feat: Add Camera component / Add cooked model and texture loading

.gitignore

@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ lightkeeper/assets_runtime
 .idea/**
 
 build/**
+
+CLAUDE.md
+docs/**

.gitmodules

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 [submodule "destrum/third_party/imgui"]
 	path = destrum/third_party/imgui
 	url = https://github.com/ocornut/imgui.git
+	branch = docking
 [submodule "destrum/third_party/jolt"]
 	path = destrum/third_party/jolt
 	url = https://github.com/jrouwe/JoltPhysics.git

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ if (TARGET _internal_validate_engine_shaders)
     add_dependencies(ValidateShaders _internal_validate_engine_shaders)
 endif()
 
+destrum_enable_warnings(destrum_assets)
 destrum_enable_warnings(destrum)
 destrum_enable_warnings(lightkeeper)
 

Readme.md

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ cmake --install build --config Release
 
 ## Demo app
 
-`lightkeeper` is the current game application. It launches **Star Catcher**, a small playable loop built from the engine's scene and rendering systems. Move the blue catcher with `A`/`D` or the arrow keys, catch orange stars, and press `R` to restart after three misses. Press `Escape` to quit.
+`lightkeeper` is the current demo application. It creates an SDL window, initializes the Destrum app, loads assets, sets up a scene, renders meshes, skyboxes, and a skinned animated character.
 
 ## Development notes
 

destrum/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,43 @@
 add_subdirectory(third_party)
 
+# CPU side asset types and the cooked model format, shared with TheChef (no Vulkan / SDL dependencies)
+add_library(destrum_assets
+        "src/Assets/ModelFile.cpp"
+        "src/Assets/TextureFile.cpp"
+)
+
+add_library(destrum::assets ALIAS destrum_assets)
+
+set_target_properties(destrum_assets PROPERTIES
+        CXX_STANDARD 20
+        CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF
+)
+
+target_include_directories(destrum_assets PUBLIC "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/include")
+
+target_link_libraries(destrum_assets
+        PUBLIC
+        glm::glm
+        assimp
+        spdlog::spdlog
+)
+
+target_compile_definitions(destrum_assets
+        PUBLIC
+        GLM_FORCE_CTOR_INIT
+        GLM_FORCE_XYZW_ONLY
+        GLM_FORCE_EXPLICIT_CTOR
+        GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
+        GLM_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL
+)
+
 set(SRC_FILES
         "src/App.cpp"
         "src/Event.cpp"
 
         "src/Components/Animator.cpp"
+        "src/Components/CameraComponent.cpp"
+        "src/Components/LightComponent.cpp"
         "src/Components/MeshRendererComponent.cpp"
         "src/Components/Rotator.cpp"
         "src/Components/Spinner.cpp"
@@ -32,18 +65,25 @@ set(SRC_FILES
         "src/Graphics/Swapchain.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Util.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/RenderResources.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/ResourcesInspector.cpp"
 
         "src/Graphics/Managers/VulkanInstanceManager.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Managers/MemoryManager.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Managers/FrameManager.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Managers/ImageManager.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.cpp"
 
         "src/Graphics/Resources/GPUImage.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Resources/NBuffer.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Resources/Cubemap.cpp"
 
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.cpp"
+        "src/Graphics/Pipelines/ShadowMapPipeline.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/SkinningPipeline.cpp"
         "src/Graphics/Pipelines/ImguiPass.cpp"
 
@@ -92,6 +132,8 @@ target_include_directories(destrum PRIVATE
 
 target_link_libraries(destrum
         PUBLIC
+        destrum_assets
+
         volk::volk_headers
         vk-bootstrap::vk-bootstrap
         GPUOpen::VulkanMemoryAllocator
@@ -129,15 +171,6 @@ else ()
     target_link_libraries(destrum PUBLIC SDL2::SDL2-static)
 endif ()
 
-target_compile_definitions(destrum
-        PUBLIC
-        GLM_FORCE_CTOR_INIT
-        GLM_FORCE_XYZW_ONLY
-        GLM_FORCE_EXPLICIT_CTOR
-        GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
-        GLM_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL
-)
-
 set(ASSETS_SRC_DIR     "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/assets_src")
 set(ASSETS_RUNTIME_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/assets_runtime")
 #set(OUTPUT_ENGINE_ASSETS_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/assets/engine")
@@ -161,10 +194,6 @@ add_custom_target(_internal_clean_engine_assets
 )
 
 add_custom_target(_internal_cook_engine_assets
-        COMMAND TheChef
-        --input  "${ASSETS_SRC_DIR}"
-        --output "${ASSETS_RUNTIME_DIR}"
-        --clean
         COMMAND TheChef
         --input  "${ASSETS_SRC_DIR}"
         --output "${ASSETS_RUNTIME_DIR}"
@@ -221,7 +250,7 @@ function(destrum_cook_engine_assets GAME_TARGET GAME_OUTPUT_DIR)
     install(DIRECTORY "${_engine_runtime}/" DESTINATION "bin/assets/engine")
 endfunction()
 
-install(TARGETS destrum
+install(TARGETS destrum destrum_assets
         ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
         LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
         RUNTIME DESTINATION bin)

destrum/assets_src/shaders/bindless.glsl

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ vec4 sampleTextureCubeLinear(uint texID, vec3 p) {
     return texture(nonuniformEXT(samplerCube(textureCubes[texID], samplers[LINEAR_SAMPLER_ID])), p);
 }
 
+float sampleTexture2DShadow(uint texID, vec3 p) {
+    return texture(nonuniformEXT(sampler2DShadow(textures[texID], samplers[SHADOW_SAMPLER_ID])), p);
+}
+
 float sampleTextureArrayShadow(uint texID, vec4 p) {
     return texture(nonuniformEXT(sampler2DArrayShadow(textureArrays[texID], samplers[SHADOW_SAMPLER_ID])), p);
 }

destrum/assets_src/shaders/light_culling.comp

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#version 460
+
+#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive : require
+#extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
+#extension GL_EXT_scalar_block_layout : require
+
+#include "bindless.glsl"
+#include "scene_data.glsl"
+
+// Forward+ light culling.
+// One workgroup per LIGHT_TILE_SIZE x LIGHT_TILE_SIZE screen tile:
+//   1. find the min/max depth of the tile from the depth pre-pass
+//   2. build the tile frustum in view space
+//   3. test every light against it and write the visible ones to the tile's light list
+
+layout (push_constant, scalar) uniform constants
+{
+    SceneDataBuffer sceneData;
+    uvec2 screenSize;
+    uint depthTexID;
+    uint padding;
+} pcs;
+
+layout (local_size_x = LIGHT_TILE_SIZE, local_size_y = LIGHT_TILE_SIZE, local_size_z = 1) in;
+
+#define THREADS_PER_TILE (LIGHT_TILE_SIZE * LIGHT_TILE_SIZE)
+
+shared uint tileMinDepth;
+shared uint tileMaxDepth;
+shared uint tileLightCount;
+
+// left, right, bottom, top side planes (view space, through the camera origin)
+shared vec4 tilePlanes[4];
+// view space distances along -Z
+shared float tileNearDistance;
+shared float tileFarDistance;
+
+vec3 unprojectToView(vec2 ndc, float depth)
+{
+    vec4 p = pcs.sceneData.invProj * vec4(ndc, depth, 1.0);
+    return p.xyz / p.w;
+}
+
+// Plane through the camera origin and two points, normal facing towards `inside`
+vec4 makeSidePlane(vec3 a, vec3 b, vec3 inside)
+{
+    vec3 n = normalize(cross(a, b));
+    if (dot(n, inside) < 0.0) {
+        n = -n;
+    }
+    return vec4(n, 0.0);
+}
+
+bool sphereInsideTile(vec3 center, float radius)
+{
+    float distance = -center.z;
+    if (distance + radius < tileNearDistance || distance - radius > tileFarDistance) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        if (dot(tilePlanes[i].xyz, center) + tilePlanes[i].w < -radius) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void main()
+{
+    uint localIndex = gl_LocalInvocationIndex;
+    uvec2 tileID = gl_WorkGroupID.xy;
+    uint tileIndex = tileID.y * pcs.sceneData.tileCountX + tileID.x;
+    uint tileOffset = tileIndex * LIGHT_TILE_STRIDE;
+
+    if (localIndex == 0) {
+        tileMinDepth = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+        tileMaxDepth = 0u;
+        tileLightCount = 0u;
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    // 1. min / max depth
+    uvec2 pixel = gl_GlobalInvocationID.xy;
+    if (all(lessThan(pixel, pcs.screenSize))) {
+        float depth = texelFetch(
+            sampler2D(textures[pcs.depthTexID], samplers[NEAREST_SAMPLER_ID]),
+            ivec2(pixel),
+            0).r;
+
+        // depth == 1.0 is the cleared far plane (sky), nothing there receives light.
+        // Depth is always positive, so its bits can be compared as uints.
+        if (depth < 1.0) {
+            uint depthBits = floatBitsToUint(depth);
+            atomicMin(tileMinDepth, depthBits);
+            atomicMax(tileMaxDepth, depthBits);
+        }
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    // 2. tile frustum
+    bool tileHasGeometry = tileMinDepth != 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+
+    if (localIndex == 0 && tileHasGeometry) {
+        vec2 screenSize = vec2(pcs.screenSize);
+        vec2 ndcMin = vec2(tileID * LIGHT_TILE_SIZE) / screenSize * 2.0 - 1.0;
+        vec2 ndcMax = vec2((tileID + 1) * LIGHT_TILE_SIZE) / screenSize * 2.0 - 1.0;
+        vec2 ndcCenter = (ndcMin + ndcMax) * 0.5;
+
+        vec3 corner00 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMin.x, ndcMin.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 corner10 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMax.x, ndcMin.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 corner11 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMax.x, ndcMax.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 corner01 = unprojectToView(vec2(ndcMin.x, ndcMax.y), 1.0);
+        vec3 center = unprojectToView(ndcCenter, 1.0);
+
+        tilePlanes[0] = makeSidePlane(corner01, corner00, center);
+        tilePlanes[1] = makeSidePlane(corner10, corner11, center);
+        tilePlanes[2] = makeSidePlane(corner00, corner10, center);
+        tilePlanes[3] = makeSidePlane(corner11, corner01, center);
+
+        tileNearDistance = -unprojectToView(ndcCenter, uintBitsToFloat(tileMinDepth)).z;
+        tileFarDistance = -unprojectToView(ndcCenter, uintBitsToFloat(tileMaxDepth)).z;
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    // 3. cull lights, every thread takes a slice of the light list
+    if (tileHasGeometry) {
+        for (uint i = localIndex; i < pcs.sceneData.numLights; i += THREADS_PER_TILE) {
+            Light light = pcs.sceneData.lights.data[i];
+
+            bool visible = light.type == TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT;
+            if (!visible) {
+                vec3 viewPos = (pcs.sceneData.view * vec4(light.position, 1.0)).xyz;
+                visible = sphereInsideTile(viewPos, light.range);
+            }
+
+            if (visible) {
+                uint slot = atomicAdd(tileLightCount, 1u);
+                if (slot < MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE) {
+                    pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset + 1 + slot] = i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    memoryBarrierShared();
+    barrier();
+
+    if (localIndex == 0) {
+        pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset] = min(tileLightCount, uint(MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE));
+    }
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/lighting.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTING_GLSL
+#define LIGHTING_GLSL
+
+#include "lights.glsl"
+
+#define PI 3.14159265359
+
+// GGX / Trowbridge-Reitz normal distribution
+float distributionGGX(float NoH, float roughness)
+{
+    float a = roughness * roughness;
+    float a2 = a * a;
+    float d = NoH * NoH * (a2 - 1.0) + 1.0;
+    return a2 / (PI * d * d);
+}
+
+// Smith-Schlick GGX, k remapped for direct lighting
+float geometrySmithGGX(float NoV, float NoL, float roughness)
+{
+    float r = roughness + 1.0;
+    float k = (r * r) / 8.0;
+    float ggxV = NoV / (NoV * (1.0 - k) + k);
+    float ggxL = NoL / (NoL * (1.0 - k) + k);
+    return ggxV * ggxL;
+}
+
+vec3 fresnelSchlick(float VoH, vec3 f0)
+{
+    return f0 + (1.0 - f0) * pow(1.0 - VoH, 5.0);
+}
+
+// Inverse square falloff, windowed so it reaches exactly 0 at the light range.
+// The range is also the sphere the light culling uses, so no light gets cut off at a tile edge.
+float calculateDistanceAttenuation(float distance, float range)
+{
+    float window = clamp(1.0 - pow(distance / range, 4.0), 0.0, 1.0);
+    return (window * window) / max(distance * distance, 0.0001);
+}
+
+float calculateSpotAttenuation(Light light, vec3 l)
+{
+    float cd = dot(normalize(light.direction), -l);
+    return smoothstep(light.spotOuterCos, light.spotInnerCos, cd);
+}
+
+vec3 calculateLight(Light light, vec3 fragPos, vec3 n, vec3 v,
+                    vec3 diffuseColor, float roughness, float metallic, vec3 f0, float occlusion)
+{
+    vec3 l;
+    float attenuation = 1.0;
+
+    if (light.type == TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) {
+        l = normalize(-light.direction);
+    } else {
+        vec3 toLight = light.position - fragPos;
+        float distance = length(toLight);
+        l = toLight / max(distance, 0.0001);
+
+        attenuation = calculateDistanceAttenuation(distance, light.range);
+        if (light.type == TYPE_SPOT_LIGHT) {
+            attenuation *= calculateSpotAttenuation(light, l);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float NoL = clamp(dot(n, l), 0.0, 1.0);
+    if (NoL <= 0.0 || attenuation <= 0.0) {
+        return vec3(0.0);
+    }
+
+    vec3 h = normalize(v + l);
+    float NoV = clamp(dot(n, v), 0.0001, 1.0);
+    float NoH = clamp(dot(n, h), 0.0, 1.0);
+    float VoH = clamp(dot(v, h), 0.0, 1.0);
+
+    float D = distributionGGX(NoH, roughness);
+    float G = geometrySmithGGX(NoV, NoL, roughness);
+    vec3 F = fresnelSchlick(VoH, f0);
+
+    vec3 specular = (D * G * F) / (4.0 * NoV * NoL + 0.0001);
+    vec3 kd = (vec3(1.0) - F) * (1.0 - metallic);
+    vec3 diffuse = kd * diffuseColor / PI;
+
+    return (diffuse + specular) * light.color * light.intensity * attenuation * NoL * occlusion;
+}
+
+// blue -> green -> red, used to visualise how many lights a tile has
+vec3 lightHeatmapColor(uint lightCount)
+{
+    float t = clamp(float(lightCount) / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+    if (t < 0.5) {
+        return mix(vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), t * 2.0);
+    }
+    return mix(vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (t - 0.5) * 2.0);
+}
+
+#endif // LIGHTING_GLSL

destrum/assets_src/shaders/lights.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTS_GLSL
+#define LIGHTS_GLSL
+
+#extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
+
+#define TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT 0
+#define TYPE_POINT_LIGHT 1
+#define TYPE_SPOT_LIGHT 2
+
+// Forward+ tiling, must match LightCullingPipeline::TILE_SIZE / MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE
+#define LIGHT_TILE_SIZE 16
+#define MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE 255
+// Every tile stores its light count first, followed by MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE light indices
+#define LIGHT_TILE_STRIDE (MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE + 1)
+
+// Must match GPULight in Light.h
+struct Light {
+    vec3 position;
+    float range;
+
+    vec3 color;
+    float intensity;
+
+    // direction the light is pointing in (directional + spot lights)
+    vec3 direction;
+    uint type;
+
+    float spotInnerCos;
+    float spotOuterCos;
+    uint castShadows;
+    float padding;
+};
+
+layout (buffer_reference, std430) readonly buffer LightsBuffer {
+    Light data[];
+};
+
+layout (buffer_reference, std430) buffer TileLightIndicesBuffer {
+    uint data[];
+};
+
+#endif // LIGHTS_GLSL

destrum/assets_src/shaders/line.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#version 460
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec4 inColor;
+layout (location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;
+
+void main()
+{
+    outFragColor = inColor;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/line.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#version 460
+
+layout (location = 0) in vec4 inPosition;
+layout (location = 1) in vec4 inColor;
+
+layout (location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+layout (push_constant) uniform LinePushConstants {
+    mat4 viewProjection;
+} pcs;
+
+void main()
+{
+    gl_Position = pcs.viewProjection * inPosition;
+    outColor = inColor;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/mesh.frag

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "bindless.glsl"
 #include "scene_data.glsl"
 #include "mesh_pcs.glsl"
+#include "lighting.glsl"
+#include "shadows.glsl"
 
 layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
 layout (location = 1) in vec2 inUV;
@@ -20,16 +22,13 @@ void main()
     uint samplerID = pcs.sceneData.materials.data[pcs.materialID].textureFilteringMode;
 
     vec4 diffuse = sampleTexture2D(material.diffuseTex, samplerID, inUV) * material.baseColor;
-    outFragColor = diffuse;
-
+    vec3 baseColor = diffuse.rgb;
 
 //    if (diffuse.a < 0.1) {
 //        discard;
 //    }
-//
-//    vec3 baseColor = material.baseColor.rgb * diffuse.rgb;
-//
-//    vec3 normal = normalize(inNormal).rgb;
+
+    vec3 normal = normalize(inNormal);
 //    if (inTangent != vec4(0.0)) {
 //        // FIXME: sometimes Blender doesn't export tangents for some objects
 //        // for some reason. When we will start computing tangents manually,
@@ -39,91 +38,74 @@ void main()
 //        normal = inTBN * normalize(normal * 2.0 - 1.0);
 //        normal = normalize(normal);
 //    }
-//
-//    #ifdef PBR
-//    float metallicF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.r;
-//    float roughnessF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.g;
-//
-//    vec4 metallicRoughness = sampleTexture2DLinear(material.metallicRoughnessTex, inUV);
-//
-//    float roughness = roughnessF * metallicRoughness.g;
-//    // roughness *= roughness; // from perceptual to linear
-//    roughness = max(roughness, 1e-2); // 0.0 roughness leads to NaNs
-//
-//    float metallic = metallicF * metallicRoughness.b;
-//
-//    vec3 dielectricSpecular = vec3(0.04);
-//    vec3 black = vec3(0.0);
-//    vec3 diffuseColor = mix(baseColor * (1.0 - dielectricSpecular.r), black, metallic);
-//    vec3 f0 = mix(dielectricSpecular, baseColor, metallic);
-//    #else
-//    vec3 diffuseColor = baseColor;
-//    float metallic = 0.f;
-//    float roughness = 1.f;
-//    vec3 f0 = vec3(0.0);
-//    #endif
-//
-//    vec3 cameraPos = pcs.sceneData.cameraPos.xyz;
-//    vec3 fragPos = inPos.xyz;
-//    vec3 n = normal;
-//    vec3 v = normalize(cameraPos - fragPos);
-//
-//    // diffuseColor = vec3(1.0);
-//    // baseColor = vec3(1.0);
-//
-//    vec3 fragColor = vec3(0.0);
-//    for (int i = 0; i < pcs.sceneData.numLights; i++) {
-//        Light light = pcs.sceneData.lights.data[i];
-//
-//        vec3 l = light.direction;
-//        if (light.type != TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) {
-//            l = normalize(light.position - fragPos);
-//        }
-//        float NoL = clamp(dot(n, l), 0.0, 1.0);
-//
-//        float occlusion = 1.0;
-//        if (light.type == TYPE_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT) {
-//            occlusion = calculateCSMOcclusion(
-//            fragPos, cameraPos, NoL,
-//            pcs.sceneData.csmShadowMapId,
-//            pcs.sceneData.cascadeFarPlaneZs,
-//            pcs.sceneData.csmLightSpaceTMs);
-//        } else if (light.type == TYPE_POINT_LIGHT && light.shadowMapID != 0) {
-//            occlusion = calculatePointShadow(
-//            fragPos, light.position, NoL,
-//            light.shadowMapID,
-//            pcs.sceneData.pointLightFarPlane);
-//        }
-//
-//        fragColor += calculateLight(light, fragPos, n, v, l,
-//        diffuseColor, roughness, metallic, f0, occlusion);
-//    }
-//
-//    // emissive
-//    float emissiveF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.b;
-//    vec3 emissiveColor = emissiveF * sampleTexture2DLinear(material.emissiveTex, inUV).rgb;
-//    fragColor += emissiveColor;
-//
-//    // ambient
-//    fragColor += baseColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientIntensity;
-//
-//    #if 0
-//    // CSM DEBUG
-//    uint cascadeIndex = chooseCascade(inPos, cameraPos, pcs.sceneData.cascadeFarPlaneZs);
-//    fragColor *= debugShadowsFactor(cascadeIndex);
-//    #endif
-//
-//    #if 0
-//    // TANGENT DEBUG
-//    if (inTangent == vec4(0.0)) {
-//        fragColor = vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-//    }
-//    #endif
-//
-//    #if 1
-//    // NORMAL DEBUG
-//    // fragColor = normal;
-//    #endif
 
