components/GameComponentRegistry.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Serialization/ComponentFactory.h>
+
+#include <components/GameComponentList.h>
+
+void RegisterGameComponents()
+{
+    static bool registered = false;
+    if (registered) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    registered = true;
+
+#define LIGHTKEEPER_REGISTER_COMPONENT(ComponentType) \
+    ComponentFactory::Register<ComponentType>(#ComponentType);
+    LIGHTKEEPER_GAME_COMPONENTS(LIGHTKEEPER_REGISTER_COMPONENT)
+#undef LIGHTKEEPER_REGISTER_COMPONENT
+}

lightkeeper/src/components/PrintComponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include <components/PrintComponent.h>
+
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+
+PrintComponent::PrintComponent(GameObject& parent) : Component(parent, "PrintComponent")
+{
+}
+
+void PrintComponent::Start()
+{
+}
+
+void PrintComponent::Update(float dt)
+{
+    spdlog::debug(m_message);
+}
+
+void PrintComponent::ImGuiInspector()
+{
+    Component::ImGuiInspector();
+}
+
+nlohmann::json PrintComponent::Serialize() const
+{
+    return {"message", m_message};
+}
+
+void PrintComponent::Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& basic_jsons)
+{
+    if (basic_jsons.contains("message"))
+    {
+        m_message = basic_jsons.at("message").get<std::string>();
+    }
+}

lightkeeper/src/components/TriggerLoggerComponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include <components/TriggerLoggerComponent.h>
+
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
+
+TriggerLoggerComponent::TriggerLoggerComponent(GameObject& parent)
+    : Component(parent, "TriggerLoggerComponent") {}
+
+void TriggerLoggerComponent::OnTriggerEnter(GameObject* other) {
+    ++triggerEnterCount;
+    lastOtherName = other ? other->GetName() : "null";
+    spdlog::info(
+        "TriggerLogger: ENTER {} -> {} (enters: {}, exits: {})",
+        GetGameObject()->GetName(),
+        lastOtherName,
+        triggerEnterCount,
+        triggerExitCount);
+}
+
+void TriggerLoggerComponent::OnTriggerExit(GameObject* other) {
+    ++triggerExitCount;
+    lastOtherName = other ? other->GetName() : "null";
+    spdlog::info(
+        "TriggerLogger: EXIT {} -> {} (enters: {}, exits: {})",
+        GetGameObject()->GetName(),
+        lastOtherName,
+        triggerEnterCount,
+        triggerExitCount);
+}
+
+nlohmann::json TriggerLoggerComponent::Serialize() const {
+    return {
+        {"triggerEnterCount", triggerEnterCount},
+        {"triggerExitCount", triggerExitCount}
+    };
+}
+
+void TriggerLoggerComponent::Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) {
+    if (data.contains("triggerEnterCount")) {
+        triggerEnterCount = data.at("triggerEnterCount").get<int>();
+    }
+    if (data.contains("triggerExitCount")) {
+        triggerExitCount = data.at("triggerExitCount").get<int>();
+    }
+}

lightkeeper/src/main.cpp

@@ -25,10 +25,9 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
         app.init({
             .windowSize = {1200, 800},
             .renderSize = {1200, 800},
-            .appName = "Destrum Star Catcher",
-            .windowTitle = "Star Catcher",
+            .appName = "Destrum Engine",
+            .windowTitle = "Lightkeeper",
             .exeDir = exeDir,
-            .showDebugUi = false,
         });
         app.run();
         app.cleanup();

tests/destrum_tests.cpp

@@ -20,9 +20,12 @@
 #include <destrum/Physics/JoltPhysicsWorld.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/SphereCollider.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/BoxCollider.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/Physics/Collider.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Animator.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/LightComponent.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Material.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
 
 namespace {
     class TestComponent final : public Component {
@@ -169,6 +172,7 @@ namespace {
 
         const char* canonicalNames[] = {
             "MeshRendererComponent",
+            "LightComponent",
             "Rotator",
             "Spinner",
             "OrbitAndSpin",
@@ -189,6 +193,29 @@ namespace {
               "RigidBody legacy alias must not be registered");
     }
 
+    void testLineRenderingManager()
+    {
+        auto& lineManager = LineRenderingManager::GetInstance();
+        lineManager.ClearLines();
+
+        lineManager.SubmitLine(
+            glm::vec3{0.0f},
+            glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
+            glm::vec4{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f});
+        lineManager.SubmitLine(Line{
+            .start = glm::vec3{1.0f},
+            .end = glm::vec3{2.0f},
+            .color = glm::vec4{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},
+        });
+
+        check(lineManager.GetLines().size() == 2,
+              "line rendering manager must retain submitted lines");
+
+        lineManager.ClearLines();
+        check(lineManager.GetLines().empty(),
+              "line rendering manager must clear transient lines");
+    }
+
     void testAssetPathValidation()
     {
         const auto root = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_asset_test";
@@ -422,6 +449,39 @@ namespace {
               "Animator scene data must not embed animation keyframes");
     }
 
