#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <filesystem>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

#include <glm/gtc/constants.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/packing.hpp>

#include <destrum/Event.h>
#include <destrum/Assets/AssetManager.h>
#include <destrum/Assets/AssetReference.h>
#include <destrum/Assets/ModelFile.h>
#include <destrum/Assets/TextureFile.h>
#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h>
#include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
#include <destrum/Scene/Scene.h>
#include <destrum/Scene/SceneManager.h>
#include <destrum/Serialization/ComponentFactory.h>
#include <destrum/Serialization/ComponentRegistry.h>
#include <destrum/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h>
#include <destrum/Physics/SimplePhysicsWorld.h>
#include <destrum/Physics/JoltPhysicsWorld.h>
#include <destrum/Components/Physics/SphereCollider.h>
#include <destrum/Components/Physics/BoxCollider.h>
#include <destrum/Components/Physics/CapsuleCollider.h>
#include <destrum/Components/Physics/Collider.h>
#include <destrum/Components/Animator.h>
#include <destrum/Components/CameraComponent.h>
#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/PrimitiveMeshes.h>
#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/Renderer2D.h>
#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Font.h>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <destrum/Graphics/Frustum.h>
#include <destrum/Components/LightComponent.h>
#include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
#include <destrum/Graphics/Material.h>
#include <destrum/Graphics/imageLoader.h>
#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>

namespace {
    class TestComponent final : public Component {
    public:
        explicit TestComponent(GameObject& owner) : Component(owner, "TestComponent") {}

        void Update(float) override {}
        std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "TestComponent"; }
    };

    class RemovingListener final : public EventListener {
    public:
        explicit RemovingListener(std::unique_ptr<RemovingListener>* victim)
            : victim(victim) {}

        void OnEvent(int) {
            if (victim != nullptr) {
                victim->reset();
                victim = nullptr;
            }
            ++calls;
        }

        int calls{0};

    private:
        std::unique_ptr<RemovingListener>* victim;
    };

    void check(bool condition, const char* message)
    {
        if (!condition) {
            std::cerr << "FAILED: " << message << '\n';
            std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    bool close(float a, float b)
    {
        return std::abs(a - b) < 0.001f;
    }

    void testTransforms()
    {
        GameObject parent{"parent"};
        GameObject child{"child"};

        parent.GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({10.f, 2.f, -4.f});
        parent.GetTransform().SetLocalRotation({0.f, 0.f, 90.f});
        parent.GetTransform().SetLocalScale({2.f, 2.f, 2.f});
        child.GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({1.f, 0.f, 0.f});

        child.GetTransform().SetParent(&parent.GetTransform(), true);
        const auto worldPosition = child.GetTransform().GetWorldPosition();
        check(close(worldPosition.x, 1.f) && close(worldPosition.y, 0.f),
              "reparenting must preserve world position");

        child.GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({20.f, 10.f, 0.f});
        const auto movedPosition = child.GetTransform().GetWorldPosition();
        check(close(movedPosition.x, 20.f) && close(movedPosition.y, 10.f),
              "world position must account for parent rotation and scale");

        parent.Destroy();
        check(parent.IsBeingDestroyed() && child.IsBeingDestroyed(),
              "destroying a parent must mark descendants");
    }

    void testSceneFindGameObject()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("find-object");
        GameObject* pending = scene.CreateGameObject("pending");
        check(scene.FindGameObject(pending->GetId()) == pending, "objects must be found while still pending");

        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        GameObject* committed = scene.CreateGameObject("committed");
        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        check(scene.FindGameObject(committed->GetId()) == committed, "committed objects must be found by id");
        check(scene.FindGameObject(InvalidObjectId) == nullptr, "the invalid id must never match");

        const ObjectId destroyedId = committed->GetId();
        committed->Destroy();
        check(scene.FindGameObject(destroyedId) == nullptr, "objects being destroyed must not be found");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testSceneRoundTrip()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("round-trip");
        GameObject* parent = scene.CreateGameObject("parent");
        GameObject* child = scene.CreateGameObject("child");
        child->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({1.f, 2.f, 3.f});
        child->GetTransform().SetParent(&parent->GetTransform(), false);
        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();

        SceneEnvironment& environment = scene.GetEnvironment();
        environment.ambientColor = {0.2f, 0.3f, 0.4f};
        environment.ambientIntensity = 2.0f;
        environment.fogColor = {0.6f, 0.7f, 0.8f};
        environment.fogDensity = 0.05f;
        environment.skyboxRotationSpeed = 0.5f;
        environment.skyboxRotation = 1.0f;
        scene.Update(1.0f);
        check(close(environment.skyboxRotation, 1.5f), "scene updates must spin the skybox");

        const auto path = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_scene_test.json";
        check(SceneSerializer::Save(scene, path), "scene save must succeed");
        check(SceneSerializer::Load(scene, path), "scene load must succeed");
        std::filesystem::remove(path);

        check(scene.GetObjects().size() == 2, "scene round-trip must preserve objects");
        const auto* loadedChild = scene.GetObjects().at(1).get();
        check(loadedChild->GetTransform().GetParent() != nullptr,
              "scene round-trip must preserve hierarchy");
        check(close(loadedChild->GetTransform().GetLocalPosition().x, 1.f),
              "scene round-trip must preserve local transforms");
        const SceneEnvironment& loadedEnvironment = scene.GetEnvironment();
        check(loadedEnvironment.ambientColor == glm::vec3{0.2f, 0.3f, 0.4f} &&
              close(loadedEnvironment.ambientIntensity, 2.0f) &&
              loadedEnvironment.fogColor == glm::vec3{0.6f, 0.7f, 0.8f} &&
              close(loadedEnvironment.fogDensity, 0.05f) &&
              close(loadedEnvironment.skyboxRotationSpeed, 0.5f) &&
              close(loadedEnvironment.skyboxRotation, 1.5f),
              "scene round-trip must preserve the environment settings");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testEventMutation()
    {
        Event<int> event;
        int calls = 0;
        event.AddListener([&](int) { ++calls; });
        event.AddListener([&](int) {
            ++calls;
            event.AddListener([&](int) { ++calls; });
        });

        event.Invoke(1);
        check(calls == 2, "event mutation must not invalidate the current invocation");
        event.Invoke(1);
        check(calls == 5, "new event listeners must run on subsequent invocations");
    }

    void testEventRemoval()
    {
        Event<int> event;
        std::unique_ptr<RemovingListener> victim;
        RemovingListener remover{&victim};
        victim = std::make_unique<RemovingListener>(nullptr);

        event.AddListener(&remover, &RemovingListener::OnEvent);
        event.AddListener(victim.get(), &RemovingListener::OnEvent);
        event.Invoke(1);

        check(remover.calls == 1, "event remover must run once");
        check(victim == nullptr, "event listener must be removable during invocation");
    }

    void testComponentRemoval()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("component-removal");
        GameObject* object = scene.CreateGameObject("object");
        object->AddComponent<TestComponent>();
        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();

        check(object->GetComponent<TestComponent>() != nullptr,
              "test component must be discoverable before removal");
        check(object->DestroyComponent<TestComponent>() != nullptr,
              "destroying a component must find it");
        scene.CleanupDestroyedGameObjects();
        check(object->GetComponent<TestComponent>() == nullptr,
              "destroyed components must be removed at the scene boundary");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testEngineComponentRegistration()
    {
        RegisterEngineComponents();

        const char* canonicalNames[] = {
            "MeshRendererComponent",
            "LightComponent",
            "Rotator",
            "Spinner",
            "OrbitAndSpin",
            "Animator",
            "Rigidbody",
            "BoxCollider",
            "SphereCollider",
            "CapsuleCollider"
        };
        for (const char* name : canonicalNames) {
            check(ComponentFactory::IsRegistered(name),
                  "all canonical engine component names must be registered");
        }

        check(!ComponentFactory::IsRegistered("MeshRenderer"),
              "MeshRenderer legacy alias must not be registered");
        check(!ComponentFactory::IsRegistered("RigidBody"),
              "RigidBody legacy alias must not be registered");
    }

    void testLineRenderingManager()
    {
        auto& lineManager = LineRenderingManager::GetInstance();
        lineManager.ClearLines();

        lineManager.SubmitLine(
            glm::vec3{0.0f},
            glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
            glm::vec4{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f});
        lineManager.SubmitLine(Line{
            .start = glm::vec3{1.0f},
            .end = glm::vec3{2.0f},
            .color = glm::vec4{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f},
        });

        check(lineManager.GetLines().size() == 2,
              "line rendering manager must retain submitted lines");

        lineManager.ClearLines();
        check(lineManager.GetLines().empty(),
              "line rendering manager must clear transient lines");
    }

    void testAssetPathValidation()
    {
        const auto root = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_asset_test";
        std::filesystem::create_directories(root / "assets" / "engine");
        std::filesystem::create_directories(root / "assets" / "game");
        std::ofstream{root / "assets" / "engine" / "asset.txt"} << "asset";
        std::ofstream{root / "assets" / "engine" / "cooked.asset"} << "cooked";
        std::ofstream{root / "assets" / "engine" / "manifest.json"}
            << R"({"version":1,"assets":[{"src":"asset.txt","out":"cooked.asset","type":"raw","mtime_epoch_ns":-5020137004799419216,"size_bytes":355972}]})";

        auto& assetFs = AssetFS::GetInstance();
        assetFs.Init(root);
        check(std::filesystem::exists(assetFs.GetFullPath("engine://asset.txt")),
              "valid virtual asset paths must resolve");
        check(assetFs.GetCookedPathForFile("engine://asset.txt").filename() == "cooked.asset",
              "manifest output paths must resolve to cooked assets");

        bool rejected = false;
        try {
            (void)assetFs.GetFullPath("engine://../outside.txt");
        } catch (const std::exception&) {
            rejected = true;
        }
        check(rejected, "asset traversal must be rejected");

        const auto outside = root / "outside";
        const auto link = root / "assets" / "engine" / "link";
        std::filesystem::create_directories(outside);
        std::error_code symlinkError;
        std::filesystem::create_directory_symlink(outside, link, symlinkError);
        if (!symlinkError) {
            bool symlinkEscapeRejected = false;
            try {
                (void)assetFs.GetFullPath("engine://link/missing.txt");
            } catch (const std::exception&) {
                symlinkEscapeRejected = true;
            }
            check(symlinkEscapeRejected,
                  "symlink traversal must be rejected for missing targets");
        }

        std::filesystem::remove_all(root);
        assetFs.Reset();
    }

    void testLegacySceneLoad()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("legacy");
        const auto path = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_legacy_scene.json";
        std::ofstream{path}
            << R"({"version":1,"name":"legacy","objects":[{"id":9001,"name":"object","active":true,"transform":{},"parent":0,"components":[]}]})";

        check(SceneSerializer::Load(scene, path),
              "version 1 placeholder transforms must remain loadable");
        check(scene.GetObjects().size() == 1,
              "legacy scene load must create its object");

        std::filesystem::remove(path);
        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testSceneLoadRollback()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("rollback");
        scene.CreateGameObject("original");
        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();

        const auto path = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_bad_scene.json";
        std::ofstream{path}
            << R"({"version":2,"name":"bad","objects":[{"id":9101,"name":"bad","transform":{"position":[0,0,0],"rotation":[0,0,0,1],"scale":[1,1,1]},"parent":0,"components":[{"type":"Rigidbody","enabled":true,"data":{}}]}]})";

        check(!SceneSerializer::Load(scene, path),
              "scene loading must reject a rigidbody without a collider");
        check(scene.GetObjects().size() == 1 && scene.GetObjects().at(0)->GetName() == "original",
              "failed scene loading must preserve the live scene");

        std::filesystem::remove(path);
        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testPhysicsWorldUnits()
    {
        SimplePhysicsWorld world{glm::vec3{0.0f}};
        GameObject object{"scaled-physics"};
        object.GetTransform().SetLocalScale(glm::vec3{0.5f});
        object.AddComponent<SphereCollider>(1.0f);
        Rigidbody* rigidbody = object.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        world.RegisterRigidbody(*rigidbody);

        PhysicsRaycastHit hit;
        check(world.Raycast({-2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, 5.0f, hit),
              "scaled physics bodies must remain raycastable");
        check(close(hit.distance, 1.0f),
              "physics collider dimensions must remain in world units");

        object.GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({10.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
        world.RefreshRigidbody(*rigidbody);
        check(world.Raycast({8.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, 5.0f, hit),
              "refreshing a physics body must use the current transform position");
        check(close(hit.distance, 1.0f),
              "refreshed physics bodies must remain aligned with rendered transforms");
    }

    void testJoltSphereCollisions()
    {
        JoltPhysicsWorld world{{
            .workerThreadCount = 1,
            .gravity = {0.0f, -9.81f, 0.0f}
        }};

        GameObject floor{"floor"};
        floor.GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f});
        floor.AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{10.0f, 0.5f, 10.0f});
        auto* floorBody = floor.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        floorBody->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);
        world.RegisterRigidbody(*floorBody);

        GameObject first{"first"};
        first.AddComponent<SphereCollider>(1.5f);
        auto* firstBody = first.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        world.RegisterRigidbody(*firstBody);
        first.GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({0.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f});
        first.GetTransform().SetLocalScale(glm::vec3{0.015f});
        world.RefreshRigidbody(*firstBody);

        GameObject second{"second"};
        second.AddComponent<SphereCollider>(1.5f);
        auto* secondBody = second.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        world.RegisterRigidbody(*secondBody);
        second.GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({0.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f});
        second.GetTransform().SetLocalScale(glm::vec3{0.015f});
        world.RefreshRigidbody(*secondBody);

        for (int step = 0; step < 240; ++step) {
            world.Step(1.0f / 60.0f);
            world.SyncDynamicBodiesToTransforms();
        }

        check(first.GetTransform().GetWorldPosition().y > 0.8f &&
              second.GetTransform().GetWorldPosition().y > 0.8f,
              "Jolt spheres must collide with the ground plane");
        check(glm::distance(first.GetTransform().GetWorldPosition(),
                            second.GetTransform().GetWorldPosition()) > 2.5f,
              "Jolt spheres must collide with one another instead of occupying the same point");
    }

    void testSceneJoltSphereCollisions()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("scene-physics");

        GameObject* floor = scene.CreateGameObject("floor");
        floor->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f});
        floor->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{10.0f, 0.5f, 10.0f});
        auto* floorBody = floor->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        floorBody->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);

        GameObject* first = scene.CreateGameObject("first");
        first->AddComponent<SphereCollider>(1.5f);
        first->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        first->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({0.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f});
        first->GetTransform().SetWorldScale(glm::vec3{0.015f});

        GameObject* second = scene.CreateGameObject("second");
        second->AddComponent<SphereCollider>(1.5f);
        second->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        second->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({0.0f, 100.0f, 0.0f});
        second->GetTransform().SetWorldScale(glm::vec3{0.015f});

        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*first);
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*second);

        for (int step = 0; step < 240; ++step) {
            scene.FixedUpdate(1.0f / 60.0f);
        }

        check(first->GetTransform().GetWorldPosition().y > 0.8f &&
              second->GetTransform().GetWorldPosition().y > 0.8f,
              "scene physics spheres must collide with the ground plane");
        check(glm::distance(first->GetTransform().GetWorldPosition(),
                            second->GetTransform().GetWorldPosition()) > 2.5f,
              "scene physics spheres must not overlap after settling");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    class TriggerCounter final : public Component {
    public:
        explicit TriggerCounter(GameObject& parent)
            : Component(parent, "TriggerCounter") {}

        std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "TriggerCounter"; }
        void OnTriggerEnter(GameObject*) override { ++enters; }
        void OnTriggerExit(GameObject*) override { ++exits; }

        int enters{0};
        int exits{0};
    };

    void testNonPhysicsChangesKeepBodies()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("physics-refresh");

        GameObject* trigger = scene.CreateGameObject("trigger");
        trigger->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{3.0f})->SetTrigger(true);
        trigger->AddComponent<Rigidbody>()->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);
        auto* counter = trigger->AddComponent<TriggerCounter>();

        GameObject* crate = scene.CreateGameObject("crate");
        crate->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{0.5f});
        auto* crateBody = crate->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        crateBody->SetUseGravity(false);
        crateBody->SetAllowSleep(false);

        GameObject* lamp = scene.CreateGameObject("lamp");
        auto* light = lamp->AddComponent<LightComponent>();

        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*trigger);
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*crate);

        const auto step = [&scene] {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
                scene.FixedUpdate(1.0f / 60.0f);
            }
        };
        step();
        check(counter->enters == 1 && counter->exits == 0, "a body inside a trigger must enter it once");

        light->SetEnabled(false);
        light->SetEnabled(true);
        crate->AddComponent<LightComponent>()->SetEnabled(false);
        step();
        check(counter->enters == 1 && counter->exits == 0,
              "non physics components must not rebuild physics bodies");

        crateBody->SetMass(5.0f);
        step();
        check(counter->enters == 2 && counter->exits == 1,
              "rebuilding a body inside a trigger must exit the old body and enter the new one");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testFrustumFromViewProj()
    {
        const auto lookingAlongPositiveZ = [](const glm::vec3& position, float range) {
            const glm::mat4 view = glm::lookAt(position, position + glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f});
            return glm::perspectiveRH_ZO(glm::radians(60.0f), 1.0f, 0.1f, range) * view;
        };

        const glm::mat4 viewProj = lookingAlongPositiveZ(glm::vec3{0.0f}, 20.0f);
        const Frustum frustum = edge::createFrustumFromViewProj(viewProj);

        check(edge::isInFrustum(frustum, Sphere{{0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f}, 0.5f}), "a sphere in front must be inside");
        check(!edge::isInFrustum(frustum, Sphere{{0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f}, 0.5f}), "a sphere behind must be outside");
        check(!edge::isInFrustum(frustum, Sphere{{0.0f, 0.0f, 30.0f}, 0.5f}), "a sphere past the far plane must be outside");
        check(!edge::isInFrustum(frustum, Sphere{{15.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f}, 0.5f}), "a sphere to the side must be outside");

        const auto corners = edge::calculateFrustumCorners(viewProj);
        const bool cornersOnNearAndFar = std::ranges::all_of(corners, [](const glm::vec3& corner) {
            return std::abs(corner.z - 0.1f) < 0.001f || std::abs(corner.z - 20.0f) < 0.01f;
        });
        check(cornersOnNearAndFar, "frustum corners must lie on the near and far planes");

        check(edge::frustumsOverlap(frustum, lookingAlongPositiveZ(glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f}, 10.0f)),
              "a frustum in front of the camera must overlap");
        check(!edge::frustumsOverlap(frustum, lookingAlongPositiveZ(glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, -30.0f}, 10.0f)),
              "a frustum entirely behind the camera must not overlap");
    }

    void testKinematicBodiesMoveWithVelocity()
    {
        constexpr float fixedDt = 1.0f / 60.0f;
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("kinematic-velocity");

        GameObject* platform = scene.CreateGameObject("platform");
        platform->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{2.0f, 0.25f, 2.0f});
        auto* platformBody = platform->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        platformBody->SetType(RigidbodyType::Kinematic);

        GameObject* crate = scene.CreateGameObject("crate");
        crate->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({0.0f, 0.76f, 0.0f});
        crate->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{0.5f});
        auto* crateBody = crate->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        crateBody->SetFriction(1.0f);
        crateBody->SetAllowSleep(false);

        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*platform);
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*crate);

        for (int step = 0; step < 30; ++step) {
            scene.FixedUpdate(fixedDt);
        }
        check(glm::length(platformBody->GetLinearVelocity()) < 0.001f,
              "a kinematic body that is not moved must have no velocity");

        constexpr float platformSpeed = 2.0f;
        for (int step = 0; step < 60; ++step) {
            platform->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition(
                platform->GetTransform().GetWorldPosition() + glm::vec3{platformSpeed * fixedDt, 0.0f, 0.0f});
            scene.FixedUpdate(fixedDt);
        }

        check(close(platformBody->GetLinearVelocity().x, platformSpeed),
              "a kinematic body moved through its transform must get the matching velocity");
        check(crate->GetTransform().GetWorldPosition().x > 1.5f,
              "a dynamic body resting on a moving kinematic platform must be carried along");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testRenderer2DShapes()
    {
        auto& r2d = Renderer2D::GetInstance();
        r2d.Clear();

        r2d.DrawRect({10.0f, 20.0f}, {30.0f, 40.0f}, glm::vec4{0.5f});
        const Shape2D& rect = r2d.GetShapes().back();
        check(rect.type == Shape2DType::Rect &&
              rect.center == glm::vec2{25.0f, 40.0f} &&
              rect.halfSize == glm::vec2{15.0f, 20.0f} &&
              rect.textureId == NULL_IMAGE_ID &&
              rect.outline == 0.0f,
              "rects must be anchored at their top left corner and filled by default");

        r2d.DrawEllipseOutline({50.0f, 50.0f}, {20.0f, 10.0f}, 2.0f, glm::vec4{1.0f});
        const Shape2D& ellipse = r2d.GetShapes().back();
        check(ellipse.type == Shape2DType::Ellipse &&
              ellipse.center == glm::vec2{50.0f} &&
              ellipse.halfSize == glm::vec2{20.0f, 10.0f} &&
              ellipse.outline == 2.0f,
              "ellipses must be centered with their radii as half size");

        r2d.DrawTriangle({0.0f, 10.0f}, {5.0f, 0.0f}, {10.0f, 10.0f}, glm::vec4{1.0f});
        const Shape2D& triangle = r2d.GetShapes().back();
        check(triangle.type == Shape2DType::Triangle &&
              triangle.center == glm::vec2{5.0f} &&
              triangle.halfSize == glm::vec2{5.0f} &&
              triangle.p0 == glm::vec2{-5.0f, 5.0f} &&
              triangle.p1 == glm::vec2{0.0f, -5.0f} &&
              triangle.p2 == glm::vec2{5.0f, 5.0f},
              "triangle points must be stored relative to their bounding box center");

        r2d.DrawLine({0.0f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, 10.0f}, 4.0f, glm::vec4{1.0f}, LineCap::Round);
        const Shape2D& line = r2d.GetShapes().back();
        check(line.type == Shape2DType::Rect &&
              line.center == glm::vec2{0.0f, 5.0f} &&
              close(line.halfSize.x, 7.0f) && close(line.halfSize.y, 2.0f) &&
              close(line.rotation, glm::half_pi<float>()) &&
              close(line.cornerRadius, 2.0f),
              "round capped lines must be rotated rects extended by half their thickness");

        check(r2d.GetShapes().size() == 4, "every draw call must submit exactly one shape");
        r2d.Clear();
        check(r2d.GetShapes().empty(), "clear must drop all submitted shapes");
    }

    void testFontAtlasAndLayout()
    {
        const std::filesystem::path fontPath =
            std::filesystem::path{DESTRUM_ENGINE_ASSETS_SRC_DIR} / "fonts" / "Roboto-Medium.ttf";
        const Font font = Font::LoadFromFile(fontPath, 32.0f);

        const FontGlyph* a = font.GetGlyph(U'A');
        const FontGlyph* space = font.GetGlyph(U' ');
        check(a != nullptr && a->size.x > 0.0f && a->size.y > 0.0f && a->advance > 0.0f &&
              a->uvMax.x > a->uvMin.x && a->uvMax.y > a->uvMin.y,
              "printable glyphs must be rasterized into the atlas");
        check(space != nullptr && space->size == glm::vec2{0.0f} && space->advance > 0.0f,
              "spaces must only advance the pen");
        check(font.GetGlyph(U'中') == font.GetGlyph(U'?'), "missing glyphs must fall back to '?'");

        const auto& pixels = font.GetAtlasPixels();
        const auto [minIt, maxIt] = std::minmax_element(pixels.begin(), pixels.end());
        check(!pixels.empty() && *minIt < 128 && *maxIt > 128,
              "the atlas must hold a signed distance field with the edge at 128");

        const glm::vec2 one = font.MeasureText("A", 64.0f);
        const glm::vec2 two = font.MeasureText("A\nAA", 64.0f);
        check(close(one.x, a->advance * 2.0f) && close(one.y, font.GetLineHeight() * 2.0f),
              "text must be measured at the requested size");
        check(close(two.x, (a->advance * 2.0f + font.GetKerning(U'A', U'A')) * 2.0f) &&
              close(two.y, one.y * 2.0f),
              "multi line text must measure its widest line and every line");

        std::vector<PlacedGlyph> placed;
        font.Layout("A b", {100.0f, 50.0f}, 32.0f, [&](const PlacedGlyph& glyph) { placed.push_back(glyph); });
        check(placed.size() == 2 && placed[0].glyph == a &&
              close(placed[0].topLeft.x, 100.0f + a->offset.x) &&
              close(placed[0].topLeft.y, 50.0f + font.GetAscender() + a->offset.y),
              "layout must skip spaces and start on the baseline below the top left");

        const std::string_view utf8 = "\xC3\xA9\xFF";
        std::size_t index = 0;
        check(Font::DecodeUtf8(utf8, index) == U'é' && index == 2, "utf8 must decode two byte sequences");
        check(Font::DecodeUtf8(utf8, index) == 0xFFFD && index == 3, "invalid utf8 must decode to U+FFFD");

        auto& r2d = Renderer2D::GetInstance();
        r2d.Clear();
        r2d.DrawText(font, "not uploaded", {0.0f, 0.0f}, 16.0f, glm::vec4{1.0f});
        check(r2d.GetShapes().empty(), "text must not be drawn before the font atlas is uploaded");
    }

    void testCapsuleColliderDebugLines()
    {
        GameObject object{"capsule"};
        object.GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f});
        object.GetTransform().SetWorldScale(glm::vec3{5.0f});
        auto* capsule = object.AddComponent<CapsuleCollider>(0.4f, 1.8f);
        capsule->SetCenterOffset({0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f});

        auto& lines = LineRenderingManager::GetInstance();
        lines.ClearLines();
        capsule->DrawDebugLines(glm::vec4{1.0f});

        const glm::vec3 center{1.0f, 2.5f, 3.0f};
        float top = -1000.0f;
        float bottom = 1000.0f;
        bool inside = true;
        for (const Line& line : lines.GetLines()) {
            for (const glm::vec3& point : {line.start, line.end}) {
                const glm::vec3 local = point - center;
                top = std::max(top, local.y);
                bottom = std::min(bottom, local.y);
                inside = inside && glm::length(glm::vec2{local.x, local.z}) <= 0.4f + 0.001f;
            }
        }
        lines.ClearLines();

        check(inside && close(top, 0.9f) && close(bottom, -0.9f),
              "capsule debug lines must match the collider shape in world units, ignoring the object scale");
    }

    void testColliderCenterOffset()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("collider-offset");

        GameObject* box = scene.CreateGameObject("offset box");
        box->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{0.5f})->SetCenterOffset({0.0f, 5.0f, 0.0f});
        box->AddComponent<Rigidbody>()->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);
        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*box);

        PhysicsRaycastHit hit{};
        const bool found = box->GetComponent<Rigidbody>()->GetPhysicsWorld()->Raycast(
            {0.0f, 10.0f, 0.0f}, {0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f}, 20.0f, hit);
        check(found && std::abs(hit.distance - 4.5f) < 0.01f,
              "a collider center offset must move the shape, not just the center of mass");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testPrimitiveBoxMesh()
    {
        const glm::vec3 size{4.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f};
        const CPUMesh box = PrimitiveMeshes::MakeBox(size);

        check(box.vertices.size() == 24 && box.indices.size() == 36, "a box must have 6 faces of 2 triangles");
        check(box.minPos == -size * 0.5f && box.maxPos == size * 0.5f, "a box must be centered on the origin");

        float maxU = 0.0f;
        bool outward = true;
        for (const auto& vertex : box.vertices) {
            if (vertex.normal == glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}) {
                maxU = std::max(maxU, vertex.uv_x);
            }
            outward = outward && glm::dot(vertex.position, vertex.normal) > 0.0f;
        }
        check(close(maxU, size.x), "box uvs must be in meters so textures tile at the same size");
        check(outward, "box normals must point away from the center");

        bool counterClockwise = true;
        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < box.indices.size(); i += 3) {
            const auto& a = box.vertices[box.indices[i]];
            const auto& b = box.vertices[box.indices[i + 1]];
            const auto& c = box.vertices[box.indices[i + 2]];
            const glm::vec3 faceNormal = glm::cross(b.position - a.position, c.position - a.position);
            counterClockwise = counterClockwise && glm::dot(faceNormal, a.normal) > 0.0f;
        }
        check(counterClockwise, "box triangles must be counter clockwise seen from outside");
    }

    void testFrozenRotationCapsule()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("frozen-capsule");

        GameObject* floor = scene.CreateGameObject("floor");
        floor->GetTransform().SetLocalPosition({0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f});
        floor->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{10.0f, 0.5f, 10.0f});
        floor->AddComponent<Rigidbody>()->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);

        GameObject* character = scene.CreateGameObject("character");
        character->AddComponent<CapsuleCollider>(0.4f, 1.8f);
        auto* body = character->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        body->SetFriction(1.0f);
        body->SetFreezeRotation(true);
        character->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f});

        GameObject* trigger = scene.CreateGameObject("trigger");
        trigger->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({2.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
        trigger->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{2.0f})->SetTrigger(true);
        trigger->AddComponent<Rigidbody>()->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);

        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*floor);
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*character);
        scene.GetPhysics().RefreshGameObject(*trigger);

        // Sliding with friction would tip a free capsule over
        body->SetLinearVelocity({4.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
        for (int step = 0; step < 180; ++step) {
            scene.FixedUpdate(1.0f / 60.0f);
        }

        const glm::vec3 position = character->GetTransform().GetWorldPosition();
        const glm::quat rotation = character->GetTransform().GetWorldRotation();
        check(std::abs(rotation.w) > 0.999f, "a capsule with frozen rotation must stay upright");
        check(std::abs(position.y - (-0.5f + 0.9f)) < 0.05f, "a capsule must rest on top of the floor");

        // Cast from inside the capsule (and the trigger it is standing in), like a ground check does
        PhysicsRaycastHit hit{};
        const bool hitGround = body->GetPhysicsWorld()->Raycast(
            position - glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.7f, 0.0f}, glm::vec3{0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f}, 0.3f, hit, body->GetBody());
        check(hitGround && hit.object == floor && hit.normal.y > 0.9f,
              "a ground ray must skip the caster and triggers and hit the floor");

        PhysicsRaycastHit selfHit{};
        check(body->GetPhysicsWorld()->Raycast(
                  position - glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.7f, 0.0f}, glm::vec3{0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f}, 0.3f, selfHit) &&
              selfHit.object == character,
              "a ray that doesn't ignore the caster must hit it");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    void testAnimatorAssetReferences()
    {
        GameObject object{"animated"};
        auto* animator = object.AddComponent<Animator>();

        Skeleton skeleton;
        Joint joint;
        joint.id = 0;
        joint.localTranslation = glm::vec3{0.0f};
        joint.localRotation = glm::identity<glm::quat>();
        joint.localScale = glm::vec3{1.0f};
        skeleton.joints.push_back(joint);
        skeleton.inverseBindMatrices.push_back(glm::mat4{1.0f});
        skeleton.jointNames.push_back("root");
        skeleton.assetReference.path = "engine://character.fbx";
        buildParentIndex(skeleton);
        animator->setSkeleton(std::move(skeleton));

        auto clip = std::make_shared<SkeletalAnimation>();
        clip->name = "walk";
        clip->assetReference.path = "engine://walk.fbx";
        clip->assetReference.subresource = "animation:0";
        clip->duration = 1.0f;
        SkeletalAnimation::Keyframe keyframe;
        keyframe.time = 0.0f;
        keyframe.translation = glm::vec3{0.0f};
        keyframe.rotation = glm::identity<glm::quat>();
        keyframe.scale = glm::vec3{1.0f};
        SkeletalAnimation::Track track;
        track.jointIndex = 0;
        track.keyframes.push_back(keyframe);
        clip->tracks.push_back(std::move(track));
        animator->addClip(std::move(clip));
        animator->play("walk");

        const auto data = animator->Serialize();
        check(data.contains("assetReferences"),
              "Animator scenes must store asset references");
        check(data.at("assetReferences").at("skeleton").at("path") == "engine://character.fbx",
              "Animator serialization must store the skeleton source");
        check(data.at("assetReferences").at("animations").at(0).at("asset").at("subresource") ==
                  "animation:0",
              "Animator serialization must store the animation subresource");
        check(data.dump().find("keyframes") == std::string::npos,
              "Animator scene data must not embed animation keyframes");
    }

    void testLightComponentRoundTrip()
    {
        GameObject object{"light"};
        auto* light = object.AddComponent<LightComponent>(LightType::Spot);
        light->SetColor(glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.5f, 0.25f});
        light->SetIntensity(4.0f);
        light->SetRange(7.5f);
        light->SetConeAngles(0.2f, 0.4f);
        light->SetCastShadows(true);

        const auto data = light->Serialize();

        GameObject loadedObject{"loaded light"};
        auto* loaded = loadedObject.AddComponent<LightComponent>();
        loaded->Deserialize(data);

        check(loaded->GetType() == LightType::Spot,
              "LightComponent must round-trip its type");
        check(loaded->GetColor() == glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.5f, 0.25f},
              "LightComponent must round-trip its color");
        check(loaded->GetIntensity() == 4.0f && loaded->GetRange() == 7.5f,
              "LightComponent must round-trip intensity and range");
        check(loaded->GetInnerConeAngle() == 0.2f && loaded->GetOuterConeAngle() == 0.4f,
              "LightComponent must round-trip its cone angles");
        check(loaded->GetCastShadows(),
              "LightComponent must round-trip its cast shadows flag");

        loaded->SetConeAngles(0.5f, 0.1f);
        check(loaded->GetOuterConeAngle() >= loaded->GetInnerConeAngle(),
              "LightComponent outer cone must never be smaller than the inner cone");

        loaded->SetRange(0.0f);
        check(loaded->GetRange() > 0.0f,
              "LightComponent range must stay positive");
    }

    void testSceneCurrentCamera()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("cameras");
        check(scene.GetCurrentCamera() == nullptr, "a scene without cameras must have no current camera");

        GameObject* first = scene.CreateGameObject("first camera");
        auto* firstCamera = first->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        check(scene.GetCurrentCamera() == firstCamera, "the only camera in a scene must be the current camera");

        GameObject* second = scene.CreateGameObject("second camera");
        auto* secondCamera = second->AddComponent<CameraComponent>();
        secondCamera->SetFieldOfView(60.0f);
        second->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f});
        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();
        secondCamera->MakeCurrent();
        check(scene.GetCurrentCamera() == secondCamera && !firstCamera->IsCurrent(),
              "the selected camera must be the current camera");

        const Camera& camera = secondCamera->GetCamera(16.0f / 9.0f);
        check(camera.GetPosition() == glm::vec3{1.0f, 2.0f, 3.0f} &&
              close(camera.GetForward().z, -1.0f) && camera.GetFOVY() == 60.0f,
              "a camera component must place its camera at its transform, looking down -Z");

        const auto path = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_camera_scene_test.json";
        check(SceneSerializer::Save(scene, path), "scene with cameras must save");
        check(SceneSerializer::Load(scene, path), "scene with cameras must load");
        std::filesystem::remove(path);

        const CameraComponent* loadedCamera = scene.GetCurrentCamera();
        check(loadedCamera != nullptr && loadedCamera->GetGameObject()->GetName() == "second camera" &&
              loadedCamera->GetFieldOfView() == 60.0f,
              "scene round-trip must preserve the current camera");

        scene.GetCurrentCamera()->GetGameObject()->SetActive(false);
        check(scene.GetCurrentCamera() != nullptr &&
              scene.GetCurrentCamera()->GetGameObject()->GetName() == "first camera",
              "an inactive current camera must fall back to another camera");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }

    ModelDoc::ModelAsset makeTestModelAsset()
    {
        Skeleton skeleton;
        skeleton.assetReference = {.path = "engine://character.fbx", .subresource = "skeleton"};
        skeleton.hierarchy = {{.id = 0, .children = {1}}, {.id = 1, .children = {}}};
        skeleton.inverseBindMatrices = {glm::mat4{1.0f}, glm::mat4{2.0f}};
        skeleton.joints = {
            {.id = 0, .localTranslation = glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}},
            {.id = 1, .localScale = glm::vec3{2.0f}},
        };
        skeleton.jointNames = {"root", "spine"};
        buildParentIndex(skeleton);

        CPUMesh mesh;
        mesh.indices = {0, 1, 2};
        mesh.vertices = {
            {.position = glm::vec3{0.0f}, .uv_x = 0.25f, .normal = glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}},
            {.position = glm::vec3{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, .tangent = glm::vec4{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f}},
            {.position = glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}, .uv_y = 0.75f},
        };
        mesh.skinningData = {
            {.jointIds = glm::uvec4{0, 1, 0, 0}, .weights = glm::vec4{0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f}},
            {.jointIds = glm::uvec4{1, 0, 0, 0}, .weights = glm::vec4{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}},
            {.jointIds = glm::uvec4{0, 0, 0, 0}, .weights = glm::vec4{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}},
        };
        mesh.name = "body";
        mesh.assetReference = {.path = "engine://character.fbx", .subresource = "mesh:0"};
        mesh.minPos = glm::vec3{0.0f};
        mesh.maxPos = glm::vec3{1.0f};
        mesh.skeleton = skeleton;

        ModelDoc::MeshPrimitive primitive;
        primitive.mesh = mesh;
        primitive.materialIndex = 0;
        primitive.nodeName = "Body";
        primitive.sourceMeshIndex = 3;
        primitive.skinned = true;
        primitive.nodeWorldTransform = glm::mat4{3.0f};

        ModelDoc::MaterialInfo material;
        material.name = "skin";
        material.assetReference = {.path = "engine://character.fbx", .subresource = "material:0"};
        material.baseColor = glm::vec4{0.8f, 0.6f, 0.4f, 1.0f};
        material.emissiveColor = glm::vec3{0.1f};
        material.metallicFactor = 0.2f;
        material.roughnessFactor = 0.9f;
        material.opacity = 0.5f;
        material.textures = {{
            .semantic = ModelDoc::TextureSemantic::BaseColor,
            .rawPath = "skin.png",
            .path = "textures/skin.png",
            .assimpType = aiTextureType_DIFFUSE,
            .slot = 1,
            .embedded = false,
        }};

        SkeletalAnimation animation;
        animation.assetReference = {.path = "engine://character.fbx", .subresource = "animation:0"};
        animation.tracks = {{
            .jointIndex = 1,
            .keyframes = {
                {.time = 0.0f, .translation = glm::vec3{0.0f}, .rotation = glm::identity<glm::quat>(), .scale = glm::vec3{1.0f}},
                {.time = 0.5f, .translation = glm::vec3{0.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f}, .rotation = glm::quat{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}, .scale = glm::vec3{1.0f}},
            },
        }};
        animation.duration = 0.5f;
        animation.looped = false;
        animation.name = "wave";
        animation.startFrame = 4;
        animation.events = {{2, {"footstep", "dust"}}};

        ModelDoc::ModelAsset model;
        model.sourcePath = "engine://character.fbx";
        model.primitives = {primitive};
        model.materials = {material};
        model.skeleton = skeleton;
        model.animations = {animation};
        return model;
    }

    bool modelFileReadThrows(const std::vector<std::uint8_t>& bytes)
    {
        try {
            (void)ModelFile::Read(bytes);
        } catch (const std::exception&) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    void testModelFileRoundTrip()
    {
        const auto bytes = ModelFile::Write(makeTestModelAsset());
        const auto loaded = ModelFile::Read(bytes);

        check(ModelFile::Write(loaded) == bytes,
              "a cooked model must write back to exactly the same bytes");

        check(loaded.sourcePath == "engine://character.fbx",
              "cooked models must keep their source path");