-//    outFragColor = vec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    float metallicF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.r;
+    float roughnessF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.g;
+
+    vec4 metallicRoughness = sampleTexture2DLinear(material.metallicRoughnessTex, inUV);
+
+    float roughness = roughnessF * metallicRoughness.g;
+    // roughness *= roughness; // from perceptual to linear
+    roughness = max(roughness, 1e-2); // 0.0 roughness leads to NaNs
+
+    float metallic = metallicF * metallicRoughness.b;
+
+    vec3 dielectricSpecular = vec3(0.04);
+    vec3 black = vec3(0.0);
+    vec3 diffuseColor = mix(baseColor * (1.0 - dielectricSpecular.r), black, metallic);
+    vec3 f0 = mix(dielectricSpecular, baseColor, metallic);
+
+    vec3 cameraPos = pcs.sceneData.cameraPos.xyz;
+    vec3 fragPos = inPos.xyz;
+    vec3 n = normal;
+    vec3 v = normalize(cameraPos - fragPos);
+
+    // forward+: only loop over the lights the culling pass put in this pixel's tile
+    uvec2 tileID = uvec2(gl_FragCoord.xy) / LIGHT_TILE_SIZE;
+    uint tileOffset = (tileID.y * pcs.sceneData.tileCountX + tileID.x) * LIGHT_TILE_STRIDE;
+    uint tileLightCount = pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset];
+
+    vec3 fragColor = vec3(0.0);
+    for (uint i = 0; i < tileLightCount; i++) {
+        uint lightIndex = pcs.sceneData.tileLightIndices.data[tileOffset + 1 + i];
+        Light light = pcs.sceneData.lights.data[lightIndex];
+
+        float occlusion = 1.0;
+        if (light.castShadows != 0) {
+            occlusion = calculateDirectionalShadow(
+                fragPos, n,
+                pcs.sceneData.lightViewProj,
+                pcs.sceneData.shadowMapId,
+                pcs.sceneData.shadowNormalOffset);
+        }
+
+        fragColor += calculateLight(light, fragPos, n, v,
+            diffuseColor, roughness, metallic, f0, occlusion);
+    }
+
+    // emissive
+    float emissiveF = material.metallicRoughnessEmissive.b;
+    vec3 emissiveColor = emissiveF * sampleTexture2DLinear(material.emissiveTex, inUV).rgb;
+    fragColor += emissiveColor;
+
+    // ambient
+    fragColor += baseColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientColor * pcs.sceneData.ambientIntensity;
+
+    if (pcs.sceneData.debugLightHeatmap != 0) {
+        fragColor = mix(fragColor, lightHeatmapColor(tileLightCount), 0.5);
+    }
+
+    #if 0
+    // TANGENT DEBUG
+    if (inTangent == vec4(0.0)) {
+        fragColor = vec3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    #if 0
+    // NORMAL DEBUG
+    fragColor = normal;
+    #endif
+
+    outFragColor = vec4(fragColor, diffuse.a);
 }

destrum/assets_src/shaders/mesh.vert

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ layout (location = 2) out vec3 outNormal;
 layout (location = 3) out vec4 outTangent;
 layout (location = 4) out mat3 outTBN;
 
+// The depth pre-pass reuses this shader, positions have to match bit for bit
+// so the main pass can depth test against it with LESS_OR_EQUAL
+invariant gl_Position;
+
 void main()
 {
     Vertex v = pcs.vertexBuffer.vertices[gl_VertexIndex];

destrum/assets_src/shaders/quad.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#version 460
+#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive : require
+#extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
+
+#include "bindless.glsl"
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 inUV;
+layout(location = 1) in vec4 inColor;
+layout(location = 2) flat in uint inTexId;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outFragColor;
+
+void main() {
+    vec4 texColor = sampleTexture2DLinear(inTexId, inUV);
+    outFragColor = texColor * inColor;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/quad.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#version 460
+#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive : require
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 inPosition;
+layout(location = 1) in vec2 inUV;
+layout(location = 2) in vec4 inColor;
+layout(location = 3) in uint inTexId;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec2 outUV;
+layout(location = 1) out vec4 outColor;
+layout(location = 2) flat out uint outTexId;
+
+layout(push_constant) uniform QuadPushConstants {
+    mat4 viewProjection;
+} pcs;
+
+void main() {
+    gl_Position = pcs.viewProjection * vec4(inPosition, 0.0, 1.0);
+    outUV = inUV;
+    outColor = inColor;
+    outTexId = inTexId;
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/scene_data.glsl

@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@
 #extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
 
 #include "materials.glsl"
+#include "lights.glsl"
 
+// Must match GameRenderer::GPUSceneData
 layout (buffer_reference, scalar) readonly buffer SceneDataBuffer {
     // camera
     mat4 view;
     mat4 proj;
+    mat4 invProj;
     mat4 viewProj;
     vec4 cameraPos;
 
@@ -23,6 +26,19 @@ layout (buffer_reference, scalar) readonly buffer SceneDataBuffer {
     float fogDensity;
 
     MaterialsBuffer materials;
+
+    // forward+
+    LightsBuffer lights;
+    TileLightIndicesBuffer tileLightIndices;
+    uint numLights;
+    uint tileCountX;
+    uint debugLightHeatmap;
+
+    // directional shadows
+    uint shadowMapId;
+    float shadowNormalOffset;
+    uint padding;
+    mat4 lightViewProj;
 } sceneDataBuffer;
 
 #endif // SCENE_DATA_GLSL

destrum/assets_src/shaders/shadow.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#version 460
+
+#extension GL_GOOGLE_include_directive : require
+
+#include "mesh_pcs.glsl"
+
+void main()
+{
+    Vertex v = pcs.vertexBuffer.vertices[gl_VertexIndex];
+
+    gl_Position = pcs.sceneData.lightViewProj * pcs.transform * vec4(v.position, 1.0f);
+}

destrum/assets_src/shaders/shadows.glsl

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifndef SHADOWS_GLSL
+#define SHADOWS_GLSL
+
+// expects bindless.glsl to be included before this file (it has no include guard)
+
+// Returns 1.0 when fully lit, 0.0 when fully in shadow
+float calculateDirectionalShadow(vec3 fragPos, vec3 n, mat4 lightViewProj, uint shadowMapID, float normalOffset)
+{
+    // pushing the sample point along the normal hides most of the shadow acne
+    vec4 lightClip = lightViewProj * vec4(fragPos + n * normalOffset, 1.0);
+    vec3 lightNDC = lightClip.xyz / lightClip.w;
+    vec2 uv = lightNDC.xy * 0.5 + 0.5;
+
+    // outside the shadow map counts as lit
+    if (any(lessThan(uv, vec2(0.0))) || any(greaterThan(uv, vec2(1.0))) || lightNDC.z > 1.0) {
+        return 1.0;
+    }
+
+    vec2 texelSize = 1.0 / vec2(textureSize(sampler2DShadow(textures[shadowMapID], samplers[SHADOW_SAMPLER_ID]), 0));
+
+    // 3x3 PCF, every tap is already bilinearly filtered by the compare sampler
+    float shadowed = 0.0;
+    for (int x = -1; x <= 1; x++) {
+        for (int y = -1; y <= 1; y++) {
+            shadowed += sampleTexture2DShadow(shadowMapID, vec3(uv + vec2(x, y) * texelSize, lightNDC.z));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // the shadow sampler compares with GREATER_OR_EQUAL (it was set up for reversed Z),
+    // with regular depth that returns 1 when the fragment is behind the occluder
+    return 1.0 - shadowed / 9.0;
+}
+
+#endif // SHADOWS_GLSL

destrum/assets_src/shaders/skybox.frag

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
 layout(push_constant) uniform SkyboxPC {
     mat4 invViewProj;
     vec4 skyboxRot[3];
-    vec3 cameraPos;
     uint skyboxTextureId;
 } pcs;
 
@@ -22,7 +21,8 @@ void main()
     vec4 world = pcs.invViewProj * ndc;
     vec3 worldPos = world.xyz / world.w;
 
-    vec3 dir = normalize(worldPos - pcs.cameraPos);
+    // invViewProj has no translation, so the camera sits at the origin
+    vec3 dir = normalize(worldPos);
     dir.y *= -1.0;
 
     mat3 skyboxRot = mat3(

destrum/include/destrum/App.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Renderer.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/ImguiPass.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ResourcesInspector.h>
 
 #include <destrum/Input/InputManager.h>
 
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ public:
 
     virtual void onWindowResize(int, int) {};
 
+    // Called inside the "Windows" menu of the main menu bar, add toggles for the game's own windows here
+    virtual void customWindowsMenu() {}
+
 protected:
     SDL_Window* window{nullptr};
     AppParams m_params{};
@@ -72,6 +76,17 @@ protected:
     float m_PhysicsTimeScale = 1.0f;
     int m_PhysicsStepsLastFrame = 0;
 
+    struct DebugWindows {
+        bool stats{true};
+        bool physics{true};
+        bool inspector{true};
+        bool imageCache{false};
+    };
+
+    DebugWindows m_DebugWindows{};
+    ResourcesInspector m_ResourcesInspector;
+
+    void drawWindowsMenu();
     void drawPhysicsPanel(float dt, float fixedDt, float accumulator);
 
 };

destrum/include/destrum/Assets/AssetManager.h

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ public:
 
 private:
     AssetManager() = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] ModelDoc::ModelAsset LoadCookedOrImport(
+        const std::string& reference,
+        const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options) const;
 };
 
 #endif // DESTRUM_ASSETMANAGER_H

destrum/include/destrum/Assets/ModelFile.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_MODELFILE_H
+#define DESTRUM_MODELFILE_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <destrum/Util/ModelDoc.h>
+
+namespace ModelFile {
+    inline constexpr std::uint32_t Version = 1;
+    inline constexpr std::string_view Extension = ".dmodel";
+
+    inline constexpr ModelDoc::LoadOptions CookOptions{};
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool SupportsLoadOptions(const ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model, const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options);
+    void ApplyLoadOptions(ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model, const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<std::uint8_t> Write(const ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model);
+    [[nodiscard]] ModelDoc::ModelAsset Read(std::span<const std::uint8_t> bytes);
+
+    void WriteToFile(const ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model, const std::filesystem::path& path);
+    [[nodiscard]] ModelDoc::ModelAsset ReadFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::uint32_t> ReadVersionFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+}
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_MODELFILE_H

destrum/include/destrum/Assets/TextureFile.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_TEXTUREFILE_H
+#define DESTRUM_TEXTUREFILE_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace TextureFile {
+    inline constexpr std::uint32_t Version = 1;
+    inline constexpr std::string_view Extension = ".dtex";
+
+    enum class PixelFormat : std::uint32_t {
+        RGBA16Float,
+    };
+
+    struct Texture {
+        std::uint32_t width{0};
+        std::uint32_t height{0};
+        PixelFormat format{PixelFormat::RGBA16Float};
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> pixels;
+    };
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::size_t BytesPerPixel(PixelFormat format);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] Texture FromRGBA32Float(std::uint32_t width, std::uint32_t height, std::span<const float> rgba);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<std::uint8_t> Write(const Texture& texture);
+    [[nodiscard]] Texture Read(std::span<const std::uint8_t> bytes);
+
+    void WriteToFile(const Texture& texture, const std::filesystem::path& path);
+    [[nodiscard]] Texture ReadFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::uint32_t> ReadVersionFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+}
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_TEXTUREFILE_H

destrum/include/destrum/Components/CameraComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef CAMERACOMPONENT_H
+#define CAMERACOMPONENT_H
+
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Camera.h>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+class CameraComponent final : public Component {
+public:
+    explicit CameraComponent(GameObject& parent);
+
+    CameraComponent(const CameraComponent& other) = delete;
+    CameraComponent(CameraComponent&& other) noexcept = delete;
+    CameraComponent& operator=(const CameraComponent& other) = delete;
+    CameraComponent& operator=(CameraComponent&& other) noexcept = delete;
+
+    std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "CameraComponent"; }
+
+    nlohmann::json Serialize() const override;
+    void Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) override;
+    void ImGuiInspector() override;
+
+    // Places the camera at this object's world transform, looking down its local -Z.
+    [[nodiscard]] Camera& GetCamera(float aspectRatio);
+
+    void SetFieldOfView(float fovDegrees);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetFieldOfView() const { return m_FieldOfView; }
+
+    void SetClipPlanes(float zNear, float zFar);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetZNear() const { return m_ZNear; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetZFar() const { return m_ZFar; }
+
+    void MakeCurrent();
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsCurrent() const;
+
+private:
+    Camera m_Camera{glm::vec3{0.0f}, glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}};
+    float m_FieldOfView{90.0f};
+    float m_ZNear{0.01f};
+    float m_ZFar{1000.0f};
+};
+
+#endif // CAMERACOMPONENT_H

destrum/include/destrum/Components/LightComponent.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTCOMPONENT_H
+#define LIGHTCOMPONENT_H
+
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Light.h>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+class LightComponent final : public Component {
+public:
+    explicit LightComponent(GameObject& parent, LightType type = LightType::Point);
+
+    LightComponent(const LightComponent& other) = delete;
+    LightComponent(LightComponent&& other) noexcept = delete;
+    LightComponent& operator=(const LightComponent& other) = delete;
+    LightComponent& operator=(LightComponent&& other) noexcept = delete;
+
+    void Render(const RenderContext& ctx) override;
+
+    std::string GetTypeName() const override { return "LightComponent"; }
+
+    nlohmann::json Serialize() const override;
+    void Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) override;
+    void ImGuiInspector() override;
+
+    void SetType(LightType type) { m_Type = type; }
+    [[nodiscard]] LightType GetType() const { return m_Type; }
+
+    void SetColor(const glm::vec3& color) { m_Color = color; }
+    [[nodiscard]] const glm::vec3& GetColor() const { return m_Color; }
+
+    void SetIntensity(float intensity);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetIntensity() const { return m_Intensity; }
+
+    void SetRange(float range);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetRange() const { return m_Range; }
+
+    void SetConeAngles(float innerConeAngle, float outerConeAngle);
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetInnerConeAngle() const { return m_InnerConeAngle; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float GetOuterConeAngle() const { return m_OuterConeAngle; }
+
+    void SetCastShadows(bool castShadows) { m_CastShadows = castShadows; }
+    [[nodiscard]] bool GetCastShadows() const { return m_CastShadows; }
+
+private:
+    LightType m_Type{LightType::Point};
+    glm::vec3 m_Color{1.0f};
+    float m_Intensity{1.0f};
+    float m_Range{10.0f};
+    float m_InnerConeAngle{0.35f};
+    float m_OuterConeAngle{0.5f};
+    bool m_CastShadows{false};
+};
+
+#endif // LIGHTCOMPONENT_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Camera.h

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ public:
     float GetZFar() const { return m_zFar; }
     void SetZFar(float zFar) { m_zFar = zFar; }
     float GetFOVY() const { return fovAngle; }
+    void SetFOVY(float fovDegrees) { fovAngle = fovDegrees; }
     float GetAspectRatio() const { return m_aspectRatio; }
 
     glm::vec3 m_position{2.f, 0, 0};
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ public:
 
     void SetRotation(float yawRadians, float pitchRadians);
     void SetRotation(const glm::vec2& yawPitchRadians);
+    void SetOrientation(const glm::vec3& forward, const glm::vec3& up);
 
     float GetYaw() const { return m_yaw; }
     float GetPitch() const { return m_pitch; }

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Light.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#ifndef LIGHT_H
+#define LIGHT_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <glm/vec2.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec3.hpp>
+
+enum class LightType : std::uint32_t {
+    Directional = 0,
+    Point = 1,
+    Spot = 2,
+};
+
+struct Light {
+    LightType type{LightType::Point};
+
+    glm::vec3 position{0.0f};
+    glm::vec3 direction{0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f};
+
+    glm::vec3 color{1.0f};
+    float intensity{1.0f};
+
+    float range{10.0f};
+
+    float innerConeAngle{0.35f};
+    float outerConeAngle{0.5f};
+
+    // directional lights only, the first one submitted each frame gets the shadow map
+    bool castShadows{false};
+};
+
+struct GPULight {
+    glm::vec3 position;
+    float range;
+
+    glm::vec3 color;
+    float intensity;
+
+    glm::vec3 direction;
+    std::uint32_t type;
+
+    float spotInnerCos;
+    float spotOuterCos;
+    std::uint32_t castShadows;
+    float padding;
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(GPULight) == 64, "GPULight must match the struct in lights.glsl");
+
+#endif //LIGHT_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGMANAGER_H
+#define DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGMANAGER_H
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <glm/vec3.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Singleton.h>
+
+struct Line {
+    glm::vec3 start{};
+    glm::vec3 end{};
+    glm::vec4 color{1.0f};
+};
+
+class LineRenderingManager final : public Singleton<LineRenderingManager> {
+public:
+    friend class Singleton<LineRenderingManager>;
+
+    void SubmitLine(const Line& line);
+    void SubmitLine(
+        const glm::vec3& start,
+        const glm::vec3& end,
+        const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f});
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<Line>& GetLines() const { return lines; }
+
+    void ClearLines();
+
+private:
+    LineRenderingManager() = default;
+
+    std::vector<Line> lines;
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGMANAGER_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_QUADRENDERINGMANAGER_H
+#define DESTRUM_QUADRENDERINGMANAGER_H
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
+#include <destrum/Singleton.h>
+
+struct QuadSubmission {
+    glm::vec2 position;
+    glm::vec2 size;
+    float rotation;
+    glm::vec4 color;
+    ImageID textureId;
+};
+
+class QuadRenderingManager final : public Singleton<QuadRenderingManager> {
+public:
+    friend class Singleton<QuadRenderingManager>;
+
+    void SubmitQuad(
+        const glm::vec2& position,
+        const glm::vec2& size,
+        const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f},
+        ImageID textureId = NULL_IMAGE_ID);
+
+    void SubmitQuad(
+        const glm::vec2& position,
+        const glm::vec2& size,
+        float rotation,
+        const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f},
+        ImageID textureId = NULL_IMAGE_ID);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<QuadSubmission>& GetQuads() const { return quads; }
+    void ClearQuads();
+
+private:
+    QuadRenderingManager() = default;
+
+    std::vector<QuadSubmission> quads;
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_QUADRENDERINGMANAGER_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/ImguiPass.h

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 #ifndef DESTRUM_IMGUI_PASS_H
 #define DESTRUM_IMGUI_PASS_H
 
+#include <array>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 #include <SDL.h>
+#include <imgui.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Swapchain.h>
 
 class GfxDevice;
 
@@ -33,9 +40,19 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] bool wantsMouse() const;
     [[nodiscard]] bool wantsKeyboard() const;
 
+    // Wraps an image view for ImGui::Image in the frame that's being built. Call it every frame
+    // you draw the image, the descriptor set is freed again once the GPU is done with that frame.
+    // The image has to be in imageLayout by the time the UI gets rendered at the end of the frame.
+    [[nodiscard]] ImTextureID getFrameTexture(
+        VkImageView imageView,
+        VkImageLayout imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+
 private:
     void initVulkanBackend();
 
+    void releaseTextures(std::vector<VkDescriptorSet>& textures);
+    void releaseAllTextures();
+
     void transitionToColorAttachment(
         VkCommandBuffer cmd,
         VkImage image,
@@ -50,6 +67,17 @@ private:
     VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
     VkFormat colorFormat = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
 
+    struct FrameTexture {
+        VkImageView imageView{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+        VkImageLayout imageLayout{VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED};
+        VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    };
+
+    // created while building the current UI, not submitted yet
+    std::vector<FrameTexture> pendingTextures;
+    // submitted with a frame, freed once that frame's fence has been waited on
+    std::array<std::vector<VkDescriptorSet>, FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT> inFlightTextures;
+
     bool initialized = false;
     bool frameBegun = false;
     bool contextCreated = false;

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.h

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#ifndef LIGHTCULLINGPIPELINE_H
+#define LIGHTCULLINGPIPELINE_H
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ComputePipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Light.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/AppendableBuffer.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Buffer.h>
+
+class GfxDevice;
+class RenderResources;
+
+class LightCullingPipeline final {
+public:
+
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t TILE_SIZE = 16;
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE = 255;
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t TILE_STRIDE = MAX_LIGHTS_PER_TILE + 1;
+
+    static constexpr std::size_t MAX_LIGHTS = 1024;
+
+    void init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize);
+    void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+    void resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize);
+
+    void beginDrawing(std::size_t frameIndex);
+    void appendLight(const Light& light);
+
+    void flushCurrentFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+    void cullLights(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        const RenderResources& resources,
+        const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+        ImageID depthImageId,
+        VkExtent2D renderExtent);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] VkDeviceAddress getLightsBufferAddress() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] VkDeviceAddress getTileLightIndicesBufferAddress() const { return tileLightIndicesBuffer.address; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t getNumLights() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] glm::uvec2 getTileCount() const { return tileCount; }
+
+private:
+    void createTileBuffer(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize);
+
+    VkPipelineLayout m_pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    std::unique_ptr<ComputePipeline> lightCullingPipeline;
+
+    struct PushConstants {
+        VkDeviceAddress sceneDataBuffer;
+        glm::uvec2 screenSize;
+        std::uint32_t depthTexId;
+        std::uint32_t padding;
+    };
+
+    struct PerFrameData {
+        AppendableBuffer<GPULight> lightsBuffer;
+    };
+
+    std::array<PerFrameData, FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT> framesData;
+    std::size_t currentFrameIndex{0};
+    bool warnedAboutLightLimit{false};
+
+    GPUBuffer tileLightIndicesBuffer;
+    glm::uvec2 tileCount{0u, 0u};
+
+    PerFrameData& getCurrentFrameData();
+    const PerFrameData& getCurrentFrameData() const;
+};
+
+#endif //LIGHTCULLINGPIPELINE_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGPASS_H
+#define DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGPASS_H
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/NBuffer.h>
+
+class Camera;
+class GfxDevice;
+struct GPUImage;
+class Pipeline;
+
+class LineRenderingPass final {
+public:
+    void init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, VkFormat drawImageFormat);
+    void draw(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+        const GPUImage& target,
+        const Camera& camera,
+        LineRenderingManager& lineManager);
+    void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+private:
+    struct LineVertex {
+        glm::vec4 position;
+        glm::vec4 color;
+    };
+
+    void ensureVertexCapacity(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, std::size_t requiredVertices);
+
+    VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> pipeline;
+    NBuffer vertexBuffer;
+    std::size_t vertexCapacity{0};
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_LINERENDERINGPASS_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.h

@@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ public:
         VkFormat drawImageFormat,
         VkFormat depthImageFormat);
 
+    void drawDepthPrepass(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+        const RenderResources& resources,
+        const Camera& camera,
+        const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+        const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+        const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands);
+
     void draw(
         VkCommandBuffer cmd,
         VkExtent2D renderExtent,
@@ -55,9 +64,20 @@ private:
         std::uint32_t padding;
     };
 
+    void drawMeshes(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        const Pipeline& pipeline,
+        VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+        const RenderResources& resources,
+        const Camera& camera,
+        const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+        const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+        const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands);
+
 private:
     VkPipelineLayout m_pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
     std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> m_pipeline;
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> m_depthPrepassPipeline;
 
     bool m_renderWireframe{false};
 };

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.h

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_QUADRENDERERPASS_H
+#define DESTRUM_QUADRENDERERPASS_H
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Buffer.h>
+
+
+class GfxDevice;
+class Pipeline;
+struct GPUImage;
+class RenderResources;
+
+class QuadRendererPass final {
+public:
+    void init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, VkFormat drawImageFormat);
+    void draw(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+        RenderResources& resources,
+        const GPUImage& target,
+        const glm::mat4& projection);
+    void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
+
+private:
+    struct QuadVertex {
+        glm::vec2 position;
+        glm::vec2 uv;
+        glm::vec4 color;
+        std::uint32_t textureId;
+    };
+
+    void ensureCapacity(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, std::size_t requiredQuads);
+
+    VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> pipeline;
+    GPUBuffer vertexBuffer{};
+    GPUBuffer indexBuffer{};
+    std::size_t quadCapacity{0};
+};
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_QUADRENDERERPASS_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/ShadowMapPipeline.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#ifndef SHADOWMAPPIPELINE_H
+#define SHADOWMAPPIPELINE_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/MeshDrawCommand.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Buffer.h>
+
+class GfxDevice;
+class RenderResources;
+
+// Renders the depth of the scene as seen from a directional light, centered around the camera
+class ShadowMapPipeline final
+{
+public:
+    static constexpr std::uint32_t SHADOW_MAP_SIZE = 2048;
+
+    void init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources);
+    void cleanup(VkDevice device);
+
+    void draw(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        const RenderResources& resources,
+        const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+        const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+        const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] glm::mat4 calculateLightViewProj(const glm::vec3& lightDirection, const glm::vec3& center) const;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageID getShadowMapId() const { return shadowMapId; }
+    [[nodiscard]] float getNormalOffset() const;
+
+    // half the width of the area around the camera that receives shadows
+    void setShadowDistance(float distance) { shadowDistance = glm::max(distance, 1.0f); }
+    [[nodiscard]] float getShadowDistance() const { return shadowDistance; }
+
+private:
+    struct PushConstants
+    {
+        glm::mat4 transform;
+        VkDeviceAddress sceneDataBuffer;
+        VkDeviceAddress vertexBuffer;
+        std::uint32_t materialId;
+        std::uint32_t padding;
+    };
+
+    VkPipelineLayout m_pipelineLayout{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    std::unique_ptr<Pipeline> m_pipeline;
+
+    VkFormat shadowMapFormat{VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT};
+    ImageID shadowMapId{NULL_IMAGE_ID};
+
+    float shadowDistance{25.0f};
+    // how far in front of / behind the camera (along the light) casters are still captured
+    float shadowDepthRange{100.0f};
+};
+
+#endif //SHADOWMAPPIPELINE_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.h

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ private:
     struct SkyboxPushConstants {
         glm::mat4  invViewProj;
         glm::vec4  skyboxRot[3];
-        glm::vec3  cameraPos;
         std::uint32_t skyboxTextureId;
     };
 

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h

@@ -53,11 +53,19 @@ public:
 
     [[nodiscard]] ImageID getWhiteTextureID() const { return whiteImageId; }
     [[nodiscard]] ImageID getErrorTextureID() const { return errorImageId; }
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageID getDefaultNormalTextureID() const { return defaultNormalImageId; }
 
     BindlessSetManager& getBindlessSetManager();
     VkDescriptorSetLayout getBindlessDescSetLayout() const;
     const VkDescriptorSet& getBindlessDescSet() const;
-    void bindBindlessDescSet(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkPipelineLayout layout) const;
+    void bindBindlessDescSet(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        VkPipelineLayout layout,
+        VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS) const;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool isInitialized() const { return imageCache != nullptr && materialCache != nullptr; }
+
+    const ImageCache& images() const { return *imageCache; }
 
     MeshCache& meshes() { return *meshCache; }
     const MeshCache& meshes() const { return *meshCache; }

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Renderer.h

@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
 #ifndef RENDERER_H
 #define RENDERER_H
 
+#include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
 #include <glm/vec3.hpp>
 
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Camera.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Light.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/ShadowMapPipeline.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/MeshDrawCommand.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/NBuffer.h>
@@ -12,14 +18,17 @@
 
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/SkinningPipeline.h>
 
 #include "Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.h"
 
-class GameRenderer {
+class GameRenderer
+{
 public:
-    struct SceneData {
+    struct SceneData
+    {
         const Camera& camera;
         glm::vec3 ambientColor;
         float ambientIntensity;
@@ -37,11 +46,15 @@ public:
     void cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
 
     void drawMesh(MeshID id, const glm::mat4& transform, MaterialID materialId);
-    void drawSkinnedMesh(MeshID id, const glm::mat4& transform, MaterialID materialId, SkinnedMesh* skinnedMesh, std::size_t jointMatricesStartIndex);
+    void drawSkinnedMesh(MeshID id, const glm::mat4& transform, MaterialID materialId, SkinnedMesh* skinnedMesh,
+                         std::size_t jointMatricesStartIndex);
+    void submitLight(const Light& light);
     const GPUImage& getDrawImage() const;
 
-    void resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const glm::ivec2& newSize) {
+    void resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const glm::ivec2& newSize)
+    {
         createDrawImage(gfxDevice, newSize, false);
+        lightCullingPipeline->resize(gfxDevice, newSize);
     }
 
     Material& getMaterialMutable(MaterialID id);
@@ -51,23 +64,51 @@ public:
 
     void flushMaterialUpdates(GfxDevice& gfxDevice);
 
-    [[nodiscard]] SkinningPipeline& getSkinningPipeline() const {
+    [[nodiscard]] SkinningPipeline& getSkinningPipeline() const
+    {
         return *skinningPipeline;
     }
 
-    void setRenderWireframe(bool wireframe) {
+    void setRenderWireframe(bool wireframe)
+    {
         meshPipeline->setRenderWireframe(wireframe);
     }
 
-    bool getRenderWireframe() {
+    bool getRenderWireframe()
+    {
         return meshPipeline->getRenderWireframe();
     }
 
+    void setRenderLightHeatmap(bool heatmap)
+    {
+        renderLightHeatmap = heatmap;
+    }
+
+    bool getRenderLightHeatmap() const
+    {
+        return renderLightHeatmap;
+    }
+
+    void setShadowDistance(float distance)
+    {
+        shadowMapPipeline->setShadowDistance(distance);
+    }
+
+    float getShadowDistance() const
+    {
+        return shadowMapPipeline->getShadowDistance();
+    }
+
     RenderResources* getResources()
     {
         return resources;
     }
 
+    void drawQuads(
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+        GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+        const glm::mat4& projection);
+
 private:
     void createDrawImage(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const glm::ivec2& drawImageSize, bool firstCreate);
 
@@ -88,31 +129,48 @@ private:
     VkSampleCountFlagBits samples{VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT};
 
 
-    struct GPUSceneData {
-        // camera
+    struct GPUSceneData
+    {
         glm::mat4 view;
         glm::mat4 proj;
+        glm::mat4 invProj;
         glm::mat4 viewProj;
         glm::vec4 cameraPos;
 
-        // ambient
         glm::vec3 ambientColor;
         float ambientIntensity;
 
-        // fog
         glm::vec3 fogColor;
         float fogDensity;
 
         VkDeviceAddress materialsBuffer;
+
+        VkDeviceAddress lightsBuffer;
+        VkDeviceAddress tileLightIndicesBuffer;
+        std::uint32_t numLights;
+        std::uint32_t tileCountX;
+        std::uint32_t debugLightHeatmap;
+
+        std::uint32_t shadowMapId;
+        float shadowNormalOffset;
+        std::uint32_t padding;
+        glm::mat4 lightViewProj;
     };
 
     NBuffer sceneDataBuffer;
 
-
     std::unique_ptr<MeshPipeline> meshPipeline;
     std::unique_ptr<SkyboxPipeline> skyboxPipeline;
+    std::unique_ptr<LineRenderingPass> lineRenderingPass;
+    std::unique_ptr<QuadRendererPass> quadRendererPass;
 
     std::unique_ptr<SkinningPipeline> skinningPipeline;
+    std::unique_ptr<LightCullingPipeline> lightCullingPipeline;
+    std::unique_ptr<ShadowMapPipeline> shadowMapPipeline;
+
+    std::optional<glm::vec3> shadowLightDirection;
+
+    bool renderLightHeatmap{false};
     bool initialized{false};
 };
 

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Resources/CPUMesh.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#ifndef CPUMESH_H
+#define CPUMESH_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <glm/vec3.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Skeleton.h>
+#include <destrum/Assets/AssetReference.h>
+
+// ─── CPU Mesh ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+struct CPUMesh {
+    struct Vertex {
+        glm::vec3 position;
+        float     uv_x{};
+        glm::vec3 normal;
+        float     uv_y{};
+        glm::vec4 tangent;
+    };
+
+    struct SkinningData {
+        glm::vec<4, std::uint32_t> jointIds;
+        glm::vec4                  weights;
+    };
+
+    std::vector<std::uint32_t> indices;
+    std::vector<Vertex>        vertices;
+    std::vector<SkinningData>  skinningData; // empty if no skeleton
+
+    std::string name;
+    AssetReference assetReference;
+
+    glm::vec3 minPos;
+    glm::vec3 maxPos;
+
+    std::optional<Skeleton> skeleton; // present only for skinned meshes
+};
+
+#endif // CPUMESH_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Resources/Mesh.h

@@ -13,37 +13,8 @@
 #include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
 
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Buffer.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/CPUMesh.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Frustum.h>
-#include <destrum/Graphics/Skeleton.h>
-#include <destrum/Assets/AssetReference.h>
-
-// ─── CPU Mesh ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-struct CPUMesh {
-    struct Vertex {
-        glm::vec3 position;
-        float     uv_x{};
-        glm::vec3 normal;
-        float     uv_y{};
-        glm::vec4 tangent;
-    };
-
-    struct SkinningData {
-        glm::vec<4, std::uint32_t> jointIds;
-        glm::vec4                  weights;
-    };
-
-    std::vector<std::uint32_t> indices;
-    std::vector<Vertex>        vertices;
-    std::vector<SkinningData>  skinningData; // empty if no skeleton
-
-    std::string name;
-    AssetReference assetReference;
-
-    glm::vec3 minPos;
-    glm::vec3 maxPos;
-
-    std::optional<Skeleton> skeleton; // present only for skinned meshes
-};
 
 // ─── GPU Mesh ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/ResourcesInspector.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef RESOURCESINSPECTOR_H
+#define RESOURCESINSPECTOR_H
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ids.h>
+
+struct GPUImage;
+class ImguiPass;
+class RenderResources;
+
+// ImGui windows for looking into the render resource caches
+class ResourcesInspector final
+{
+public:
+    void drawImageCacheWindow(bool* open, const RenderResources& resources, ImguiPass& imguiPass);
+
+private:
+    struct PreviewInfo
+    {
+        bool previewable{false};
+        const char* reason{""};
+    };
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static PreviewInfo getPreviewInfo(const GPUImage& image);
+
+    void drawImagePreview(const GPUImage& image, float maxSize, ImguiPass& imguiPass) const;
+    void drawImageDetails(ImageID id, const RenderResources& resources) const;
+    [[nodiscard]] bool matchesFilter(ImageID id, const RenderResources& resources) const;
+
+    char filter[128]{};
+    float thumbnailSize{48.0f};
+    bool onlyPreviewable{false};
+    ImageID selectedImageId{NULL_IMAGE_ID};
+};
+
+#endif //RESOURCESINSPECTOR_H

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Swapchain.h

@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] VkFormat getFormat() const { return m_swapchain.image_format; }
 
 private:
+    void nameSwapchainObjects(VkDevice device) const;
+
     struct FrameData {
         VkSemaphore swapchainSemaphore{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
         VkFence renderFence{VK_NULL_HANDLE};

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/Util.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef UTIL_H
 #define UTIL_H
 
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <optional>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -87,6 +89,9 @@ namespace vkutil {
         VkDeviceSize offset = 0,
         VkDeviceSize size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE);
 
+    // Object names (VK_EXT_debug_utils), shown in RenderDoc, Nsight and validation messages.
+    // All of these are no-ops when the extension isn't loaded.
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkObjectType objectType, std::uint64_t objectHandle, const char* label);
     void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkImage image, const char* label);
     void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkImageView imageView, const char* label);
     void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkShaderModule shaderModule, const char* label);
@@ -94,6 +99,62 @@ namespace vkutil {
     void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkPipelineLayout layout, const char* label);
     void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkBuffer buffer, const char* label);
     void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkSampler sampler, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkFence fence, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkSemaphore semaphore, const char* label);
+    void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkQueue queue, const char* label);
+
+    // Command buffer regions, they nest like a stack: every begin needs a matching end
+    // in the same command buffer.
+    [[nodiscard]] bool debugLabelsEnabled();
+    void cmdBeginLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const char* label, const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f});
+    void cmdEndLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd);
+    void cmdInsertLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const char* label, const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f});
+
+    // printf style, only formats when labels are actually recorded (cheap enough for per draw labels)
+    template <typename... Args>
+    void cmdBeginLabelFormatted(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const glm::vec4& color, const char* format, Args... args)
+    {
+        if (!debugLabelsEnabled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        char label[256];
+        std::snprintf(label, sizeof(label), format, args...);
+        cmdBeginLabel(cmd, label, color);
+    }
+
+    class ScopedCmdLabel {
+    public:
+        ScopedCmdLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const char* label, const glm::vec4& color = glm::vec4{1.0f});
+        ~ScopedCmdLabel();
+
+        ScopedCmdLabel(const ScopedCmdLabel& other) = delete;
+        ScopedCmdLabel(ScopedCmdLabel&& other) noexcept = delete;
+        ScopedCmdLabel& operator=(const ScopedCmdLabel& other) = delete;
+        ScopedCmdLabel& operator=(ScopedCmdLabel&& other) noexcept = delete;
+
+    private:
+        VkCommandBuffer cmd{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
+    };
+
+    // Colors used for the renderer's labels, so passes are easy to tell apart in a capture
+    namespace labelColors {
+        inline const glm::vec4 frame{0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 compute{0.9f, 0.5f, 0.1f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 shadow{0.3f, 0.3f, 0.6f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 depth{0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 opaque{0.2f, 0.7f, 0.3f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 sky{0.3f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 debug{0.9f, 0.2f, 0.6f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 ui{0.9f, 0.9f, 0.2f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 transfer{0.6f, 0.4f, 0.2f, 1.0f};
+        inline const glm::vec4 draw{0.5f, 0.8f, 0.5f, 1.0f};
+    }
 
     struct RenderingInfoParams {
         VkExtent2D renderExtent;

destrum/include/destrum/Graphics/imageLoader.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <vector>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
 
 #include "destrum/Graphics/TextureIntent.h"
@@ -19,11 +20,12 @@ struct ImageData {
         if (this == &o) return *this;
 
         // free current contents first
-        this->~ImageData();
+        freePixels();
 
         // steal
         pixels         = o.pixels;
         hdrPixels      = o.hdrPixels;
+        cookedPixels   = std::move(o.cookedPixels);
         hdr            = o.hdr;
         width          = o.width;
         height         = o.height;
@@ -50,8 +52,11 @@ struct ImageData {
     ImageData(const ImageData&) = delete;
     ImageData& operator=(const ImageData&) = delete;
 
+    void freePixels();
+
     unsigned char* pixels{nullptr};
     float* hdrPixels{nullptr};
+    std::vector<unsigned char> cookedPixels; // owns `pixels` for cooked textures
     bool hdr{false};
 
     int width{0};

destrum/include/destrum/Input/InputManager.h

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ public:
 
     int MouseX() const { return m_mouseX; }
     int MouseY() const { return m_mouseY; }
-    int MouseDeltaX() const { return m_mouseDX; }
-    int MouseDeltaY() const { return m_mouseDY; }
+    int MouseDeltaX() const { return m_mouseRelDX; }
+    int MouseDeltaY() const { return m_mouseRelDY; }
 
     int WheelX() const { return m_wheelX; }
     int WheelY() const { return m_wheelY; }
@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ public:
 
     void SetAxisDeadzone(int deadzone) { m_axisDeadzone = deadzone; } // 0..32767
 
+    void SetMouseCaptured(bool captured);
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsMouseCaptured() const { return m_MouseCaptured; }
+
 private:
     // Key states
     std::unordered_set<SDL_Scancode> m_keysDown;
@@ -92,10 +95,9 @@ private:
     std::unordered_set<Uint8> m_mousePressed;
     std::unordered_set<Uint8> m_mouseReleased;
 
-    // Mouse position + delta
+    // Mouse position + relative delta (accumulated from SDL xrel/yrel)
     int m_mouseX = 0, m_mouseY = 0;
-    int m_prevMouseX = 0, m_prevMouseY = 0;
-    int m_mouseDX = 0, m_mouseDY = 0;
+    int m_mouseRelDX = 0, m_mouseRelDY = 0;
 
     int m_wheelX = 0, m_wheelY = 0;
 
@@ -125,6 +127,8 @@ private:
 
     int m_axisDeadzone = 8000; // typical deadzone
 
+    bool m_MouseCaptured = false;
+
 private:
     bool QueryBinding(const Binding& b, ButtonState state) const;
 

destrum/include/destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h

@@ -59,6 +59,16 @@ public:
     virtual void ResolveReferences(const ObjectMap&) {
     }
 
+    // Trigger callbacks called when this component's owner overlaps a sensor.
+    // Only called when the owner has a Collider set as a trigger (or overlaps one).
+    virtual void OnTriggerEnter(GameObject* other) {
+        (void)other;
+    }
+
+    virtual void OnTriggerExit(GameObject* other) {
+        (void)other;
+    }
+
     bool HasStarted{false};
 
 protected:

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/JoltPhysicsWorld.h

@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ public:
                  float maxDistance,
                  PhysicsRaycastHit& hit) const override;
 
+    std::vector<TriggerEvent> ConsumeTriggerEvents() override;
+
 private:
     class Impl;
     std::unique_ptr<Impl> m_Impl;

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/PhysicsSceneBridge.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ class PhysicsSceneBridge final {
 public:
     explicit PhysicsSceneBridge(std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> world);
 
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsValid() const { return m_World != nullptr; }
     [[nodiscard]] PhysicsWorld& GetWorld() { return *m_World; }
     [[nodiscard]] const PhysicsWorld& GetWorld() const { return *m_World; }
 

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/PhysicsTypes.h

@@ -116,3 +116,9 @@ struct PhysicsBodyDesc {
     bool useGravity{true};
     bool allowSleep{true};
 };
+
+struct TriggerEvent {
+    GameObject* owner{nullptr};
+    GameObject* other{nullptr};
+    bool entered{true};
+};

destrum/include/destrum/Physics/PhysicsWorld.h

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -49,6 +51,9 @@ public:
                          float maxDistance,
                          PhysicsRaycastHit& hit) const = 0;
 
+    // Trigger events accumulated during the last Step().
+    virtual std::vector<TriggerEvent> ConsumeTriggerEvents() { return {}; }
+
 private:
     std::unordered_set<Rigidbody*> m_RegisteredRigidbodies;
 };

destrum/include/destrum/Scene/Scene.h

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 #include <functional>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include <destrum/Event.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/ObjectId.h>
 #include <destrum/Scene/SceneManager.h>
@@ -10,8 +12,10 @@
 #include "destrum/Physics/JoltPhysicsWorld.h"
 #include "destrum/Physics/PhysicsSceneBridge.h"
 
+class CameraComponent;
 class GameObject;
 class SceneSerializer;
+class PhysicsWorld;
 
 class Scene final {
     friend Scene& SceneManager::CreateScene(const std::string& name);
@@ -30,7 +34,7 @@ public:
     void FixedUpdate(float dt);
     void LateUpdate(float dt);
     void Render(const RenderContext& ctx);
-    void RenderImgui();
+    void RenderImgui(bool* open = nullptr);
 
     void CleanupDestroyedGameObjects();
     void Unload();
@@ -102,8 +106,13 @@ public:
     Event<> OnSceneLoaded;
 
     PhysicsSceneBridge& GetPhysics() { return m_Physics; }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] CameraComponent* GetCurrentCamera() const;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::vector<CameraComponent*> GetCameras() const;
+    void SetCurrentCamera(const CameraComponent* camera);
 private:
     explicit Scene(const std::string& name);
+    explicit Scene(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> physicsWorld);
 
     PhysicsSceneBridge m_Physics{std::make_unique<JoltPhysicsWorld>()};
 
@@ -123,6 +132,8 @@ private:
     bool m_ShowDemoWindow{false};
     ObjectId m_SelectedObjectId{InvalidObjectId};
 
+    ObjectId m_CurrentCameraId{InvalidObjectId};
+
     std::function<void()> m_registerBindings;
     std::function<void()> m_unregisterBindings;
     bool m_bindingsUnloaded{false};

destrum/include/destrum/Scene/SceneManager.h

@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@ public:
     Scene& CreateScene(const std::string& name);
 
     Scene& GetCurrentScene() const;
+    const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>>& GetActiveScenes() const { return m_activeScenes; }
 
     void Update(float dt);
     void FixedUpdate(float dt);
     void LateUpdate(float dt);
 
     void Render(const RenderContext& ctx);
-    void RenderImgui();
+    void RenderImgui(bool* open = nullptr);
 
     void HandleGameObjectDestroy();
     void DestroyGameObjects();
@@ -34,7 +35,9 @@ public:
     void Destroy();
 
     void SwitchScene(int index);
-    int GetActiveSceneId() const { return m_scenes.empty() ? -1 : m_ActiveSceneIndex; }
+    void AddActiveScene(int index);
+    void RemoveActiveScene(int index);
+    int GetActiveSceneId() const;
 
     [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>>& GetScenes() const { return m_scenes; }
 
@@ -47,8 +50,7 @@ private:
 
     SceneManager() = default;
 
-    int m_ActiveSceneIndex{0};
-
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>> m_activeScenes;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Scene>> m_scenes;
 };
 

destrum/include/destrum/Serialization/EngineComponentList.h

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #ifndef DESTRUM_ENGINECOMPONENTLIST_H
 #define DESTRUM_ENGINECOMPONENTLIST_H
 
-// Keep the component manifest in one place. Consumers define X before
-// expanding one of these lists to generate registration or other metadata.
 #include <destrum/Components/Animator.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/CameraComponent.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/LightComponent.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/MeshRendererComponent.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/OrbitAndSpin.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Rotator.h>
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 
 #define DESTRUM_ENGINE_COMPONENTS(X) \
     X(MeshRendererComponent) \
+    X(LightComponent) \
+    X(CameraComponent) \
     X(Rotator) \
     X(Spinner) \
     X(OrbitAndSpin) \
@@ -22,6 +24,6 @@
     X(Rigidbody) \
     X(BoxCollider) \
     X(SphereCollider) \
-    X(CapsuleCollider)
+    X(CapsuleCollider) \
 
 #endif // DESTRUM_ENGINECOMPONENTLIST_H

destrum/include/destrum/Serialization/SceneSerializer.h

@@ -2,13 +2,34 @@
 #define DESTRUM_SCENESERIALIZER_H
 
 #include <filesystem>
+#include <functional>
+#include <future>
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
 class Scene;
 
 class SceneSerializer final {
 public:
+    struct LoadResult {
+        bool success{false};
+        std::string errorMessage;
+        nlohmann::json root;
+    };
+
     static bool Save(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path);
-    static bool Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path);
+
+    static bool Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path,
+                     std::function<void(float)> progressCallback = nullptr);
+
+    static LoadResult LoadSceneFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+
+    static bool ConstructScene(Scene& scene, LoadResult& result,
+                               std::function<void(float)> progressCallback = nullptr);
+
+    // Parse the scene file on a background thread. Call LoadFromJson on the
+    // main thread once the future is ready.
+    static std::future<LoadResult> LoadSceneFileAsync(const std::filesystem::path& path);
 };
 
 #endif //DESTRUM_SCENESERIALIZER_H

destrum/include/destrum/Util/ImGuiUtils.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef DESTRUM_IMGUIUTILS_H
 #define DESTRUM_IMGUIUTILS_H
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
@@ -21,7 +22,9 @@ namespace ImGuiUtils {
         std::string_view sceneName,
         const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<GameObject>>& objects,
         const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<GameObject>>& pendingAdditions,
-        ObjectId& selectedObjectId);
+        ObjectId& selectedObjectId,
+        const std::function<GameObject*()>& createGameObject,
+        bool* open = nullptr);
 }
 
 #endif // DESTRUM_IMGUIUTILS_H

destrum/include/destrum/Util/ModelDoc.h

@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@
 #include <glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp>
 #include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
 
-#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/Mesh.h>
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Resources/CPUMesh.h>
 #include <destrum/Assets/AssetReference.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/SkeletalAnimation.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Skeleton.h>

destrum/src/App.cpp

@@ -131,6 +131,12 @@ void App::run()
 
                 imguiPass.handleEvent(event);
 
+                const bool mouseEvent =
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN ||
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP ||
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEMOTION ||
+                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEWHEEL;
+
                 if (event.type == SDL_QUIT)
                 {
                     isRunning = false;
@@ -149,19 +155,13 @@ void App::run()
                     }
                 }
 
-                const bool mouseEvent =
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN ||
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP ||
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEMOTION ||
-                    event.type == SDL_MOUSEWHEEL;
-
                 const bool keyboardEvent =
                     event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN ||
                     event.type == SDL_KEYUP ||
                     event.type == SDL_TEXTINPUT;
 
                 const bool capturedByImgui =
-                    (mouseEvent && imguiPass.wantsMouse()) ||
+                    (mouseEvent && !InputManager::GetInstance().IsMouseCaptured() && imguiPass.wantsMouse()) ||
                     (keyboardEvent && imguiPass.wantsKeyboard());
 
                 if (!capturedByImgui)
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ void App::run()
             }
         }
 
-        if (!isRunning) break;
+if (!isRunning) break;
 
         // Consume SDL events before updating the base camera so held and
         // newly pressed inputs are applied in the same frame.
@@ -195,13 +195,31 @@ void App::run()
         if (m_params.showDebugUi)
         {
             ZoneScopedN("Debug ImGui");
-            SceneManager::GetInstance().RenderImgui();
+            drawWindowsMenu();
 
-            ImGui::Begin("Debug");
+            if (m_DebugWindows.inspector)
+            {
+                SceneManager::GetInstance().RenderImgui(&m_DebugWindows.inspector);
+            }
+
+            if (m_DebugWindows.stats)
+            {
+                if (ImGui::Begin("Debug", &m_DebugWindows.stats))
+                {
                     ImGui::Text("FPS: %.2f", avgFPS);
+                }
                 ImGui::End();
+            }
 
+            if (m_DebugWindows.physics)
+            {
                 drawPhysicsPanel(dt, fixedDt, accumulator);
+            }
+
+            if (m_DebugWindows.imageCache)
+            {
+                m_ResourcesInspector.drawImageCacheWindow(&m_DebugWindows.imageCache, resources, imguiPass);
+            }
 
             TracyPlot("FPS", avgFPS);
             TracyPlot("Frame Time ms", dt * 1000.0f);
@@ -359,9 +377,36 @@ void App::cleanup()
     }
 }
 
+void App::drawWindowsMenu()
+{
+    // ImGui appends to the main menu bar, so this ends up next to whatever menus the game added
+    if (!ImGui::BeginMainMenuBar())
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Windows"))
+    {
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Debug", nullptr, &m_DebugWindows.stats);
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Physics", nullptr, &m_DebugWindows.physics);
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Inspector", nullptr, &m_DebugWindows.inspector);
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Image Cache", nullptr, &m_DebugWindows.imageCache);
+
+        customWindowsMenu();
+
+        ImGui::EndMenu();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
+}
+
 void App::drawPhysicsPanel(float dt, float fixedDt, float accumulator)
 {
-    ImGui::Begin("Physics");
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("Physics", &m_DebugWindows.physics))
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
 
     ImGui::Text("Frame dt: %.3f ms", dt * 1000.0f);
     ImGui::Text("Fixed dt: %.3f ms", fixedDt * 1000.0f);

destrum/src/Assets/AssetManager.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include <destrum/Assets/AssetManager.h>
 
+#include <optional>
 #include <stdexcept>
 
+#include <destrum/Assets/ModelFile.h>
 #include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
 
 namespace {
@@ -11,6 +13,34 @@ namespace {
         }
         return std::string{reference};
     }
+
+    std::optional<std::filesystem::path> FindCookedModel(const std::string& reference) {
+        if (reference.find("://") == std::string::npos) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            const std::filesystem::path cookedPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile(reference);
+            if (cookedPath.extension() == ModelFile::Extension) {
+                return cookedPath;
+            }
+        } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
+            spdlog::warn("Importing {} instead of using its cooked model: {}", reference, exception.what());
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    // Cooked texture paths are relative to the model file, imported ones are absolute
+    void ResolveTexturePaths(ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model, const std::filesystem::path& modelDir) {
+        for (ModelDoc::MaterialInfo& material : model.materials) {
+            for (ModelDoc::TextureInfo& texture : material.textures) {
+                if (texture.embedded || texture.path.empty() || std::filesystem::path{texture.path}.is_absolute()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                texture.path = (modelDir / texture.path).lexically_normal().generic_string();
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 std::filesystem::path AssetManager::Resolve(std::string_view reference) const {
@@ -32,9 +62,7 @@ ModelDoc::ModelAsset AssetManager::LoadModel(
     const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options) const
 {
     const std::string sourceReference = ToReference(reference);
-    ModelDoc::ModelAsset model = ModelDoc::LoadModel(
-        Resolve(sourceReference).generic_string(),
-        options);
+    ModelDoc::ModelAsset model = LoadCookedOrImport(sourceReference, options);
 
     model.sourcePath = sourceReference;
     model.skeleton.assetReference.path = sourceReference;
@@ -44,6 +72,9 @@ ModelDoc::ModelAsset AssetManager::LoadModel(
         primitive.mesh.assetReference.subresource = primitive.sourceMeshIndex != ModelDoc::InvalidIndex
             ? "mesh:" + std::to_string(primitive.sourceMeshIndex)
             : "primitive:" + std::to_string(index);
+        if (primitive.mesh.skeleton) {
+            primitive.mesh.skeleton->assetReference.path = sourceReference;
+        }
     }
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < model.materials.size(); ++index) {
         auto& material = model.materials[index];
@@ -59,6 +90,24 @@ ModelDoc::ModelAsset AssetManager::LoadModel(
     return model;
 }
 
+ModelDoc::ModelAsset AssetManager::LoadCookedOrImport(
+    const std::string& reference,
+    const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options) const
+{
+    if (const auto cookedPath = FindCookedModel(reference)) {
+        ModelDoc::ModelAsset model = ModelFile::ReadFromFile(*cookedPath);
+        if (ModelFile::SupportsLoadOptions(model, options)) {
+            ModelFile::ApplyLoadOptions(model, options);
+            ResolveTexturePaths(model, cookedPath->parent_path());
+            spdlog::debug("Loaded cooked model {}", reference);
+            return model;
+        }
+        spdlog::debug("Importing {}, its cooked model doesn't match the requested load options", reference);
+    }
+
+    return ModelDoc::LoadModel(Resolve(reference).generic_string(), options);
+}
+
 std::vector<SkeletalAnimation> AssetManager::LoadAnimationClips(
     std::string_view reference,
     const Skeleton& targetSkeleton) const

destrum/src/Assets/BinaryStream.h

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+#ifndef DESTRUM_BINARYSTREAM_H
+#define DESTRUM_BINARYSTREAM_H
+
+#include <array>
+#include <bit>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace AssetBinary {
+    static_assert(std::endian::native == std::endian::little, "Cooked assets are stored little endian");
+
+    using Magic = std::array<char, 4>;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    concept RawCopyable = std::is_trivially_copyable_v<T>;
+
+    class BinaryWriter {
+    public:
+        template <RawCopyable T>
+        void Write(const T& value) {
+            const auto* bytes = reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t*>(&value);
+            m_Bytes.insert(m_Bytes.end(), bytes, bytes + sizeof(T));
+        }
+
+        template <RawCopyable T>
+        void WriteArray(const std::vector<T>& values) {
+            WriteCount(values.size());
+            const auto* bytes = reinterpret_cast<const std::uint8_t*>(values.data());
+            m_Bytes.insert(m_Bytes.end(), bytes, bytes + values.size() * sizeof(T));
+        }
+
+        void WriteCount(std::size_t count) {
+            Write(static_cast<std::uint64_t>(count));
+        }
+
+        void WriteBool(bool value) {
+            Write(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(value ? 1 : 0));
+        }
+
+        void WriteString(std::string_view value) {
+            WriteCount(value.size());
+            m_Bytes.insert(m_Bytes.end(), value.begin(), value.end());
+        }
+
+        void WriteStrings(const std::vector<std::string>& values) {
+            WriteCount(values.size());
+            for (const std::string& value : values) {
+                WriteString(value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void WriteHeader(const Magic& magic, std::uint32_t version) {
+            Write(magic);
+            Write(version);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] std::vector<std::uint8_t> TakeBytes() {
+            return std::move(m_Bytes);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> m_Bytes;
+    };
+
+    class BinaryReader {
+    public:
+        explicit BinaryReader(std::span<const std::uint8_t> bytes)
+            : m_Bytes(bytes) {
+        }
+
+        template <RawCopyable T>
+        [[nodiscard]] T Read() {
+            T value{};
+            std::memcpy(&value, Take(sizeof(T)).data(), sizeof(T));
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        template <RawCopyable T>
+        [[nodiscard]] std::vector<T> ReadArray() {
+            const std::size_t count = ReadCount(sizeof(T));
+            std::vector<T> values(count);
+            if (count > 0) {
+                std::memcpy(values.data(), Take(count * sizeof(T)).data(), count * sizeof(T));
+            }
+            return values;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] std::size_t ReadCount(std::size_t minElementSize) {
+            const auto count = Read<std::uint64_t>();
+            if (count > Remaining() / minElementSize) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Cooked asset file is corrupt: element count is out of range");
+            }
+            return static_cast<std::size_t>(count);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] bool ReadBool() {
+            return Read<std::uint8_t>() != 0;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] std::string ReadString() {
+            const std::size_t length = ReadCount(1);
+            const auto bytes = Take(length);
+            return std::string(bytes.begin(), bytes.end());
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] std::vector<std::string> ReadStrings() {
+            std::vector<std::string> values(ReadCount(sizeof(std::uint64_t)));
+            for (std::string& value : values) {
+                value = ReadString();
+            }
+            return values;
+        }
+
+        void ReadHeader(const Magic& magic, std::uint32_t version, std::string_view kind) {
+            if (Read<Magic>() != magic) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Not a cooked " + std::string{kind} + " file");
+            }
+
+            const auto fileVersion = Read<std::uint32_t>();
+            if (fileVersion != version) {
+                throw std::runtime_error(
+                    "Cooked " + std::string{kind} + " file has version " + std::to_string(fileVersion) +
+                    ", expected " + std::to_string(version) + " (recook the asset)");
+            }
+        }
+
+        void ExpectEnd(std::string_view kind) const {
+            if (m_Offset != m_Bytes.size()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Cooked " + std::string{kind} + " file has unexpected data at the end");
+            }
+        }
+
+    private:
+        [[nodiscard]] std::size_t Remaining() const {
+            return m_Bytes.size() - m_Offset;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] std::span<const std::uint8_t> Take(std::size_t size) {
+            if (size > Remaining()) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Cooked asset file is truncated");
+            }
+            const auto bytes = m_Bytes.subspan(m_Offset, size);
+            m_Offset += size;
+            return bytes;
+        }
+
+        std::span<const std::uint8_t> m_Bytes;
+        std::size_t m_Offset{0};
+    };
+
+    inline void WriteAllBytes(const std::filesystem::path& path, const std::vector<std::uint8_t>& bytes) {
+        std::ofstream file(path, std::ios::binary | std::ios::trunc);
+        if (!file) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to open file for writing: " + path.string());
+        }
+        file.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(bytes.data()), static_cast<std::streamsize>(bytes.size()));
+        if (!file) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to write file: " + path.string());
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] inline std::vector<std::uint8_t> ReadAllBytes(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+        std::ifstream file(path, std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+        if (!file) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to open file: " + path.string());
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::uint8_t> bytes(static_cast<std::size_t>(file.tellg()));
+        file.seekg(0);
+        file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(bytes.data()), static_cast<std::streamsize>(bytes.size()));
+        if (!file) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Failed to read file: " + path.string());
+        }
+        return bytes;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] inline std::optional<std::uint32_t> ReadVersion(const std::filesystem::path& path, const Magic& magic) {
+        std::ifstream file(path, std::ios::binary);
+        if (!file) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
+        std::array<std::uint8_t, sizeof(Magic) + sizeof(std::uint32_t)> header{};
+        file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(header.data()), static_cast<std::streamsize>(header.size()));
+        if (!file) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+
+        BinaryReader reader{header};
+        if (reader.Read<Magic>() != magic) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        return reader.Read<std::uint32_t>();
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // DESTRUM_BINARYSTREAM_H