+    void testLightComponentRoundTrip()
+    {
+        GameObject object{"light"};
+        auto* light = object.AddComponent<LightComponent>(LightType::Spot);
+        light->SetColor(glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.5f, 0.25f});
+        light->SetIntensity(4.0f);
+        light->SetRange(7.5f);
+        light->SetConeAngles(0.2f, 0.4f);
+
+        const auto data = light->Serialize();
+
+        GameObject loadedObject{"loaded light"};
+        auto* loaded = loadedObject.AddComponent<LightComponent>();
+        loaded->Deserialize(data);
+
+        check(loaded->GetType() == LightType::Spot,
+              "LightComponent must round-trip its type");
+        check(loaded->GetColor() == glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.5f, 0.25f},
+              "LightComponent must round-trip its color");
+        check(loaded->GetIntensity() == 4.0f && loaded->GetRange() == 7.5f,
+              "LightComponent must round-trip intensity and range");
+        check(loaded->GetInnerConeAngle() == 0.2f && loaded->GetOuterConeAngle() == 0.4f,
+              "LightComponent must round-trip its cone angles");
+
+        loaded->SetConeAngles(0.5f, 0.1f);
+        check(loaded->GetOuterConeAngle() >= loaded->GetInnerConeAngle(),
+              "LightComponent outer cone must never be smaller than the inner cone");
+
+        loaded->SetRange(0.0f);
+        check(loaded->GetRange() > 0.0f,
+              "LightComponent range must stay positive");
+    }
+
     void testSimpleColorMaterial()
     {
         const auto material = Material::SimpleColor(
@@ -459,6 +519,65 @@ namespace {
         check(!AssetReference::fromCacheKey("CharacterMedium.fbx").has_value(),
               "plain cache names must not be treated as file-backed assets");
     }
+
+    class TriggerTracker final : public Component {
+    public:
+        explicit TriggerTracker(GameObject& owner)
+            : Component(owner, "TriggerTracker") {}
+
+        void Update(float) override {}
+        std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "TriggerTracker"; }
+
+        void OnTriggerEnter(GameObject* other) override {
+            ++enterCount;
+            lastOther = other;
+            enterObjectName = other ? other->GetName() : "null";
+        }
+
+        void OnTriggerExit(GameObject* other) override {
+            ++exitCount;
+        }
+
+        int enterCount{0};
+        int exitCount{0};
+        GameObject* lastOther{nullptr};
+        std::string enterObjectName;
+    };
+
+    void testTriggerZone()
+    {
+        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("trigger-test");
+
+        // Trigger box at origin (Static rigidbody + BoxCollider as trigger).
+        GameObject* triggerObj = scene.CreateGameObject("TriggerZone");
+        triggerObj->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f});
+        triggerObj->GetComponent<BoxCollider>()->SetTrigger(true);
+        auto* triggerRb = triggerObj->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+        triggerRb->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);
+        auto* tracker = triggerObj->AddComponent<TriggerTracker>();
+
+        // Falling sphere above the trigger.
+        GameObject* sphere = scene.CreateGameObject("FallingSphere");
+        sphere->AddComponent<SphereCollider>(0.5f);
+        sphere->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
+        sphere->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({0.0f, 8.0f, 0.0f});
+
+        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
+
+        // Run physics for enough steps that the sphere falls into the trigger.
+        for (int step = 0; step < 120; ++step) {
+            scene.FixedUpdate(1.0f / 60.0f);
+        }
+
+        check(tracker->enterCount >= 1,
+              "falling sphere must trigger OnTriggerEnter at least once");
+        check(tracker->exitCount >= 1,
+              "falling sphere passing through trigger must exit");
+        check(tracker->enterObjectName == "FallingSphere",
+              "OnTriggerEnter must report the correct entering object");
+
+        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
+    }
 }
 
 int main()
@@ -469,6 +588,7 @@ int main()
     testEventRemoval();
     testComponentRemoval();
     testEngineComponentRegistration();
+    testLineRenderingManager();
     testAssetPathValidation();
     testLegacySceneLoad();
     testSceneLoadRollback();
@@ -476,8 +596,10 @@ int main()
     testJoltSphereCollisions();
     testSceneJoltSphereCollisions();
     testAnimatorAssetReferences();
+    testLightComponentRoundTrip();
     testSimpleColorMaterial();
     testAssetReferenceCacheKeys();
+    testTriggerZone();
     std::cout << "destrum tests passed\n";
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }