SamplerState gSampleState : SampleState;
RasterizerState gRasterizerState : RastState;

float4x4 gWorldViewProj : WorldViewProjection;
float4x4 gWorldMatrix : WorldMatrix;

texture2D gDiffuseMap : DiffuseMap;
texture2D gNormalMap : Normal;
texture2D gSpecularMap : Specular;
texture2D gGlossMap : Gloss;

float3 gLightDirection : LightDirection;
float3 gLightColor : LightColor;
float3 gCameraPosition : CameraPosition;
bool gUseNormal : UseNormal;


static const float3 gAmbient = float3(.03f, .03f, .03f);
static const float gLightIntensity = 7.f;
static const float PI = 3.14159f;
static const float gSpecularReflectance = 1.f;
static const float gShininess = 25.f;

//Input output
struct VS_INPUT {
    float3 Position : POSITION;
    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
    float3 Normal : NORMAL;
    float3 Tangent : TANGENT;
    float4 InstanceWorld0 : INSTANCEWORLD0;
    float4 InstanceWorld1 : INSTANCEWORLD1;
    float4 InstanceWorld2 : INSTANCEWORLD2;
    float4 InstanceWorld3 : INSTANCEWORLD3;
    float4 InstanceColor : INSTANCECOLOR;
};
struct VS_OUTPUT {
    float4 Position : SV_POSITION;
    float4 WorldPosition : WORLDPOSITION;
    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD;
    float3 Normal : NORMAL;
    float3 Tangent : TANGENT;
    float4 Color : COLOR; // Pass instance color to the pixel shader
};


//----------------------
//  Rasterizer state
//----------------------
// RasterizerState gRasterizerState
// {
//     CullMode = none;
//     FrontCounterClockwise = false; //default
// };


//Vertex shader
VS_OUTPUT VS(VS_INPUT input) {

    VS_OUTPUT output;

    // Reconstruct the world matrix from instance data
    float4x4 instanceWorld = float4x4(
        input.InstanceWorld0,
        input.InstanceWorld1,
        input.InstanceWorld2,
        input.InstanceWorld3
    );

    // Transform the position to world space and then to clip space
    float4 worldPosition = mul(float4(input.Position, 1.0f), instanceWorld);
    output.Position = mul(worldPosition, gWorldViewProj); // Transform to clip space using gViewProjMatrix
    output.WorldPosition = worldPosition; // Pass through the
//
    // Extract the 3x3 upper portion of the world matrix for normal and tangent transformations
    float3x3 instanceWorld3x3 = (float3x3)instanceWorld; // Extract upper 3x3 matrix
    output.Normal = normalize(mul(input.Normal, instanceWorld3x3)); // Transform and normalize the normal
    output.Tangent = normalize(mul(input.Tangent, instanceWorld3x3)); // Transform and normalize the tangent

    // Pass through texture coordinates
    output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;

    // Pass through the instance color
    output.Color = input.InstanceColor;

    return output;
}
float3 Phong(float ks, float exp, float3 l, float3 v, float3 n)
{
    float3 reflected = reflect(l, n);
    float cosAngle = dot(reflected, v);
    return ks * pow(max(0.f, cosAngle), exp) * gLightColor;
}
float3 Lambert(float kd, float3 cd)
{
    return (kd * cd) / PI;
}


float3 Shade(VS_OUTPUT input)
{
    // Sample diffuse, specular, and gloss maps
    float3 diffuseSample = gDiffuseMap.Sample(gSampleState, input.TexCoord).rgb;
    float3 specularSample = gSpecularMap.Sample(gSampleState, input.TexCoord).rgb;
    float glossSample = gGlossMap.Sample(gSampleState, input.TexCoord).x;
    float3 normalSample = gNormalMap.Sample(gSampleState, input.TexCoord).rgb;

    // Compute inversed view and light directions
    float3 invViewDirection = normalize(gCameraPosition - input.WorldPosition.xyz);
    float3 invLightDirection = -gLightDirection;

    // Compute tangent space axes if normal mapping is used
    float3 normal = input.Normal;
    if (gUseNormal) {
        float3 binormal = cross(input.Normal, input.Tangent);
        float3x3 tangentSpaceAxis = float3x3(input.Tangent, binormal, input.Normal);

        // Sample and transform normal map
        normal = float3(2.f * normalSample.x - 1.f,
                        2.f * normalSample.y - 1.f,
                        2.f * normalSample.z - 1.f);
        normal = mul(normal, tangentSpaceAxis);
    }

    // Compute Lambert diffuse lighting
    float3 diffuse = Lambert(gLightIntensity, diffuseSample);

    // Compute Phong specular lighting
    float ks = (specularSample.x + specularSample.y + specularSample.z) / 3.f;
    float3 specular = Phong(ks, glossSample * gShininess, invLightDirection, invViewDirection, normal);

    // Compute observed area based on the cosine of the light angle
    float cosAngle = dot(invLightDirection, normal);
    float3 observedArea = float3(cosAngle, cosAngle, cosAngle);

    // Combine lighting components
    float3 color = saturate(diffuse * observedArea + specular + gAmbient * cosAngle);

    return color;
}
float4 PS(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET {
    // Normalize vectors
    float3 norm = normalize(input.Normal);
    float3 lightDir = normalize(gLightDirection);
    float3 viewDir = normalize(gCameraPosition - input.WorldPosition.xyz);

    // Compute ambient lighting
    float3 ambient = gAmbient * gLightColor;

    // Compute diffuse lighting
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0f); // Ensure clamping to non-negative values
    float3 diffuse = diff * gLightColor;

    // Compute specular lighting
    float3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm); // Reflect light direction around normal
    float spec = pow(max(dot(reflectDir, viewDir), 0.0f), gShininess); // Apply shininess exponent
    float3 specular = gSpecularReflectance * spec * gLightColor;

    // Combine the lighting components with input color
    float3 finalColor = ambient + diffuse + specular;
//     return float4(finalColor * input.Color.rgb, input.Color.a); // Multiply by vertex color
    return gDiffuseMap.Sample(gSampleState, input.TexCoord);
}

float4 PSNormal(VS_OUTPUT input) : SV_TARGET {
    // Normalize the input normal
    float3 norm = normalize(input.Normal);

    // Map the normal from [-1, 1] to [0, 1]
    float3 normalColor = 0.5f * (norm + 1.0f);

    // Output the normal as RGB color
    return float4(normalColor, 1.0f); // Alpha is set to 1 for full opacity
}

DepthStencilState gDepthStencilState
{
    //enable
    DepthEnable = true;
    DepthWriteMask = ALL;
    DepthFunc = LESS;
    //stencil
    StencilEnable = true;
};


technique11 DefaultTechnique {
    pass P0 {
        SetDepthStencilState(gDepthStencilState, 0);
        SetRasterizerState(gRasterizerState);
        SetVertexShader(CompileShader(vs_5_0, VS()));
        SetGeometryShader(NULL);
        SetPixelShader(CompileShader(ps_5_0, PS()));
    }
}