destrum/src/Assets/ModelFile.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+#include <destrum/Assets/ModelFile.h>
+
+#include "BinaryStream.h"
+
+namespace {
+    using AssetBinary::BinaryReader;
+    using AssetBinary::BinaryWriter;
+
+    static_assert(sizeof(CPUMesh::Vertex) == 48);
+    static_assert(sizeof(CPUMesh::SkinningData) == 32);
+    static_assert(sizeof(SkeletalAnimation::Keyframe) == 44);
+    static_assert(sizeof(glm::mat4) == 64);
+
+    constexpr AssetBinary::Magic Magic{'D', 'M', 'D', 'L'};
+    constexpr std::string_view Kind = "model";
+
+    void WriteAssetReference(BinaryWriter& writer, const AssetReference& reference) {
+        writer.WriteString(reference.path);
+        writer.WriteString(reference.subresource);
+    }
+
+    AssetReference ReadAssetReference(BinaryReader& reader) {
+        AssetReference reference;
+        reference.path = reader.ReadString();
+        reference.subresource = reader.ReadString();
+        return reference;
+    }
+
+    void WriteSkeleton(BinaryWriter& writer, const Skeleton& skeleton) {
+        WriteAssetReference(writer, skeleton.assetReference);
+
+        writer.WriteCount(skeleton.hierarchy.size());
+        for (const Skeleton::JointNode& node : skeleton.hierarchy) {
+            writer.Write(node.id);
+            writer.WriteArray(node.children);
+        }
+
+        writer.WriteArray(skeleton.inverseBindMatrices);
+
+        writer.WriteCount(skeleton.joints.size());
+        for (const Joint& joint : skeleton.joints) {
+            writer.Write(joint.id);
+            writer.Write(joint.localTranslation);
+            writer.Write(joint.localRotation);
+            writer.Write(joint.localScale);
+        }
+
+        writer.WriteStrings(skeleton.jointNames);
+        writer.WriteArray(skeleton.parentIndex);
+        writer.Write(skeleton.rootPreTransform);
+    }
+
+    Skeleton ReadSkeleton(BinaryReader& reader) {
+        Skeleton skeleton;
+        skeleton.assetReference = ReadAssetReference(reader);
+
+        skeleton.hierarchy.resize(reader.ReadCount(sizeof(JointId)));
+        for (Skeleton::JointNode& node : skeleton.hierarchy) {
+            node.id = reader.Read<JointId>();
+            node.children = reader.ReadArray<JointId>();
+        }
+
+        skeleton.inverseBindMatrices = reader.ReadArray<glm::mat4>();
+
+        skeleton.joints.resize(reader.ReadCount(sizeof(JointId)));
+        for (Joint& joint : skeleton.joints) {
+            joint.id = reader.Read<JointId>();
+            joint.localTranslation = reader.Read<glm::vec3>();
+            joint.localRotation = reader.Read<glm::quat>();
+            joint.localScale = reader.Read<glm::vec3>();
+        }
+
+        skeleton.jointNames = reader.ReadStrings();
+        skeleton.parentIndex = reader.ReadArray<int>();
+        skeleton.rootPreTransform = reader.Read<glm::mat4>();
+        return skeleton;
+    }
+
+    void WriteMesh(BinaryWriter& writer, const CPUMesh& mesh) {
+        writer.WriteArray(mesh.indices);
+        writer.WriteArray(mesh.vertices);
+        writer.WriteArray(mesh.skinningData);
+        writer.WriteString(mesh.name);
+        WriteAssetReference(writer, mesh.assetReference);
+        writer.Write(mesh.minPos);
+        writer.Write(mesh.maxPos);
+
+        writer.WriteBool(mesh.skeleton.has_value());
+        if (mesh.skeleton) {
+            WriteSkeleton(writer, *mesh.skeleton);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CPUMesh ReadMesh(BinaryReader& reader) {
+        CPUMesh mesh;
+        mesh.indices = reader.ReadArray<std::uint32_t>();
+        mesh.vertices = reader.ReadArray<CPUMesh::Vertex>();
+        mesh.skinningData = reader.ReadArray<CPUMesh::SkinningData>();
+        mesh.name = reader.ReadString();
+        mesh.assetReference = ReadAssetReference(reader);
+        mesh.minPos = reader.Read<glm::vec3>();
+        mesh.maxPos = reader.Read<glm::vec3>();
+
+        if (reader.ReadBool()) {
+            mesh.skeleton = ReadSkeleton(reader);
+        }
+        return mesh;
+    }
+
+    void WritePrimitive(BinaryWriter& writer, const ModelDoc::MeshPrimitive& primitive) {
+        WriteMesh(writer, primitive.mesh);
+        writer.Write(primitive.materialIndex);
+        writer.WriteString(primitive.nodeName);
+        writer.Write(primitive.sourceMeshIndex);
+        writer.WriteBool(primitive.skinned);
+        writer.Write(primitive.nodeWorldTransform);
+    }
+
+    ModelDoc::MeshPrimitive ReadPrimitive(BinaryReader& reader) {
+        ModelDoc::MeshPrimitive primitive;
+        primitive.mesh = ReadMesh(reader);
+        primitive.materialIndex = reader.Read<std::uint32_t>();
+        primitive.nodeName = reader.ReadString();
+        primitive.sourceMeshIndex = reader.Read<std::uint32_t>();
+        primitive.skinned = reader.ReadBool();
+        primitive.nodeWorldTransform = reader.Read<glm::mat4>();
+        return primitive;
+    }
+
+    void WriteTexture(BinaryWriter& writer, const ModelDoc::TextureInfo& texture) {
+        writer.Write(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(texture.semantic));
+        writer.WriteString(texture.rawPath);
+        writer.WriteString(texture.path);
+        writer.Write(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(texture.assimpType));
+        writer.Write(texture.slot);
+        writer.WriteBool(texture.embedded);
+    }
+
+    ModelDoc::TextureInfo ReadTexture(BinaryReader& reader) {
+        ModelDoc::TextureInfo texture;
+        texture.semantic = static_cast<ModelDoc::TextureSemantic>(reader.Read<std::uint32_t>());
+        texture.rawPath = reader.ReadString();
+        texture.path = reader.ReadString();
+        texture.assimpType = static_cast<aiTextureType>(reader.Read<std::uint32_t>());
+        texture.slot = reader.Read<std::uint32_t>();
+        texture.embedded = reader.ReadBool();
+        return texture;
+    }
+
+    void WriteMaterial(BinaryWriter& writer, const ModelDoc::MaterialInfo& material) {
+        writer.WriteString(material.name);
+        WriteAssetReference(writer, material.assetReference);
+        writer.Write(material.baseColor);
+        writer.Write(material.emissiveColor);
+        writer.Write(material.metallicFactor);
+        writer.Write(material.roughnessFactor);
+        writer.Write(material.opacity);
+
+        writer.WriteCount(material.textures.size());
+        for (const ModelDoc::TextureInfo& texture : material.textures) {
+            WriteTexture(writer, texture);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ModelDoc::MaterialInfo ReadMaterial(BinaryReader& reader) {
+        ModelDoc::MaterialInfo material;
+        material.name = reader.ReadString();
+        material.assetReference = ReadAssetReference(reader);
+        material.baseColor = reader.Read<glm::vec4>();
+        material.emissiveColor = reader.Read<glm::vec3>();
+        material.metallicFactor = reader.Read<float>();
+        material.roughnessFactor = reader.Read<float>();
+        material.opacity = reader.Read<float>();
+
+        material.textures.resize(reader.ReadCount(1));
+        for (ModelDoc::TextureInfo& texture : material.textures) {
+            texture = ReadTexture(reader);
+        }
+        return material;
+    }
+
+    void WriteAnimation(BinaryWriter& writer, const SkeletalAnimation& animation) {
+        WriteAssetReference(writer, animation.assetReference);
+
+        writer.WriteCount(animation.tracks.size());
+        for (const SkeletalAnimation::Track& track : animation.tracks) {
+            writer.Write(track.jointIndex);
+            writer.WriteArray(track.keyframes);
+        }
+
+        writer.Write(animation.duration);
+        writer.WriteBool(animation.looped);
+        writer.WriteString(animation.name);
+        writer.Write(animation.startFrame);
+
+        writer.WriteCount(animation.events.size());
+        for (const auto& [frame, events] : animation.events) {
+            writer.Write(frame);
+            writer.WriteStrings(events);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SkeletalAnimation ReadAnimation(BinaryReader& reader) {
+        SkeletalAnimation animation;
+        animation.assetReference = ReadAssetReference(reader);
+
+        animation.tracks.resize(reader.ReadCount(sizeof(std::uint32_t)));
+        for (SkeletalAnimation::Track& track : animation.tracks) {
+            track.jointIndex = reader.Read<std::uint32_t>();
+            track.keyframes = reader.ReadArray<SkeletalAnimation::Keyframe>();
+        }
+
+        animation.duration = reader.Read<float>();
+        animation.looped = reader.ReadBool();
+        animation.name = reader.ReadString();
+        animation.startFrame = reader.Read<int>();
+
+        const std::size_t eventFrameCount = reader.ReadCount(sizeof(int));
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < eventFrameCount; ++i) {
+            const int frame = reader.Read<int>();
+            animation.events[frame] = reader.ReadStrings();
+        }
+        return animation;
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> ModelFile::Write(const ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model) {
+    BinaryWriter writer;
+    writer.WriteHeader(Magic, Version);
+
+    writer.WriteString(model.sourcePath);
+
+    writer.WriteCount(model.primitives.size());
+    for (const ModelDoc::MeshPrimitive& primitive : model.primitives) {
+        WritePrimitive(writer, primitive);
+    }
+
+    writer.WriteCount(model.materials.size());
+    for (const ModelDoc::MaterialInfo& material : model.materials) {
+        WriteMaterial(writer, material);
+    }
+
+    WriteSkeleton(writer, model.skeleton);
+
+    writer.WriteCount(model.animations.size());
+    for (const SkeletalAnimation& animation : model.animations) {
+        WriteAnimation(writer, animation);
+    }
+
+    return writer.TakeBytes();
+}
+
+ModelDoc::ModelAsset ModelFile::Read(std::span<const std::uint8_t> bytes) {
+    BinaryReader reader{bytes};
+    reader.ReadHeader(Magic, Version, Kind);
+
+    ModelDoc::ModelAsset model;
+    model.sourcePath = reader.ReadString();
+
+    model.primitives.resize(reader.ReadCount(1));
+    for (ModelDoc::MeshPrimitive& primitive : model.primitives) {
+        primitive = ReadPrimitive(reader);
+    }
+
+    model.materials.resize(reader.ReadCount(1));
+    for (ModelDoc::MaterialInfo& material : model.materials) {
+        material = ReadMaterial(reader);
+    }
+
+    model.skeleton = ReadSkeleton(reader);
+
+    model.animations.resize(reader.ReadCount(1));
+    for (SkeletalAnimation& animation : model.animations) {
+        animation = ReadAnimation(reader);
+    }
+
+    reader.ExpectEnd(Kind);
+    return model;
+}
+
+void ModelFile::WriteToFile(const ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    AssetBinary::WriteAllBytes(path, Write(model));
+}
+
+ModelDoc::ModelAsset ModelFile::ReadFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    return Read(AssetBinary::ReadAllBytes(path));
+}
+
+std::optional<std::uint32_t> ModelFile::ReadVersionFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    return AssetBinary::ReadVersion(path, Magic);
+}
+
+bool ModelFile::SupportsLoadOptions(const ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model, const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options) {
+    const bool sameImport =
+        options.meshImportMode == CookOptions.meshImportMode &&
+        options.flipUVs == CookOptions.flipUVs &&
+        options.generateTangents == CookOptions.generateTangents &&
+        options.generateSmoothNormals == CookOptions.generateSmoothNormals &&
+        options.joinIdenticalVertices == CookOptions.joinIdenticalVertices &&
+        options.limitBoneWeights == CookOptions.limitBoneWeights &&
+        options.bakeStaticNodeTransforms == CookOptions.bakeStaticNodeTransforms;
+
+    // Meshes are built against the skeleton, so skinned models without it import differently
+    const bool sameMeshes = options.loadSkeleton || !model.IsSkinned();
+
+    return sameImport && sameMeshes;
+}
+
+void ModelFile::ApplyLoadOptions(ModelDoc::ModelAsset& model, const ModelDoc::LoadOptions& options) {
+    if (!options.loadMaterials) {
+        model.materials.clear();
+        for (ModelDoc::MeshPrimitive& primitive : model.primitives) {
+            primitive.materialIndex = ModelDoc::InvalidIndex;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!options.loadSkeleton) {
+        model.skeleton = Skeleton{};
+    }
+    if (!options.loadAnimations) {
+        model.animations.clear();
+    }
+}

destrum/src/Assets/TextureFile.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include <destrum/Assets/TextureFile.h>
+
+#include <glm/gtc/packing.hpp>
+#include <glm/vec4.hpp>
+
+#include "BinaryStream.h"
+
+namespace {
+    using AssetBinary::BinaryReader;
+    using AssetBinary::BinaryWriter;
+
+    constexpr AssetBinary::Magic Magic{'D', 'T', 'E', 'X'};
+    constexpr std::string_view Kind = "texture";
+
+    std::size_t ExpectedByteSize(const TextureFile::Texture& texture) {
+        return std::size_t{texture.width} * texture.height * TextureFile::BytesPerPixel(texture.format);
+    }
+}
+
+std::size_t TextureFile::BytesPerPixel(PixelFormat format) {
+    switch (format) {
+    case PixelFormat::RGBA16Float:
+        return 4 * sizeof(std::uint16_t);
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error("Unknown cooked texture pixel format");
+}
+
+TextureFile::Texture TextureFile::FromRGBA32Float(std::uint32_t width, std::uint32_t height, std::span<const float> rgba) {
+    const std::size_t pixelCount = std::size_t{width} * height;
+    if (rgba.size() != pixelCount * 4) {
+        throw std::invalid_argument("RGBA pixel data doesn't match the texture size");
+    }
+
+    Texture texture{
+        .width = width,
+        .height = height,
+        .format = PixelFormat::RGBA16Float,
+    };
+    texture.pixels.resize(pixelCount * BytesPerPixel(texture.format));
+
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < pixelCount; ++i) {
+        const glm::vec4 color{rgba[i * 4 + 0], rgba[i * 4 + 1], rgba[i * 4 + 2], rgba[i * 4 + 3]};
+        const std::uint64_t packed = glm::packHalf4x16(color);
+        std::memcpy(&texture.pixels[i * sizeof(packed)], &packed, sizeof(packed));
+    }
+    return texture;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::uint8_t> TextureFile::Write(const Texture& texture) {
+    if (texture.pixels.size() != ExpectedByteSize(texture)) {
+        throw std::invalid_argument("Texture pixel data doesn't match its size and format");
+    }
+
+    BinaryWriter writer;
+    writer.WriteHeader(Magic, Version);
+    writer.Write(texture.width);
+    writer.Write(texture.height);
+    writer.Write(static_cast<std::uint32_t>(texture.format));
+    writer.WriteArray(texture.pixels);
+    return writer.TakeBytes();
+}
+
+TextureFile::Texture TextureFile::Read(std::span<const std::uint8_t> bytes) {
+    BinaryReader reader{bytes};
+    reader.ReadHeader(Magic, Version, Kind);
+
+    Texture texture;
+    texture.width = reader.Read<std::uint32_t>();
+    texture.height = reader.Read<std::uint32_t>();
+    texture.format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(reader.Read<std::uint32_t>());
+    texture.pixels = reader.ReadArray<std::uint8_t>();
+    reader.ExpectEnd(Kind);
+
+    if (texture.pixels.size() != ExpectedByteSize(texture)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cooked texture file is corrupt: pixel data doesn't match its size");
+    }
+    return texture;
+}
+
+void TextureFile::WriteToFile(const Texture& texture, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    AssetBinary::WriteAllBytes(path, Write(texture));
+}
+
+TextureFile::Texture TextureFile::ReadFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    return Read(AssetBinary::ReadAllBytes(path));
+}
+
+std::optional<std::uint32_t> TextureFile::ReadVersionFromFile(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    return AssetBinary::ReadVersion(path, Magic);
+}

destrum/src/Components/CameraComponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#include <destrum/Components/CameraComponent.h>
+
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Transform.h>
+#include <destrum/Scene/Scene.h>
+
+#include <glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtx/quaternion.hpp>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <imgui.h>
+
+CameraComponent::CameraComponent(GameObject& parent)
+    : Component(parent, "CameraComponent")
+{
+}
+
+Camera& CameraComponent::GetCamera(float aspectRatio)
+{
+    auto& transform = GetTransform();
+    const glm::quat rotation = transform.GetWorldRotation();
+
+    m_Camera.m_position = transform.GetWorldPosition();
+    m_Camera.SetOrientation(rotation * glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f}, rotation * glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f});
+    m_Camera.SetFOVY(m_FieldOfView);
+    m_Camera.SetZNear(m_ZNear);
+    m_Camera.SetZFar(m_ZFar);
+    m_Camera.setAspectRatio(aspectRatio);
+    return m_Camera;
+}
+
+void CameraComponent::SetFieldOfView(float fovDegrees)
+{
+    m_FieldOfView = std::clamp(fovDegrees, 1.0f, 179.0f);
+}
+
+void CameraComponent::SetClipPlanes(float zNear, float zFar)
+{
+    m_ZNear = std::max(zNear, 0.0001f);
+    m_ZFar = std::max(zFar, m_ZNear + 0.01f);
+}
+
+void CameraComponent::MakeCurrent()
+{
+    if (Scene* scene = GetGameObject()->GetScene()) {
+        scene->SetCurrentCamera(this);
+    }
+}
+
+bool CameraComponent::IsCurrent() const
+{
+    const Scene* scene = GetGameObject()->GetScene();
+    return scene != nullptr && scene->GetCurrentCamera() == this;
+}
+
+nlohmann::json CameraComponent::Serialize() const {
+    return {
+        {"fieldOfView", m_FieldOfView},
+        {"zNear", m_ZNear},
+        {"zFar", m_ZFar}
+    };
+}
+
+void CameraComponent::Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) {
+    if (data.contains("fieldOfView")) {
+        SetFieldOfView(data.at("fieldOfView").get<float>());
+    }
+    SetClipPlanes(data.value("zNear", m_ZNear), data.value("zFar", m_ZFar));
+}
+
+void CameraComponent::ImGuiInspector() {
+    bool current = IsCurrent();
+    if (ImGui::Checkbox("Current Camera", &current) && current) {
+        MakeCurrent();
+    }
+
+    float fieldOfView = m_FieldOfView;
+    if (ImGui::DragFloat("Field Of View", &fieldOfView, 0.5f, 1.0f, 179.0f)) {
+        SetFieldOfView(fieldOfView);
+    }
+
+    float zNear = m_ZNear;
+    float zFar = m_ZFar;
+    const bool nearChanged = ImGui::DragFloat("Near", &zNear, 0.01f, 0.0001f, 100.0f);
+    const bool farChanged = ImGui::DragFloat("Far", &zFar, 1.0f, 0.1f, 100000.0f);
+    if (nearChanged || farChanged) {
+        SetClipPlanes(zNear, zFar);
+    }
+}

destrum/src/Components/LightComponent.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include <destrum/Components/LightComponent.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/RenderContext.h>
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Transform.h>
+
+#include <glm/gtc/constants.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/quaternion.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtx/quaternion.hpp>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+
+#include <imgui.h>
+
+LightComponent::LightComponent(GameObject& parent, LightType type)
+    : Component(parent, "LightComponent")
+    , m_Type(type)
+{
+}
+
+void LightComponent::SetIntensity(float intensity)
+{
+    m_Intensity = std::max(intensity, 0.0f);
+}
+
+void LightComponent::SetRange(float range)
+{
+    m_Range = std::max(range, 0.01f);
+}
+
+void LightComponent::SetConeAngles(float innerConeAngle, float outerConeAngle)
+{
+    m_InnerConeAngle = std::clamp(innerConeAngle, 0.0f, glm::half_pi<float>());
+    m_OuterConeAngle = std::clamp(outerConeAngle, m_InnerConeAngle, glm::half_pi<float>());
+}
+
+void LightComponent::Render(const RenderContext& ctx)
+{
+    auto& transform = GetTransform();
+
+    ctx.renderer.submitLight(Light{
+        .type = m_Type,
+        .position = transform.GetWorldPosition(),
+        .direction = transform.GetWorldRotation() * glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f},
+        .color = m_Color,
+        .intensity = m_Intensity,
+        .range = m_Range,
+        .innerConeAngle = m_InnerConeAngle,
+        .outerConeAngle = m_OuterConeAngle,
+        .castShadows = m_CastShadows,
+    });
+}
+
+nlohmann::json LightComponent::Serialize() const {
+    return {
+        {"type", static_cast<std::uint32_t>(m_Type)},
+        {"color", {m_Color.x, m_Color.y, m_Color.z}},
+        {"intensity", m_Intensity},
+        {"range", m_Range},
+        {"innerConeAngle", m_InnerConeAngle},
+        {"outerConeAngle", m_OuterConeAngle},
+        {"castShadows", m_CastShadows}
+    };
+}
+
+void LightComponent::Deserialize(const nlohmann::json& data) {
+    if (data.contains("type")) {
+        const auto type = data.at("type").get<std::uint32_t>();
+        if (type <= static_cast<std::uint32_t>(LightType::Spot)) {
+            m_Type = static_cast<LightType>(type);
+        }
+    }
+    if (data.contains("color")) {
+        const auto& value = data.at("color");
+        m_Color = {value.at(0).get<float>(), value.at(1).get<float>(), value.at(2).get<float>()};
+    }
+    if (data.contains("intensity")) {
+        SetIntensity(data.at("intensity").get<float>());
+    }
+    if (data.contains("range")) {
+        SetRange(data.at("range").get<float>());
+    }
+
+    float innerConeAngle = m_InnerConeAngle;
+    float outerConeAngle = m_OuterConeAngle;
+    if (data.contains("innerConeAngle")) {
+        innerConeAngle = data.at("innerConeAngle").get<float>();
+    }
+    if (data.contains("outerConeAngle")) {
+        outerConeAngle = data.at("outerConeAngle").get<float>();
+    }
+    SetConeAngles(innerConeAngle, outerConeAngle);
+
+    if (data.contains("castShadows")) {
+        m_CastShadows = data.at("castShadows").get<bool>();
+    }
+}
+
+void LightComponent::ImGuiInspector() {
+    constexpr std::array typeNames{"Directional", "Point", "Spot"};
+
+    int type = static_cast<int>(m_Type);
+    if (ImGui::Combo("Type", &type, typeNames.data(), static_cast<int>(typeNames.size()))) {
+        SetType(static_cast<LightType>(type));
+    }
+
+    ImGui::ColorEdit3("Color", &m_Color.x);
+
+    float intensity = m_Intensity;
+    if (ImGui::DragFloat("Intensity", &intensity, 0.05f, 0.0f)) {
+        SetIntensity(intensity);
+    }
+
+    if (m_Type == LightType::Directional) {
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Cast Shadows", &m_CastShadows);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("(first directional light only)");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    float range = m_Range;
+    if (ImGui::DragFloat("Range", &range, 0.05f, 0.01f)) {
+        SetRange(range);
+    }
+
+    if (m_Type == LightType::Spot) {
+        float innerConeAngle = m_InnerConeAngle;
+        float outerConeAngle = m_OuterConeAngle;
+        bool changed = ImGui::SliderAngle("Inner Cone", &innerConeAngle, 0.0f, 90.0f);
+        changed |= ImGui::SliderAngle("Outer Cone", &outerConeAngle, 0.0f, 90.0f);
+        if (changed) {
+            SetConeAngles(innerConeAngle, outerConeAngle);
+        }
+    }
+}

destrum/src/Components/MeshRendererComponent.cpp

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ void MeshRendererComponent::Start() {
             VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT |
             VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT
         );
+
+        const std::string bufferName = GetGameObject()->GetName() + " (skinned vertices)";
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), m_skinnedMesh->skinnedVertexBuffer.buffer, bufferName.c_str());
     }
 }
 

destrum/src/Graphics/BindlessSetManager.cpp

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ void BindlessSetManager::init(
         };
 