        check(loaded.primitives.size() == 1, "cooked models must keep their primitives");
        const auto& primitive = loaded.primitives.front();
        check(primitive.nodeName == "Body" && primitive.sourceMeshIndex == 3 && primitive.skinned,
              "cooked primitives must keep their import metadata");
        check(primitive.mesh.indices == std::vector<std::uint32_t>{0, 1, 2},
              "cooked meshes must keep their indices");
        check(primitive.mesh.vertices.size() == 3 &&
              primitive.mesh.vertices[0].uv_x == 0.25f &&
              primitive.mesh.vertices[1].tangent.w == -1.0f,
              "cooked meshes must keep their vertices");
        check(primitive.mesh.skinningData[0].jointIds.y == 1 &&
              primitive.mesh.skinningData[0].weights.x == 0.5f,
              "cooked meshes must keep their skinning data");
        check(primitive.mesh.skeleton.has_value() &&
              primitive.mesh.skeleton->jointNames.size() == 2,
              "cooked skinned meshes must keep their skeleton");

        check(loaded.materials.size() == 1 && loaded.materials.front().opacity == 0.5f,
              "cooked models must keep their materials");
        const auto& texture = loaded.materials.front().textures.front();
        check(texture.semantic == ModelDoc::TextureSemantic::BaseColor &&
              texture.path == "textures/skin.png" &&
              texture.assimpType == aiTextureType_DIFFUSE &&
              texture.slot == 1 &&
              !texture.embedded,
              "cooked materials must keep their textures");

        check(loaded.skeleton.jointNames == std::vector<std::string>{"root", "spine"} &&
              loaded.skeleton.parentIndex == std::vector<int>{-1, 0} &&
              loaded.skeleton.joints[1].localScale == glm::vec3{2.0f},
              "cooked models must keep their skeleton");

        check(loaded.animations.size() == 1, "cooked models must keep their animations");
        const auto& animation = loaded.animations.front();
        check(animation.name == "wave" && !animation.looped && animation.startFrame == 4,
              "cooked animations must keep their settings");
        check(animation.tracks.front().keyframes[1].translation.y == 2.0f &&
              animation.tracks.front().keyframes[1].rotation.x == 1.0f,
              "cooked animations must keep their keyframes");
        check(animation.events.at(2) == std::vector<std::string>{"footstep", "dust"},
              "cooked animations must keep their events");
    }

    void testModelFileRejectsBadData()
    {
        const auto bytes = ModelFile::Write(makeTestModelAsset());

        auto truncated = bytes;
        truncated.resize(bytes.size() / 2);
        check(modelFileReadThrows(truncated), "truncated cooked models must be rejected");

        auto wrongMagic = bytes;
        wrongMagic[0] = 'X';
        check(modelFileReadThrows(wrongMagic), "files that aren't cooked models must be rejected");

        auto wrongVersion = bytes;
        wrongVersion[4] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(wrongVersion[4] + 1);
        check(modelFileReadThrows(wrongVersion), "cooked models from another version must be rejected");

        auto trailingData = bytes;
        trailingData.push_back(0);
        check(modelFileReadThrows(trailingData), "cooked models with trailing data must be rejected");
    }

    void testModelFileFromImportedModel()
    {
        const auto source = std::filesystem::path{DESTRUM_ENGINE_ASSETS_SRC_DIR} / "sphere.fbx";
        const auto imported = ModelDoc::LoadModel(source.generic_string());

        const auto path = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_model_test.dmodel";
        ModelFile::WriteToFile(imported, path);
        const auto loaded = ModelFile::ReadFromFile(path);
        std::filesystem::remove(path);

        check(!imported.primitives.empty(), "the test model must import with at least one primitive");
        check(loaded.primitives.size() == imported.primitives.size() &&
              loaded.primitives.front().mesh.vertices.size() == imported.primitives.front().mesh.vertices.size() &&
              loaded.primitives.front().mesh.indices == imported.primitives.front().mesh.indices,
              "an imported model must survive being cooked");
        check(ModelFile::Write(loaded) == ModelFile::Write(imported),
              "a cooked imported model must match the import exactly");
    }

    bool loadModelThrows(std::string_view reference, const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options)
    {
        try {
            (void)AssetManager::GetInstance().LoadModel(reference, options);
        } catch (const std::exception&) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    void testAssetManagerLoadsCookedModels()
    {
        const auto root = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_cooked_model_test";
        const auto engineDir = root / "assets" / "engine";
        std::filesystem::remove_all(root);
        std::filesystem::create_directories(engineDir);
        std::filesystem::create_directories(root / "assets" / "game");

        // The source can't be imported, so a successful load has to come from the cooked file
        std::ofstream{engineDir / "model.fbx"} << "not a model";
        ModelFile::WriteToFile(makeTestModelAsset(), engineDir / "model.fbx.dmodel");
        std::ofstream{engineDir / "manifest.json"}
            << R"({"version":1,"assets":[{"src":"model.fbx","out":"model.fbx.dmodel","type":"model","mtime_epoch_ns":0,"size_bytes":0}]})";

        auto& assetFs = AssetFS::GetInstance();
        assetFs.Init(root);

        const auto model = AssetManager::GetInstance().LoadModel("engine://model.fbx");
        check(model.primitives.size() == 1 && model.animations.size() == 1,
              "cooked models must be loaded instead of importing the source");
        check(model.sourcePath == "engine://model.fbx" &&
              model.primitives.front().mesh.assetReference.path == "engine://model.fbx" &&
              model.primitives.front().mesh.skeleton->assetReference.path == "engine://model.fbx",
              "cooked models must be referenced by their virtual path");
        check(model.materials.front().textures.front().path ==
                  std::filesystem::weakly_canonical(engineDir / "textures/skin.png").generic_string(),
              "cooked texture paths must be resolved next to the cooked model");

        ModelDoc::LoadOptions withoutExtras{};
        withoutExtras.loadMaterials = false;
        withoutExtras.loadAnimations = false;
        const auto stripped = AssetManager::GetInstance().LoadModel("engine://model.fbx", withoutExtras);
        check(stripped.materials.empty() &&
              stripped.animations.empty() &&
              stripped.primitives.front().materialIndex == ModelDoc::InvalidIndex,
              "cooked models must drop what the load options didn't ask for");

        ModelDoc::LoadOptions withoutSkeleton{};
        withoutSkeleton.loadSkeleton = false;
        check(loadModelThrows("engine://model.fbx", withoutSkeleton),
              "skinned cooked models must be imported when loaded without a skeleton");