         VK_CHECK(vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &descPool));
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, descPool, "bindless descriptor pool");
     }
 
     { // build desc set layout
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ void BindlessSetManager::init(
         };
 
         VK_CHECK(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &info, nullptr, &descSetLayout));
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, descSetLayout, "bindless descriptor set layout");
     }
 
     { // alloc desc set
@@ -122,6 +124,7 @@ void BindlessSetManager::init(
         };
 
         VK_CHECK(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descSet));
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, descSet, "bindless descriptor set");
     }
 
         initDefaultSamplers(device, maxAnisotropy);

destrum/src/Graphics/Camera.cpp

@@ -114,7 +114,16 @@ void Camera::SetRotation(const glm::vec2& yawPitchRadians) {
     SetRotation(yawPitchRadians.x, yawPitchRadians.y);
 }
 
-void Camera::SetTarget(const glm::vec3& target) {
+void Camera::SetOrientation(const glm::vec3& forward, const glm::vec3& up) {
+    m_useTarget = false;
+    m_forward = glm::normalize(forward);
+    m_right   = glm::normalize(glm::cross(m_forward, up));
+    m_up      = glm::normalize(glm::cross(m_right, m_forward));
+    m_yaw     = std::atan2(m_forward.z, m_forward.x);
+    m_pitch   = std::asin(glm::clamp(m_forward.y, -1.0f, 1.0f));
+}
+
+void Camera::SetTarget(const glm::vec3&) {
 }
 
 void Camera::ClearTarget() {

destrum/src/Graphics/ComputePipeline.cpp

@@ -99,8 +99,13 @@ void ComputePipeline::CreateComputePipeline(const std::string& compPath,
         throw std::runtime_error("Can't make compute pipeline!");
     }
 
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(m_device.getDevice(), m_compShaderModule, compFileName.c_str());
+
     if (!configInfo.name.empty()) {
-        vkutil::addDebugLabel(GameState::GetInstance().Gfx().getDevice(), m_computePipeline, configInfo.name.c_str());
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(m_device.getDevice(), m_computePipeline, configInfo.name.c_str());
+
+        const std::string layoutName = configInfo.name + " Layout";
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(m_device.getDevice(), configInfo.pipelineLayout, layoutName.c_str());
     }
 }
 

destrum/src/Graphics/GfxDevice.cpp

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ void GfxDevice::endFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const GPUImage& drawImage, const E
 
     auto swapchainLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED; {
         ZoneScopedN("Clear Swapchain Image");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Clear Swapchain Image", vkutil::labelColors::transfer);
 
         const VkImageSubresourceRange clearRange = vkinit::imageSubresourceRange(VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT);
         vkutil::transitionImage(cmd, swapchainImage, swapchainLayout, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL);
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ void GfxDevice::endFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const GPUImage& drawImage, const E
 
     if (true) {
         ZoneScopedN("Copy DrawImage To Swapchain");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Copy DrawImage To Swapchain", vkutil::labelColors::transfer);
 
         vkutil::transitionImage(
             cmd,
@@ -190,6 +192,7 @@ void GfxDevice::endFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const GPUImage& drawImage, const E
 
     if (props.imguiPass) {
         ZoneScopedN("ImGui Render");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "ImGui Render", vkutil::labelColors::ui);
 
         props.imguiPass->render(
             cmd,
@@ -202,6 +205,7 @@ void GfxDevice::endFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const GPUImage& drawImage, const E
 
     {
         ZoneScopedN("Transition Swapchain To Present");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Transition Swapchain To Present", vkutil::labelColors::transfer);
 
         vkutil::transitionImage(cmd, swapchainImage, swapchainLayout, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR);
         swapchainLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

destrum/src/Graphics/ImageLoader.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,14 @@
 
 #include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
 
+#include <destrum/Assets/TextureFile.h>
+
 ImageData::~ImageData()
+{
+    freePixels();
+}
+
+void ImageData::freePixels()
 {
     if (shouldSTBFree) {
         if (pixels)    stbi_image_free(pixels);
@@ -22,6 +29,12 @@ ImageData::~ImageData()
         if (hdrPixels) free(hdrPixels);
         spdlog::debug("Freed TinyEXR image memory");
     }
+
+    cookedPixels.clear();
+    pixels = nullptr;
+    hdrPixels = nullptr;
+    shouldSTBFree = false;
+    shouldEXRFree = false;
 }
 
 namespace util
@@ -33,13 +46,46 @@ namespace util
         return ext == ".exr";
     }
 
+    static bool isCookedTextureExt(const std::filesystem::path& p)
+    {
+        auto ext = p.extension().string();
+        for (auto& c : ext) c = char(::tolower(c));
+        return ext == TextureFile::Extension;
+    }
+
+    static VkFormat toVkFormat(TextureFile::PixelFormat format)
+    {
+        switch (format) {
+            case TextureFile::PixelFormat::RGBA16Float: return VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT;
+        }
+        return VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+    }
+
     ImageData loadImage(const std::filesystem::path& p, TextureIntent intent)
     {
         ImageData data;
 
 
 
-        // ---------- EXR ----------
+        if (isCookedTextureExt(p)) {
+            try {
+                TextureFile::Texture texture = TextureFile::ReadFromFile(p);
+
+                data.cookedPixels = std::move(texture.pixels);
+                data.pixels = data.cookedPixels.data();
+                data.width = static_cast<int>(texture.width);
+                data.height = static_cast<int>(texture.height);
+                data.channels = 4;
+
+                data.vkFormat = toVkFormat(texture.format);
+                data.byteSize = data.cookedPixels.size();
+            } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
+                spdlog::error("Failed to read cooked texture '{}': {}", p.string(), exception.what());
+                return {};
+            }
+            return data;
+        }
+
         if (isExrExt(p)) {
             float* out = nullptr;
             int w = 0, h = 0;

destrum/src/Graphics/ImmediateExecuter.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ void VulkanImmediateExecutor::init(
         };
         VK_CHECK(vkCreateFence(deviceHandle, &fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &immFence));
 
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(deviceHandle, immCommandPool, "immediate command pool");
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(deviceHandle, immCommandBuffer, "immediate command buffer");
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(deviceHandle, immFence, "immediate fence");
+
         initialized = true;
     } catch (...) {
         cleanup(deviceHandle);

destrum/src/Graphics/Managers/FrameManager.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ void FrameManager::init(VkDevice dev, std::uint32_t queueFamily) {
             const auto cmdAllocInfo = vkinit::commandBufferAllocateInfo(commandPool, 1);
             auto& mainCommandBuffer = frames[i].commandBuffer;
             VK_CHECK(vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &cmdAllocInfo, &mainCommandBuffer));
+
+            const std::string poolName = "frame " + std::to_string(i) + " command pool";
+            const std::string cmdName = "frame " + std::to_string(i) + " command buffer";
+            vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, commandPool, poolName.c_str());
+            vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, mainCommandBuffer, cmdName.c_str());
         }
     } catch (...) {
         cleanup(dev);

destrum/src/Graphics/Managers/ImageManager.cpp

@@ -178,7 +178,9 @@ std::optional<GPUImage> ImageManager::loadImageFromFile(
     }
 
     image.debugName = path.string();
-    vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, image.image, path.string().c_str());
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, image.image, image.debugName.c_str());
+    const std::string viewName = image.debugName + " (view)";
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, image.imageView, viewName.c_str());
 
     return image;
 }

destrum/src/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
+
+void LineRenderingManager::SubmitLine(const Line& line)
+{
+    lines.push_back(line);
+}
+
+void LineRenderingManager::SubmitLine(
+    const glm::vec3& start,
+    const glm::vec3& end,
+    const glm::vec4& color)
+{
+    SubmitLine(Line{
+        .start = start,
+        .end = end,
+        .color = color,
+    });
+}
+
+void LineRenderingManager::ClearLines()
+{
+    lines.clear();
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h>
+
+void QuadRenderingManager::SubmitQuad(
+    const glm::vec2& position,
+    const glm::vec2& size,
+    const glm::vec4& color,
+    ImageID textureId)
+{
+    SubmitQuad(position, size, 0.0f, color, textureId);
+}
+
+void QuadRenderingManager::SubmitQuad(
+    const glm::vec2& position,
+    const glm::vec2& size,
+    float rotation,
+    const glm::vec4& color,
+    ImageID textureId)
+{
+    quads.push_back(QuadSubmission{
+        .position = position,
+        .size = size,
+        .rotation = rotation,
+        .color = color,
+        .textureId = textureId,
+    });
+}
+
+void QuadRenderingManager::ClearQuads()
+{
+    quads.clear();
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/MeshCache.cpp

@@ -156,6 +156,9 @@ void MeshCache::uploadMesh(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const CPUMesh& cpuMesh, GPUMesh
             VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
             VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_DEVICE);
 
+        const auto skinningBufferName = cpuMesh.name + " (skinning data)";
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), gpuMesh.skinningDataBuffer.buffer, skinningBufferName.c_str());
+
         auto skinningStaging =
             gfxDevice.createBuffer(
                 skinningDataSize,

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipeline.cpp

@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ void Pipeline::CreateGraphicsPipeline(const std::string& vertPath, const std::st
 
         CreateShaderModule(vertCode, &m_vertShaderModule);
 
-        // vkutil::addDebugLabel(
-        //     m_device.getDevice(),
-        //     m_fragShaderModule,
-        //     VertFileName.c_str()
-        // );
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(
+            m_device.getDevice(),
+            m_vertShaderModule,
+            VertFileName.c_str()
+        );
 
         VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo{};
         vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ void Pipeline::CreateGraphicsPipeline(const std::string& vertPath, const std::st
 
         CreateShaderModule(fragCode, &m_fragShaderModule);
 
-        // vkutil::addDebugLabel(
-        //     m_device.getDevice(),
-        //     m_fragShaderModule,
-        //     FragFileName.c_str()
-        // );
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(
+            m_device.getDevice(),
+            m_fragShaderModule,
+            FragFileName.c_str()
+        );
 
 
         VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo{};
@@ -231,18 +231,17 @@ void Pipeline::CreateGraphicsPipeline(const std::string& vertPath, const std::st
     pipelineInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1;
     pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
-    if (!configInfo.name.empty()) {
-        // DebugLabel::SetObjectName(
-        //     reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(pipelineInfo.layout),
-        //     VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT,
-        //     configInfo.name.c_str()
-        // );
-    }
-
 
     if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(m_device.getDevice(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &m_graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
         throw std::runtime_error("Can't make pipeline!");
     }
+
+    if (!configInfo.name.empty()) {
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(m_device.getDevice(), m_graphicsPipeline, configInfo.name.c_str());
+
+        const std::string layoutName = configInfo.name + " Layout";
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(m_device.getDevice(), configInfo.pipelineLayout, layoutName.c_str());
+    }
 }
 
 void Pipeline::CreateShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code, VkShaderModule* shaderModule) const {

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/ImguiPass.cpp

@@ -122,8 +122,22 @@ void ImguiPass::beginFrame() {
         return;
     }
 
+    // the previous UI was built but never rendered (e.g. the frame got skipped while resizing),
+    // so the GPU never saw these
+    std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> unusedTextures;
+    for (const FrameTexture& texture : pendingTextures) {
+        unusedTextures.push_back(texture.descriptorSet);
+    }
+    pendingTextures.clear();
+    releaseTextures(unusedTextures);
+
     ImGui_ImplVulkan_NewFrame();
     ImGui_ImplSDL2_NewFrame();
+
+    if (SDL_GetRelativeMouseMode() == SDL_TRUE) {
+        ImGui::GetIO().MousePos = ImVec2(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    }
+
     ImGui::NewFrame();
 
     frameBegun = true;
@@ -150,6 +164,18 @@ void ImguiPass::render(
         return;
     }
 
+    {
+        // beginFrame on the gfx device already waited for this frame index' fence,
+        // so the textures it used last time around can go
+        auto& inFlight = inFlightTextures[gfx->getCurrentFrameIndex() % FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
+        releaseTextures(inFlight);
+
+        for (const FrameTexture& texture : pendingTextures) {
+            inFlight.push_back(texture.descriptorSet);
+        }
+        pendingTextures.clear();
+    }
+
     ImDrawData* drawData = ImGui::GetDrawData();
     if (drawData == nullptr || drawData->CmdListsCount == 0) {
         return;
@@ -195,6 +221,8 @@ void ImguiPass::onSwapchainRecreated() {
     const auto newFormat = gfx->getSwapchainFormat();
     if (newFormat != colorFormat) {
         if (vulkanInitialized) {
+            // the swapchain recreate waited for the device, nothing is in flight anymore
+            releaseAllTextures();
             ImGui_ImplVulkan_Shutdown();
             vulkanInitialized = false;
         }
@@ -219,6 +247,7 @@ void ImguiPass::cleanup() {
     }
 
     if (vulkanInitialized) {
+        releaseAllTextures();
         ImGui_ImplVulkan_Shutdown();
         vulkanInitialized = false;
     }
@@ -288,3 +317,49 @@ void ImguiPass::transitionToColorAttachment(
 
     vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &dependencyInfo);
 }
+
+ImTextureID ImguiPass::getFrameTexture(VkImageView imageView, VkImageLayout imageLayout) {
+    if (!vulkanInitialized || imageView == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        return ImTextureID{};
+    }
+
+    for (const FrameTexture& texture : pendingTextures) {
+        if (texture.imageView == imageView && texture.imageLayout == imageLayout) {
+            return reinterpret_cast<ImTextureID>(texture.descriptorSet);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet = ImGui_ImplVulkan_AddTexture(imageView, imageLayout);
+    if (descriptorSet == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        return ImTextureID{};
+    }
+
+    pendingTextures.push_back(FrameTexture{
+        .imageView = imageView,
+        .imageLayout = imageLayout,
+        .descriptorSet = descriptorSet,
+    });
+    return reinterpret_cast<ImTextureID>(descriptorSet);
+}
+
+void ImguiPass::releaseTextures(std::vector<VkDescriptorSet>& textures) {
+    if (vulkanInitialized) {
+        for (VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet : textures) {
+            ImGui_ImplVulkan_RemoveTexture(descriptorSet);
+        }
+    }
+    textures.clear();
+}
+
+void ImguiPass::releaseAllTextures() {
+    std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> textures;
+    for (const FrameTexture& texture : pendingTextures) {
+        textures.push_back(texture.descriptorSet);
+    }
+    pendingTextures.clear();
+    releaseTextures(textures);
+
+    for (auto& inFlight : inFlightTextures) {
+        releaseTextures(inFlight);
+    }
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LightCullingPipeline.h>
+
+#include "destrum/FS/AssetFS.h"
+#include "destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h"
+#include "destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h"
+#include "destrum/Graphics/Util.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include "volk.h"
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        const auto& device = gfxDevice.getDevice();
+
+        const auto pushConstant = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(PushConstants),
+        };
+
+        const auto pushConstants = std::array{pushConstant};
+
+        const auto layouts = std::array{
+            resources.getBindlessDescSetLayout()
+        };
+
+        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(layouts.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(pushConstants.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = pushConstants.data();
+
+        if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &m_pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Could not make light culling pipeline layout");
+        }
+
+        ComputePipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+        pipelineConfig.name = "light culling compute pipeline";
+        pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = m_pipelineLayout;
+
+        const auto lightCullingShaderPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile(
+            "engine://shaders/light_culling.comp");
+
+        lightCullingPipeline = std::make_unique<ComputePipeline>(
+            gfxDevice,
+            lightCullingShaderPath.generic_string(),
+            pipelineConfig
+        );
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; ++i)
+        {
+            auto& lightsBuffer = framesData[i].lightsBuffer;
+            lightsBuffer.capacity = MAX_LIGHTS;
+            lightsBuffer.buffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+                MAX_LIGHTS * sizeof(GPULight),
+                VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
+                VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU);
+            vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, lightsBuffer.buffer.buffer, "lights");
+        }
+
+        createTileBuffer(gfxDevice, drawImageSize);
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        cleanup(gfxDevice);
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    for (auto& frame : framesData)
+    {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(frame.lightsBuffer.buffer);
+        frame.lightsBuffer.buffer = {};
+        frame.lightsBuffer.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(tileLightIndicesBuffer);
+    tileLightIndicesBuffer = {};
+    tileCount = glm::uvec2{0u, 0u};
+
+    if (m_pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && gfxDevice.getDevice() != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(gfxDevice.getDevice(), m_pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    }
+    m_pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+    lightCullingPipeline.reset();
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::resize(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
+{
+    gfxDevice.waitIdle();
+
+    gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(tileLightIndicesBuffer);
+    tileLightIndicesBuffer = {};
+    createTileBuffer(gfxDevice, drawImageSize);
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::createTileBuffer(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
+{
+    assert(drawImageSize.x > 0 && drawImageSize.y > 0);
+
+    tileCount = glm::uvec2{
+        (static_cast<std::uint32_t>(drawImageSize.x) + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE,
+        (static_cast<std::uint32_t>(drawImageSize.y) + TILE_SIZE - 1) / TILE_SIZE,
+    };
+
+    const std::size_t numTiles = static_cast<std::size_t>(tileCount.x) * tileCount.y;
+    tileLightIndicesBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+        numTiles * TILE_STRIDE * sizeof(std::uint32_t),
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT);
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), tileLightIndicesBuffer.buffer, "tile light indices");
+
+    spdlog::debug("Forward+ light grid: {}x{} tiles", tileCount.x, tileCount.y);
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::beginDrawing(std::size_t frameIndex)
+{
+    currentFrameIndex = frameIndex;
+    getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.clear();
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::appendLight(const Light& light)
+{
+    auto& lightsBuffer = getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer;
+    if (lightsBuffer.size >= lightsBuffer.capacity)
+    {
+        if (!warnedAboutLightLimit)
+        {
+            spdlog::warn("Light limit of {} reached, extra lights are ignored", MAX_LIGHTS);
+            warnedAboutLightLimit = true;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const float directionLength = glm::length(light.direction);
+    const glm::vec3 direction = directionLength > 1e-6f
+                                    ? light.direction / directionLength
+                                    : glm::vec3{0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f};
+
+    const auto gpuLight = GPULight{
+        .position = light.position,
+        .range = light.range,
+        .color = light.color,
+        .intensity = light.intensity,
+        .direction = direction,
+        .type = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(light.type),
+        .spotInnerCos = std::cos(light.innerConeAngle),
+        .spotOuterCos = std::cos(light.outerConeAngle),
+        .castShadows = light.castShadows ? 1u : 0u,
+        .padding = 0.0f,
+    };
+    lightsBuffer.append(gpuLight);
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::flushCurrentFrame(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    auto& buffer = getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.buffer;
+    gfxDevice.getMemoryManager().flushAllocation(buffer, 0, VK_WHOLE_SIZE);
+    vkutil::bufferHostWriteToShaderReadBarrier(
+        cmd,
+        buffer.buffer,
+        0,
+        static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(MAX_LIGHTS * sizeof(GPULight)));
+}
+
+void LightCullingPipeline::cullLights(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    const RenderResources& resources,
+    const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+    ImageID depthImageId,
+    VkExtent2D renderExtent)
+{
+    if (!lightCullingPipeline)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    {
+        // previous frame's mesh pass might still be reading the tile lists
+        const VkBufferMemoryBarrier2 tileBufferBarrier{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
+            .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
+            .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT,
+            .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
+            .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT,
+            .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+            .buffer = tileLightIndicesBuffer.buffer,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+        };
+
+        const VkDependencyInfo dependencyInfo{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
+            .bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
+            .pBufferMemoryBarriers = &tileBufferBarrier,
+        };
+        vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &dependencyInfo);
+    }
+
+    lightCullingPipeline->bind(cmd);
+    resources.bindBindlessDescSet(cmd, m_pipelineLayout, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE);
+
+    const auto cs = PushConstants{
+        .sceneDataBuffer = sceneDataBuffer.address,
+        .screenSize = glm::uvec2{renderExtent.width, renderExtent.height},
+        .depthTexId = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(depthImageId),
+        .padding = 0,
+    };
+
+    vkCmdPushConstants(cmd,
+                       m_pipelineLayout,
+                       VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
+                       0,
+                       sizeof(PushConstants),
+                       &cs);
+
+    // one workgroup per tile
+    vkCmdDispatch(cmd, tileCount.x, tileCount.y, 1);
+
+    const VkBufferMemoryBarrier2 tileBufferBarrier{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER_2,
+        .srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT,
+        .srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_WRITE_BIT,
+        .dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_2_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT,
+        .dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_2_SHADER_STORAGE_READ_BIT,
+        .srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED,
+        .buffer = tileLightIndicesBuffer.buffer,
+        .offset = 0,
+        .size = VK_WHOLE_SIZE,
+    };
+
+    const VkDependencyInfo dependencyInfo{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEPENDENCY_INFO,
+        .bufferMemoryBarrierCount = 1,
+        .pBufferMemoryBarriers = &tileBufferBarrier,
+    };
+    vkCmdPipelineBarrier2(cmd, &dependencyInfo);
+}
+
+VkDeviceAddress LightCullingPipeline::getLightsBufferAddress() const
+{
+    return getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.buffer.address;
+}
+
+std::uint32_t LightCullingPipeline::getNumLights() const
+{
+    return static_cast<std::uint32_t>(getCurrentFrameData().lightsBuffer.size);
+}
+
+LightCullingPipeline::PerFrameData& LightCullingPipeline::getCurrentFrameData()
+{
+    return framesData[currentFrameIndex % FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
+}
+
+const LightCullingPipeline::PerFrameData& LightCullingPipeline::getCurrentFrameData() const
+{
+    return framesData[currentFrameIndex % FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT];
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/LineRenderingPass.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Camera.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GPUImage.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
+
+#include "volk.h"
+
+namespace {
+    constexpr std::size_t InitialVertexCapacity = 256;
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, VkFormat drawImageFormat)
+{
+    try {
+        vertexBuffer.init(
+            gfxDevice,
+            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+            InitialVertexCapacity * sizeof(LineVertex),
+            "line vertices");
+        vertexCapacity = InitialVertexCapacity;
+
+        const auto vertexShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/line.vert");
+        const auto fragmentShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/line.frag");
+
+        const auto pushConstantRange = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(glm::mat4),
+        };
+
+        const auto pipelineLayoutInfo = VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+            .pushConstantRangeCount = 1,
+            .pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstantRange,
+        };
+
+        VK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(
+            gfxDevice.getDevice(),
+            &pipelineLayoutInfo,
+            nullptr,
+            &pipelineLayout));
+
+        PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+        Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+        pipelineConfig.name = "Line Rendering Pipeline";
+        pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout;
+        pipelineConfig.inputAssemblyInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST;
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
+        pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {drawImageFormat};
+        pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+
+        pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputBindingDescription{
+                .binding = 0,
+                .stride = sizeof(LineVertex),
+                .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX,
+            }
+        };
+        pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 0,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(LineVertex, position),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 1,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(LineVertex, color),
+            },
+        };
+
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_TRUE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor =
+            VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor =
+            VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+
+        pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+            gfxDevice,
+            vertexShader.string(),
+            fragmentShader.string(),
+            pipelineConfig);
+    } catch (...) {
+        cleanup(gfxDevice);
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::draw(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    const GPUImage& target,
+    const Camera& camera,
+    LineRenderingManager& lineManager)
+{
+    const auto& lines = lineManager.GetLines();
+    if (!pipeline || lines.empty()) {
+        lineManager.ClearLines();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (lines.size() > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / 2) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many lines submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<LineVertex> vertices;
+    vertices.reserve(lines.size() * 2);
+    for (const Line& line : lines) {
+        vertices.push_back(LineVertex{
+            .position = glm::vec4{line.start, 1.0f},
+            .color = line.color,
+        });
+        vertices.push_back(LineVertex{
+            .position = glm::vec4{line.end, 1.0f},
+            .color = line.color,
+        });
+    }
+
+    if (vertices.size() > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many line vertices submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    ensureVertexCapacity(gfxDevice, vertices.size());
+    vertexBuffer.uploadNewData(
+        cmd,
+        gfxDevice.getCurrentFrameIndex(),
+        vertices.data(),
+        vertices.size() * sizeof(LineVertex));
+
+    auto renderInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
+        .renderExtent = target.getExtent2D(),
+        .colorImageView = target.imageView,
+    });
+
+    vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &renderInfo.renderingInfo);
+
+    pipeline->bind(cmd);
+
+    const auto viewport = VkViewport{
+        .x = 0.0f,
+        .y = 0.0f,
+        .width = static_cast<float>(target.extent.width),
+        .height = static_cast<float>(target.extent.height),
+        .minDepth = 0.0f,
+        .maxDepth = 1.0f,
+    };
+    vkCmdSetViewport(cmd, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+    const auto scissor = VkRect2D{
+        .offset = {},
+        .extent = target.getExtent2D(),
+    };
+    vkCmdSetScissor(cmd, 0, 1, &scissor);
+    vkCmdSetPolygonModeEXT(cmd, VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL);
+
+    const glm::mat4 viewProjection = camera.GetViewProjectionMatrix();
+    vkCmdPushConstants(
+        cmd,
+        pipelineLayout,
+        VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+        0,
+        sizeof(viewProjection),
+        &viewProjection);
+
+    const VkBuffer vertexBufferHandle = vertexBuffer.getBuffer().buffer;
+    const VkDeviceSize vertexBufferOffset = 0;
+    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmd, 0, 1, &vertexBufferHandle, &vertexBufferOffset);
+    vkCmdDraw(cmd, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(vertices.size()), 1, 0, 0);
+
+    vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+    lineManager.ClearLines();
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    pipeline.reset();
+
+    if (pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && gfxDevice.getDevice() != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(gfxDevice.getDevice(), pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    }
+    pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    vertexBuffer.cleanup(gfxDevice);
+    vertexCapacity = 0;
+}
+
+void LineRenderingPass::ensureVertexCapacity(
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    std::size_t requiredVertices)
+{
+    if (requiredVertices <= vertexCapacity) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t newCapacity = std::max(vertexCapacity, InitialVertexCapacity);
+    while (newCapacity < requiredVertices) {
+        if (newCapacity > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / 2) {
+            newCapacity = requiredVertices;
+            break;
+        }
+        newCapacity *= 2;
+    }
+
+    gfxDevice.waitIdle();
+    vertexBuffer.cleanup(gfxDevice);
+    vertexBuffer.init(
+        gfxDevice,
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+        newCapacity * sizeof(LineVertex),
+        "line vertices");
+    vertexCapacity = newCapacity;
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/MeshPipeline.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Caches/MeshCache.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Frustum.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
 
 #include "volk.h"
 #include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ void MeshPipeline::init(
     VkFormat drawImageFormat,
     VkFormat depthImageFormat)
 {
-    try {
+    try
+    {
         const auto vertexShader =
             AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/mesh.vert");
 
@@ -59,6 +61,29 @@ void MeshPipeline::init(
             throw std::runtime_error("Could not create mesh pipeline layout");
         }
 
+        {
+            PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+            Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+
+            pipelineConfig.name = "Mesh Depth Prepass Pipeline";
+            pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = m_pipelineLayout;
+
+            pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {};
+            pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {};
+
+            pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {};
+            pipelineConfig.colorBlendInfo.attachmentCount = 0;
+            pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = depthImageFormat;
+
+            m_depthPrepassPipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+                gfxDevice,
+                vertexShader.string(),
+                "",
+                pipelineConfig
+            );
+        }
+
+        {
             PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
             Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
 
@@ -71,18 +96,50 @@ void MeshPipeline::init(
             pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {drawImageFormat};
             pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = depthImageFormat;
 
+            // depth was already written by the pre-pass, only shade the visible surface
+            pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE;
+            pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL;
+
             m_pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
                 gfxDevice,
                 vertexShader.string(),
                 fragShader.string(),
                 pipelineConfig
             );
-    } catch (...) {
+        }
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
         cleanup(gfxDevice.getDevice());
         throw;
     }
 }
 
+void MeshPipeline::drawDepthPrepass(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+    const RenderResources& resources,
+    const Camera& camera,
+    const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+    const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+    const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands)
+{
+    if (!m_depthPrepassPipeline)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    drawMeshes(
+        cmd,
+        *m_depthPrepassPipeline,
+        renderExtent,
+        resources,
+        camera,
+        sceneDataBuffer,
+        drawCommands,
+        sortedDrawCommands);
+}
+
 void MeshPipeline::draw(
     VkCommandBuffer cmd,
     VkExtent2D renderExtent,
@@ -92,13 +149,35 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
     const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
     const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands)
 {
-    if (!m_pipeline) {
+    if (!m_pipeline)
+    {
         return;
     }
 
+    drawMeshes(
+        cmd,
+        *m_pipeline,
+        renderExtent,
+        resources,
+        camera,
+        sceneDataBuffer,
+        drawCommands,
+        sortedDrawCommands);
+}
+
+void MeshPipeline::drawMeshes(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    const Pipeline& pipeline,
+    VkExtent2D renderExtent,
+    const RenderResources& resources,
+    const Camera& camera,
+    const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+    const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+    const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands)
+{
     const MeshCache& meshCache = resources.meshes();
 
-    m_pipeline->bind(cmd);
+    pipeline.bind(cmd);
 
     resources.bindBindlessDescSet(cmd, m_pipelineLayout);
 
@@ -130,8 +209,10 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
 
     const auto frustum = edge::createFrustumFromCamera(camera);
 
-    const auto drawOne = [&](const MeshDrawCommand& dc) {
-        if (!edge::isInFrustum(frustum, dc.worldBoundingSphere)) {
+    const auto drawOne = [&](const MeshDrawCommand& dc)
+    {
+        if (!edge::isInFrustum(frustum, dc.worldBoundingSphere))
+        {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -139,7 +220,18 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
 
         const auto& mesh = meshCache.getMesh(dc.meshId);
 
-        if (dc.meshId != prevMeshId) {
+        const std::string& meshKey = meshCache.getMeshKey(dc.meshId);
+        vkutil::cmdBeginLabelFormatted(
+            cmd,
+            vkutil::labelColors::draw,
+            "%s [mesh %zu, material %u%s]",
+            meshKey.empty() ? "Mesh" : meshKey.c_str(),
+            dc.meshId,
+            dc.materialId,
+            dc.skinnedMesh != nullptr ? ", skinned" : "");
+
+        if (dc.meshId != prevMeshId)
+        {
             prevMeshId = dc.meshId;
 
             vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(
@@ -173,28 +265,34 @@ void MeshPipeline::draw(
         );
 
         vkCmdDrawIndexed(cmd, mesh.numIndices, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        vkutil::cmdEndLabel(cmd);
     };
 
-    if (!sortedDrawCommands.empty()) {
-        for (std::size_t drawIndex : sortedDrawCommands) {
+    if (!sortedDrawCommands.empty())
+    {
+        for (std::size_t drawIndex : sortedDrawCommands)
+        {
             assert(drawIndex < drawCommands.size());
             drawOne(drawCommands[drawIndex]);
         }
-    } else {
-        for (const MeshDrawCommand& dc : drawCommands) {
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (const MeshDrawCommand& dc : drawCommands)
+        {
             drawOne(dc);
         }
     }
-
-    // Optional:
-    // spdlog::debug("Actual mesh draw calls: {}", actualDrawCalls);
 }
 
 void MeshPipeline::cleanup(VkDevice device)
 {
     m_pipeline.reset();
+    m_depthPrepassPipeline.reset();
 