        ModelDoc::LoadOptions otherImport{};
        otherImport.flipUVs = false;
        check(loadModelThrows("engine://model.fbx", otherImport),
              "cooked models must be imported when the import options differ from the cook options");

        assetFs.Reset();
        std::filesystem::remove_all(root);
    }

    TextureFile::Texture makeTestTexture()
    {
        const std::vector<float> rgba{
            0.0f, 0.25f, 0.5f, 1.0f,
            2.0f, 16.0f, 100.0f, 1.0f,
        };
        return TextureFile::FromRGBA32Float(2, 1, rgba);
    }

    bool textureFileReadThrows(const std::vector<std::uint8_t>& bytes)
    {
        try {
            (void)TextureFile::Read(bytes);
        } catch (const std::exception&) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    void testTextureFileRoundTrip()
    {
        const auto texture = makeTestTexture();
        check(texture.pixels.size() == 2 * TextureFile::BytesPerPixel(TextureFile::PixelFormat::RGBA16Float),
              "cooked textures must store every pixel");

        std::uint64_t secondPixel = 0;
        std::memcpy(&secondPixel, texture.pixels.data() + 8, sizeof(secondPixel));
        const glm::vec4 unpacked = glm::unpackHalf4x16(secondPixel);
        check(unpacked == glm::vec4{2.0f, 16.0f, 100.0f, 1.0f},
              "half float conversion must keep HDR values above 1");

        const auto bytes = TextureFile::Write(texture);
        const auto loaded = TextureFile::Read(bytes);
        check(loaded.width == 2 && loaded.height == 1 &&
              loaded.format == TextureFile::PixelFormat::RGBA16Float &&
              loaded.pixels == texture.pixels,
              "cooked textures must round-trip");

        auto truncated = bytes;
        truncated.resize(bytes.size() - 1);
        check(textureFileReadThrows(truncated), "truncated cooked textures must be rejected");

        auto wrongMagic = bytes;
        wrongMagic[0] = 'X';
        check(textureFileReadThrows(wrongMagic), "files that aren't cooked textures must be rejected");

        auto wrongSize = bytes;
        wrongSize[8] = 3;
        check(textureFileReadThrows(wrongSize), "cooked textures whose size doesn't match their pixels must be rejected");
    }

    void testImageLoaderReadsCookedTextures()
    {
        const auto path = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "destrum_texture_test.dtex";
        const auto texture = makeTestTexture();
        TextureFile::WriteToFile(texture, path);

        const auto image = util::loadImage(path, TextureIntent::ColorSrgb);
        std::filesystem::remove(path);

        check(image.vkFormat == VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT &&
              image.width == 2 && image.height == 1 &&
              image.byteSize == texture.pixels.size(),
              "cooked textures must load as half float images");
        check(image.pixels != nullptr &&
              std::memcmp(image.pixels, texture.pixels.data(), texture.pixels.size()) == 0,
              "cooked texture pixels must be uploaded as stored");
    }

    void testSimpleColorMaterial()
    {
        const auto material = Material::SimpleColor(
            glm::vec3{0.2f, 0.4f, 0.8f},
            "blue material");

        check(material.baseColor == glm::vec3{0.2f, 0.4f, 0.8f},
              "simple materials must preserve their color");
        check(material.metallicFactor == 0.0f &&
              material.roughnessFactor == 1.0f &&
              material.emissiveColor == glm::vec3{0.0f},
              "simple materials must use non-metallic default factors");
        check(material.diffuseTexture == NULL_IMAGE_ID,
              "simple materials must not require a diffuse image");
        check(material.name == "blue material",
              "simple materials must preserve their optional name");
    }

    void testAssetReferenceCacheKeys()
    {
        const AssetReference reference{
            .path = "game://CharacterMedium.fbx",
            .subresource = "mesh:0",
        };

        const auto key = reference.cacheKey();
        check(key == "game://CharacterMedium.fbx#mesh:0",
              "asset references must produce stable cache keys");

        const auto parsed = AssetReference::fromCacheKey(key);
        check(parsed.has_value() &&
              parsed->path == reference.path &&
              parsed->subresource == reference.subresource,
              "asset cache keys must recover their source reference");
        check(!AssetReference::fromCacheKey("CharacterMedium.fbx").has_value(),
              "plain cache names must not be treated as file-backed assets");
    }

    class TriggerTracker final : public Component {
    public:
        explicit TriggerTracker(GameObject& owner)
            : Component(owner, "TriggerTracker") {}

        void Update(float) override {}
        std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "TriggerTracker"; }

        void OnTriggerEnter(GameObject* other) override {
            ++enterCount;
            lastOther = other;
            enterObjectName = other ? other->GetName() : "null";
        }

        void OnTriggerExit(GameObject* other) override {
            ++exitCount;
        }

        int enterCount{0};
        int exitCount{0};
        GameObject* lastOther{nullptr};
        std::string enterObjectName;
    };

    void testTriggerZone()
    {
        Scene& scene = SceneManager::GetInstance().CreateScene("trigger-test");

        // Trigger box at origin (Static rigidbody + BoxCollider as trigger).
        GameObject* triggerObj = scene.CreateGameObject("TriggerZone");
        triggerObj->AddComponent<BoxCollider>(glm::vec3{3.0f, 3.0f, 3.0f});
        triggerObj->GetComponent<BoxCollider>()->SetTrigger(true);
        auto* triggerRb = triggerObj->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        triggerRb->SetType(RigidbodyType::Static);
        auto* tracker = triggerObj->AddComponent<TriggerTracker>();

        // Falling sphere above the trigger.
        GameObject* sphere = scene.CreateGameObject("FallingSphere");
        sphere->AddComponent<SphereCollider>(0.5f);
        sphere->AddComponent<Rigidbody>();
        sphere->GetTransform().SetWorldPosition({0.0f, 8.0f, 0.0f});

        scene.CommitPendingAdditions();

        // Run physics for enough steps that the sphere falls into the trigger.
        for (int step = 0; step < 120; ++step) {
            scene.FixedUpdate(1.0f / 60.0f);
        }

        check(tracker->enterCount >= 1,
              "falling sphere must trigger OnTriggerEnter at least once");
        check(tracker->exitCount >= 1,
              "falling sphere passing through trigger must exit");
        check(tracker->enterObjectName == "FallingSphere",
              "OnTriggerEnter must report the correct entering object");

        SceneManager::GetInstance().Destroy();
    }
}

int main()
{
    testTransforms();
    testSceneFindGameObject();
    testSceneRoundTrip();
    testEventMutation();
    testEventRemoval();
    testComponentRemoval();
    testEngineComponentRegistration();
    testLineRenderingManager();
    testAssetPathValidation();
    testLegacySceneLoad();
    testSceneLoadRollback();
    testPhysicsWorldUnits();
    testJoltSphereCollisions();
    testSceneJoltSphereCollisions();
    testNonPhysicsChangesKeepBodies();
    testAnimatorAssetReferences();
    testLightComponentRoundTrip();
    testModelFileRoundTrip();
    testModelFileRejectsBadData();
    testModelFileFromImportedModel();
    testAssetManagerLoadsCookedModels();
    testTextureFileRoundTrip();
    testImageLoaderReadsCookedTextures();
    testSimpleColorMaterial();
    testAssetReferenceCacheKeys();
    testTriggerZone();
    testSceneCurrentCamera();
    testFrozenRotationCapsule();
    testPrimitiveBoxMesh();
    testColliderCenterOffset();
    testCapsuleColliderDebugLines();
    testFrustumFromViewProj();
    testKinematicBodiesMoveWithVelocity();
    testRenderer2DShapes();
    testFontAtlasAndLayout();
    std::cout << "destrum tests passed\n";
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}