-    if (m_pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    if (m_pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && device != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
         vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, m_pipelineLayout, nullptr);
     }
     m_pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/QuadRendererPass.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include <glm/glm.hpp>
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GPUImage.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipeline.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h>
+
+#include "volk.h"
+
+namespace {
+    constexpr std::size_t InitialQuadCapacity = 256;
+    constexpr std::size_t VerticesPerQuad = 4;
+    constexpr std::size_t IndicesPerQuad = 6;
+
+    glm::vec2 rotatePoint(const glm::vec2& point, float cosA, float sinA) {
+        return glm::vec2{
+            point.x * cosA - point.y * sinA,
+            point.x * sinA + point.y * cosA,
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources, VkFormat drawImageFormat)
+{
+    try {
+        const std::size_t vertexBytes = InitialQuadCapacity * VerticesPerQuad * sizeof(QuadVertex);
+        vertexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+            vertexBytes,
+            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+            VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), vertexBuffer.buffer, "quad vertices");
+
+        const std::size_t indexBytes = InitialQuadCapacity * IndicesPerQuad * sizeof(std::uint32_t);
+        indexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+            indexBytes,
+            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+            VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), indexBuffer.buffer, "quad indices");
+
+        quadCapacity = InitialQuadCapacity;
+
+        const auto vertexShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/quad.vert");
+        const auto fragmentShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/quad.frag");
+
+        const auto pushConstantRange = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(glm::mat4),
+        };
+
+        const auto layouts = std::array{
+            resources.getBindlessDescSetLayout()
+        };
+
+        const auto pipelineLayoutInfo = VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+            .setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(layouts.size()),
+            .pSetLayouts = layouts.data(),
+            .pushConstantRangeCount = 1,
+            .pPushConstantRanges = &pushConstantRange,
+        };
+
+        VK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(
+            gfxDevice.getDevice(),
+            &pipelineLayoutInfo,
+            nullptr,
+            &pipelineLayout));
+
+        PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+        Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+        pipelineConfig.name = "Quad Rendering Pipeline";
+        pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = pipelineLayout;
+        pipelineConfig.inputAssemblyInfo.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthWriteEnable = VK_FALSE;
+        pipelineConfig.depthStencilInfo.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
+        pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {drawImageFormat};
+        pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
+
+        pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputBindingDescription{
+                .binding = 0,
+                .stride = sizeof(QuadVertex),
+                .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX,
+            }
+        };
+        pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 0,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, position),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 1,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, uv),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 2,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, color),
+            },
+            VkVertexInputAttributeDescription{
+                .location = 3,
+                .binding = 0,
+                .format = VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT,
+                .offset = offsetof(QuadVertex, textureId),
+            },
+        };
+
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_TRUE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD;
+
+        pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+            gfxDevice,
+            vertexShader.string(),
+            fragmentShader.string(),
+            pipelineConfig);
+    } catch (...) {
+        cleanup(gfxDevice);
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::draw(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    RenderResources& resources,
+    const GPUImage& target,
+    const glm::mat4& projection)
+{
+    auto& quadManager = QuadRenderingManager::GetInstance();
+    const auto& quads = quadManager.GetQuads();
+    if (!pipeline || quads.empty()) {
+        quadManager.ClearQuads();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const std::size_t numQuads = quads.size();
+    if (numQuads > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / VerticesPerQuad) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many quads submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    const std::size_t numVertices = numQuads * VerticesPerQuad;
+    const std::size_t numIndices = numQuads * IndicesPerQuad;
+
+    if (numVertices > std::numeric_limits<std::uint32_t>::max()) {
+        throw std::overflow_error("Too many quad vertices submitted for rendering");
+    }
+
+    ensureCapacity(gfxDevice, numQuads);
+
+    const ImageID whiteTextureId = resources.getWhiteTextureID();
+
+    auto* vertexMapped = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(vertexBuffer.info.pMappedData);
+    auto* indexMapped = reinterpret_cast<std::uint8_t*>(indexBuffer.info.pMappedData);
+
+    constexpr std::array<glm::vec2, 4> localCorners = {{
+        glm::vec2{-0.5f, -0.5f},
+        glm::vec2{ 0.5f, -0.5f},
+        glm::vec2{ 0.5f,  0.5f},
+        glm::vec2{-0.5f,  0.5f},
+    }};
+
+    constexpr std::array<glm::vec2, 4> uvs = {{
+        glm::vec2{0.0f, 1.0f},
+        glm::vec2{1.0f, 1.0f},
+        glm::vec2{1.0f, 0.0f},
+        glm::vec2{0.0f, 0.0f},
+    }};
+
+    auto* vertWrite = reinterpret_cast<QuadVertex*>(vertexMapped);
+    auto* idxWrite = reinterpret_cast<std::uint32_t*>(indexMapped);
+    std::uint32_t vertexBase = 0;
+
+    for (const auto& quad : quads) {
+        const float cosA = std::cos(quad.rotation);
+        const float sinA = std::sin(quad.rotation);
+        const glm::vec2 halfSize = quad.size * 0.5f;
+        const ImageID texId = (quad.textureId == NULL_IMAGE_ID) ? whiteTextureId : quad.textureId;
+
+        for (std::size_t v = 0; v < VerticesPerQuad; ++v) {
+            glm::vec2 localPos = localCorners[v] * halfSize;
+            glm::vec2 rotatedPos = rotatePoint(localPos, cosA, sinA);
+            glm::vec2 worldPos = quad.position + rotatedPos;
+
+            vertWrite[vertexBase + v] = QuadVertex{
+                .position = worldPos,
+                .uv = uvs[v],
+                .color = quad.color,
+                .textureId = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(texId),
+            };
+        }
+
+        const std::uint32_t idxOffset = vertexBase / 4 * 6;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 0] = vertexBase + 0;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 1] = vertexBase + 1;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 2] = vertexBase + 2;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 3] = vertexBase + 0;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 4] = vertexBase + 2;
+        idxWrite[idxOffset + 5] = vertexBase + 3;
+        vertexBase += VerticesPerQuad;
+    }
+
+    auto& memMgr = gfxDevice.getMemoryManager();
+    memMgr.flushAllocation(vertexBuffer, 0, numVertices * sizeof(QuadVertex));
+    memMgr.flushAllocation(indexBuffer, 0, numIndices * sizeof(std::uint32_t));
+
+    auto renderInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
+        .renderExtent = target.getExtent2D(),
+        .colorImageView = target.imageView,
+    });
+
+    vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &renderInfo.renderingInfo);
+
+    pipeline->bind(cmd);
+    resources.bindBindlessDescSet(cmd, pipelineLayout);
+
+    const auto viewport = VkViewport{
+        .x = 0.0f,
+        .y = 0.0f,
+        .width = static_cast<float>(target.extent.width),
+        .height = static_cast<float>(target.extent.height),
+        .minDepth = 0.0f,
+        .maxDepth = 1.0f,
+    };
+    vkCmdSetViewport(cmd, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+    const auto scissor = VkRect2D{
+        .offset = {},
+        .extent = target.getExtent2D(),
+    };
+    vkCmdSetScissor(cmd, 0, 1, &scissor);
+    vkCmdSetPolygonModeEXT(cmd, VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL);
+
+    vkCmdPushConstants(
+        cmd,
+        pipelineLayout,
+        VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+        0,
+        sizeof(glm::mat4),
+        &projection);
+
+    const VkBuffer vertexBufferHandle = vertexBuffer.buffer;
+    const VkDeviceSize vertexBufferOffset = 0;
+    vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(cmd, 0, 1, &vertexBufferHandle, &vertexBufferOffset);
+
+    const VkBuffer indexBufferHandle = indexBuffer.buffer;
+    vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(cmd, indexBufferHandle, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
+
+    vkCmdDrawIndexed(cmd, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(numIndices), 1, 0, 0, 0);
+
+    vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+    quadManager.ClearQuads();
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
+{
+    pipeline.reset();
+
+    if (pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && gfxDevice.getDevice() != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(gfxDevice.getDevice(), pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    }
+    pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    if (vertexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+    }
+    if (indexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(indexBuffer);
+    }
+    quadCapacity = 0;
+}
+
+void QuadRendererPass::ensureCapacity(
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    std::size_t requiredQuads)
+{
+    if (requiredQuads <= quadCapacity) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::size_t newCapacity = std::max(quadCapacity, InitialQuadCapacity);
+    while (newCapacity < requiredQuads) {
+        if (newCapacity > std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max() / 2) {
+            newCapacity = requiredQuads;
+            break;
+        }
+        newCapacity *= 2;
+    }
+
+    gfxDevice.waitIdle();
+
+    if (vertexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(vertexBuffer);
+    }
+    vertexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+        newCapacity * VerticesPerQuad * sizeof(QuadVertex),
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+        VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), vertexBuffer.buffer, "quad vertices");
+
+    if (indexBuffer.buffer != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        gfxDevice.destroyBuffer(indexBuffer);
+    }
+    indexBuffer = gfxDevice.createBuffer(
+        newCapacity * IndicesPerQuad * sizeof(std::uint32_t),
+        VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+        VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_AUTO_PREFER_HOST);
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), indexBuffer.buffer, "quad indices");
+
+    quadCapacity = newCapacity;
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/ShadowMapPipeline.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/ShadowMapPipeline.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
+#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/GfxDevice.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Caches/MeshCache.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
+
+#include "volk.h"
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+
+void ShadowMapPipeline::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& resources)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        const auto vertexShader =
+            AssetFS::GetInstance().GetCookedPathForFile("engine://shaders/shadow.vert");
+
+        const auto bufferRange = VkPushConstantRange{
+            .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+            .offset = 0,
+            .size = sizeof(PushConstants),
+        };
+
+        const auto pushConstantRanges = std::array{bufferRange};
+
+        const auto layouts = std::array{
+            resources.getBindlessDescSetLayout()
+        };
+
+        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(layouts.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(pushConstantRanges.size());
+        pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = pushConstantRanges.data();
+
+        if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(
+                gfxDevice.getDevice(),
+                &pipelineLayoutInfo,
+                nullptr,
+                &m_pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Could not create shadow map pipeline layout");
+        }
+
+        PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
+        Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+
+        pipelineConfig.name = "Shadow Map Pipeline";
+        pipelineConfig.pipelineLayout = m_pipelineLayout;
+
+        pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {};
+        pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {};
+
+        pipelineConfig.colorAttachments = {};
+        pipelineConfig.colorBlendInfo.attachmentCount = 0;
+        pipelineConfig.depthAttachment = shadowMapFormat;
+
+        // the light projection isn't Y flipped like the camera's, so the winding is mirrored
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_NONE;
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.depthBiasEnable = VK_TRUE;
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.depthBiasConstantFactor = 0.0f;
+        pipelineConfig.rasterizationInfo.depthBiasSlopeFactor = 2.0f;
+
+        m_pipeline = std::make_unique<Pipeline>(
+            gfxDevice,
+            vertexShader.string(),
+            "",
+            pipelineConfig
+        );
+
+        const auto createInfo = vkutil::CreateImageInfo{
+            .format = shadowMapFormat,
+            .usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT,
+            .extent = VkExtent3D{SHADOW_MAP_SIZE, SHADOW_MAP_SIZE, 1},
+        };
+
+        shadowMapId = resources.createImage(gfxDevice, createInfo, "shadow map", nullptr, shadowMapId);
+        spdlog::info("Created {0}x{0} shadow map with id {1}", SHADOW_MAP_SIZE, shadowMapId);
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
+        cleanup(gfxDevice.getDevice());
+        throw;
+    }
+}
+
+void ShadowMapPipeline::cleanup(VkDevice device)
+{
+    m_pipeline.reset();
+
+    if (m_pipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE && device != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, m_pipelineLayout, nullptr);
+    }
+    m_pipelineLayout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+    shadowMapId = NULL_IMAGE_ID;
+}
+
+glm::mat4 ShadowMapPipeline::calculateLightViewProj(const glm::vec3& lightDirection, const glm::vec3& center) const
+{
+    const glm::vec3 direction = glm::normalize(lightDirection);
+    const glm::vec3 up = std::abs(direction.y) > 0.99f ? glm::vec3{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f} : glm::vec3{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f};
+
+    const glm::mat4 lightView = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3{0.0f}, direction, up);
+
+    const float texelSize = (2.0f * shadowDistance) / static_cast<float>(SHADOW_MAP_SIZE);
+    glm::vec3 lightSpaceCenter = glm::vec3(lightView * glm::vec4(center, 1.0f));
+    lightSpaceCenter.x = std::floor(lightSpaceCenter.x / texelSize) * texelSize;
+    lightSpaceCenter.y = std::floor(lightSpaceCenter.y / texelSize) * texelSize;
+
+    const glm::mat4 lightProj = glm::orthoRH_ZO(
+        lightSpaceCenter.x - shadowDistance,
+        lightSpaceCenter.x + shadowDistance,
+        lightSpaceCenter.y - shadowDistance,
+        lightSpaceCenter.y + shadowDistance,
+        -lightSpaceCenter.z - shadowDepthRange,
+        -lightSpaceCenter.z + shadowDepthRange);
+
+    return lightProj * lightView;
+}
+
+float ShadowMapPipeline::getNormalOffset() const
+{
+    const float texelSize = (2.0f * shadowDistance) / static_cast<float>(SHADOW_MAP_SIZE);
+    return texelSize * 1.5f;
+}
+
+void ShadowMapPipeline::draw(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    const RenderResources& resources,
+    const GPUBuffer& sceneDataBuffer,
+    const std::vector<MeshDrawCommand>& drawCommands,
+    const std::vector<std::size_t>& sortedDrawCommands)
+{
+    if (!m_pipeline || shadowMapId == NULL_IMAGE_ID)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& shadowMap = resources.getImage(shadowMapId);
+
+    vkutil::transitionImage(
+        cmd,
+        shadowMap.image,
+        shadowMap.layout,
+        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
+    shadowMap.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
+
+    auto renderInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
+        .renderExtent = shadowMap.getExtent2D(),
+        .depthImageView = shadowMap.imageView,
+        .depthImageClearValue = 1.f,
+    });
+    renderInfo.renderingInfo.pDepthAttachment = &renderInfo.depthAttachment;
+
+    vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &renderInfo.renderingInfo);
+
+    m_pipeline->bind(cmd);
+    resources.bindBindlessDescSet(cmd, m_pipelineLayout);
+
+    const auto viewport = VkViewport{
+        .x = 0.f,
+        .y = 0.f,
+        .width = static_cast<float>(SHADOW_MAP_SIZE),
+        .height = static_cast<float>(SHADOW_MAP_SIZE),
+        .minDepth = 0.f,
+        .maxDepth = 1.f,
+    };
+    vkCmdSetViewport(cmd, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+    const auto scissor = VkRect2D{
+        .offset = {},
+        .extent = shadowMap.getExtent2D(),
+    };
+    vkCmdSetScissor(cmd, 0, 1, &scissor);
+
+    vkCmdSetPolygonModeEXT(cmd, VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL);
+
+    const MeshCache& meshCache = resources.meshes();
+    MeshID prevMeshId = NULL_MESH_ID;
+
+    const auto drawOne = [&](const MeshDrawCommand& dc)
+    {
+        if (!dc.castShadow)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto& mesh = meshCache.getMesh(dc.meshId);
+
+        const std::string& meshKey = meshCache.getMeshKey(dc.meshId);
+        vkutil::cmdBeginLabelFormatted(
+            cmd,
+            vkutil::labelColors::draw,
+            "%s [mesh %zu, material %u%s]",
+            meshKey.empty() ? "Mesh" : meshKey.c_str(),
+            dc.meshId,
+            dc.materialId,
+            dc.skinnedMesh != nullptr ? ", skinned" : "");
+
+        if (dc.meshId != prevMeshId)
+        {
+            prevMeshId = dc.meshId;
+            vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(cmd, mesh.indexBuffer.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
+        }
+
+        const auto pushConstants = PushConstants{
+            .transform = dc.transformMatrix,
+            .sceneDataBuffer = sceneDataBuffer.address,
+            .vertexBuffer =
+                dc.skinnedMesh != nullptr
+                    ? dc.skinnedMesh->skinnedVertexBuffer.address
+                    : mesh.vertexBuffer.address,
+            .materialId = dc.materialId,
+            .padding = 0,
+        };
+
+        vkCmdPushConstants(
+            cmd,
+            m_pipelineLayout,
+            VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+            0,
+            sizeof(PushConstants),
+            &pushConstants);
+
+        vkCmdDrawIndexed(cmd, mesh.numIndices, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+
+        vkutil::cmdEndLabel(cmd);
+    };
+
+    if (!sortedDrawCommands.empty())
+    {
+        for (std::size_t drawIndex : sortedDrawCommands)
+        {
+            assert(drawIndex < drawCommands.size());
+            drawOne(drawCommands[drawIndex]);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (const MeshDrawCommand& dc : drawCommands)
+        {
+            drawOne(dc);
+        }
+    }
+
+    vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+
+    vkutil::transitionImage(
+        cmd,
+        shadowMap.image,
+        shadowMap.layout,
+        VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+    shadowMap.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/SkinningPipeline.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,9 @@ void SkinningPipeline::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice) {
             MAX_JOINT_MATRICES * sizeof(glm::mat4),
             VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_SHADER_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BIT,
             VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU);
+
+        const std::string bufferName = "joint matrices (frame " + std::to_string(i) + ")";
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, jointMatricesBuffer.buffer.buffer, bufferName.c_str());
         }
     } catch (...) {
         cleanup(gfxDevice);
@@ -84,6 +87,9 @@ void SkinningPipeline::doSkinning(VkCommandBuffer cmd,
     assert(mesh.hasSkeleton);
     assert(dc.skinnedMesh);
 
+    const std::string& meshKey = meshCache.getMeshKey(dc.meshId);
+    vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, meshKey.empty() ? "Skin Mesh" : meshKey.c_str(), vkutil::labelColors::compute);
+
     const auto cs = PushConstants{
         .jointMatricesBuffer = getCurrentFrameData(frameIndex).jointMatricesBuffer.buffer.address,
         .jointMatricesStartIndex = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(dc.jointMatricesStartIndex),

destrum/src/Graphics/Pipelines/SkyboxPipeline.cpp

@@ -119,14 +119,16 @@ void SkyboxPipeline::draw(
 
     const glm::mat3 r = glm::mat3(skyboxRotation);
 
+    // rotation only, translation in the inverse makes the sky jitter far from the origin
+    const glm::mat4 viewRotation = glm::mat4(glm::mat3(camera.GetViewMatrix()));
+
     const auto pcs = SkyboxPushConstants{
-        .invViewProj = glm::inverse(camera.GetViewProjectionMatrix()),
+        .invViewProj = glm::inverse(camera.GetProjectionMatrix() * viewRotation),
         .skyboxRot = {
             glm::vec4(r[0], 0.f),
             glm::vec4(r[1], 0.f),
             glm::vec4(r[2], 0.f)
         },
-        .cameraPos = camera.GetPosition(),
         .skyboxTextureId = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(skyboxTextureId),
     };
 

destrum/src/Graphics/RenderResources.cpp

@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ ImageID RenderResources::createImage(
 
     if (!debugName.empty()) {
         vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getVkDevice(), image.image, debugName.c_str());
+        const std::string viewName = debugName + " (view)";
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getVkDevice(), image.imageView, viewName.c_str());
         image.debugName = debugName;
     }
 
@@ -266,10 +268,13 @@ const VkDescriptorSet& RenderResources::getBindlessDescSet() const {
     return imageCache->bindlessSetManager.getDescSet();
 }
 
-void RenderResources::bindBindlessDescSet(VkCommandBuffer cmd, VkPipelineLayout layout) const {
+void RenderResources::bindBindlessDescSet(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    VkPipelineLayout layout,
+    VkPipelineBindPoint bindPoint) const {
     vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(
         cmd,
-        VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+        bindPoint,
         layout,
         0,
         1,

destrum/src/Graphics/Renderer.cpp

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Renderer.h>
 
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/LineRenderingManager.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Managers/QuadRenderingManager.h>
 #include <destrum/Graphics/Util.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <numeric>
 
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
 #include "volk.h"
 #include "destrum/Util/GameState.h"
 #include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
@@ -17,7 +21,8 @@ GameRenderer::GameRenderer()
 
 void GameRenderer::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& _resources, glm::ivec2 drawImageSize)
 {
-    try {
+    try
+    {
         resources = &_resources;
         sceneDataBuffer.init(
             gfxDevice,
@@ -36,9 +41,23 @@ void GameRenderer::init(GfxDevice& gfxDevice, RenderResources& _resources, glm::
         skinningPipeline = std::make_unique<SkinningPipeline>();
         skinningPipeline->init(gfxDevice);
 
+        lightCullingPipeline = std::make_unique<LightCullingPipeline>();
+        lightCullingPipeline->init(gfxDevice, _resources, drawImageSize);
+
+        shadowMapPipeline = std::make_unique<ShadowMapPipeline>();
+        shadowMapPipeline->init(gfxDevice, _resources);
+
+        lineRenderingPass = std::make_unique<LineRenderingPass>();
+        lineRenderingPass->init(gfxDevice, drawImageFormat);
+
+        quadRendererPass = std::make_unique<QuadRendererPass>();
+        quadRendererPass->init(gfxDevice, _resources, drawImageFormat);
+
         GameState::GetInstance().SetRenderer(this);
         initialized = true;
-    } catch (...) {
+    }
+    catch (...)
+    {
         cleanup(gfxDevice);
         throw;
     }
@@ -49,6 +68,9 @@ void GameRenderer::beginDrawing(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
     flushMaterialUpdates(gfxDevice);
     meshDrawCommands.clear();
     skinningPipeline->beginDrawing(gfxDevice.getCurrentFrameIndex());
+    lightCullingPipeline->beginDrawing(gfxDevice.getCurrentFrameIndex());
+    shadowLightDirection.reset();
+    QuadRenderingManager::GetInstance().ClearQuads();
 }
 
 void GameRenderer::endDrawing()
@@ -59,13 +81,16 @@ void GameRenderer::endDrawing()
     std::stable_sort(
         sortedMeshDrawCommands.begin(),
         sortedMeshDrawCommands.end(),
-        [this](std::size_t left, std::size_t right) {
+        [this](std::size_t left, std::size_t right)
+        {
             const auto& lhs = meshDrawCommands[left];
             const auto& rhs = meshDrawCommands[right];
-            if (lhs.meshId != rhs.meshId) {
+            if (lhs.meshId != rhs.meshId)
+            {
                 return lhs.meshId < rhs.meshId;
             }
-            if (lhs.materialId != rhs.materialId) {
+            if (lhs.materialId != rhs.materialId)
+            {
                 return lhs.materialId < rhs.materialId;
             }
             return (lhs.skinnedMesh != nullptr) < (rhs.skinnedMesh != nullptr);
@@ -76,9 +101,11 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
 {
     ZoneScopedN("GameRenderer::draw");
     TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "GameRenderer::draw");
+    vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel frameLabel(cmd, "GameRenderer::draw", vkutil::labelColors::frame);
 
     {
         TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Skinning");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Skinning", vkutil::labelColors::compute);
 
         skinningPipeline->flushCurrentFrame(
             cmd,
@@ -95,9 +122,24 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
         }
     }
 
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Lights Buffer Flush");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Lights Buffer Flush", vkutil::labelColors::transfer);
+
+        lightCullingPipeline->flushCurrentFrame(cmd, gfxDevice);
+    }
+
+    const glm::mat4 lightViewProj = shadowLightDirection
+                                        ? shadowMapPipeline->calculateLightViewProj(
+                                            *shadowLightDirection,
+                                            sceneData.camera.GetPosition())
+                                        : glm::mat4{1.0f};
+
+    // TODO: there has to be a better way to do this
     const auto gpuSceneData = GPUSceneData{
         .view = sceneData.camera.GetViewMatrix(),
         .proj = sceneData.camera.GetProjectionMatrix(),
+        .invProj = glm::inverse(sceneData.camera.GetProjectionMatrix()),
         .viewProj = sceneData.camera.GetViewProjectionMatrix(),
         .cameraPos = glm::vec4{sceneData.camera.m_position, 1.f},
         .ambientColor = {sceneData.ambientColor},
@@ -105,10 +147,20 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
         .fogColor = {sceneData.fogColor},
         .fogDensity = sceneData.fogDensity,
         .materialsBuffer = resources->materials().getMaterialDataBufferAddress(),
+        .lightsBuffer = lightCullingPipeline->getLightsBufferAddress(),
+        .tileLightIndicesBuffer = lightCullingPipeline->getTileLightIndicesBufferAddress(),
+        .numLights = lightCullingPipeline->getNumLights(),
+        .tileCountX = lightCullingPipeline->getTileCount().x,
+        .debugLightHeatmap = renderLightHeatmap ? 1u : 0u,
+        .shadowMapId = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(shadowMapPipeline->getShadowMapId()),
+        .shadowNormalOffset = shadowMapPipeline->getNormalOffset(),
+        .padding = 0,
+        .lightViewProj = lightViewProj,
     };
 
     {
         TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Material Buffer Barrier");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Material Buffer Barrier", vkutil::labelColors::transfer);
 
         vkutil::bufferHostWriteToShaderReadBarrier(
             cmd,
@@ -120,6 +172,7 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
 
     {
         TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Upload Scene Data");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Upload Scene Data", vkutil::labelColors::transfer);
 
         sceneDataBuffer.uploadNewData(
             cmd,
@@ -154,16 +207,81 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
         depthImage.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
     }
 
+    if (shadowLightDirection)
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Shadow Map");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Shadow Map", vkutil::labelColors::shadow);
+
+        shadowMapPipeline->draw(
+            cmd,
+            *resources,
+            sceneDataBuffer.getBuffer(),
+            meshDrawCommands,
+            sortedMeshDrawCommands);
+    }
+
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Depth Prepass");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Depth Prepass", vkutil::labelColors::depth);
+
+        auto depthPrepassInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
+            .renderExtent = drawImage.getExtent2D(),
+            .depthImageView = depthImage.imageView,
+            .depthImageClearValue = 1.f,
+        });
+        depthPrepassInfo.renderingInfo.pDepthAttachment = &depthPrepassInfo.depthAttachment;
+
+        vkCmdBeginRendering(cmd, &depthPrepassInfo.renderingInfo);
+
+        meshPipeline->drawDepthPrepass(
+            cmd,
+            drawImage.getExtent2D(),
+            *resources,
+            camera,
+            sceneDataBuffer.getBuffer(),
+            meshDrawCommands,
+            sortedMeshDrawCommands);
+
+        vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+    }
+
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "Light Culling");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "Light Culling", vkutil::labelColors::compute);
+
+        vkutil::transitionImage(
+            cmd,
+            depthImage.image,
+            depthImage.layout,
+            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+        depthImage.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL);
+
+        lightCullingPipeline->cullLights(
+            cmd,
+            *resources,
+            sceneDataBuffer.getBuffer(),
+            depthImageId,
+            drawImage.getExtent2D());
+
+        vkutil::transitionImage(
+            cmd,
+            depthImage.image,
+            depthImage.layout,
+            VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
+        depthImage.setLayout(VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
+    }
+
     auto renderInfo = vkutil::createRenderingInfo({
         .renderExtent = drawImage.getExtent2D(),
         .colorImageView = drawImage.imageView,
         .colorImageClearValue = glm::vec4{0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f},
         .depthImageView = depthImage.imageView,
-        .depthImageClearValue = 1.f,
     });
     renderInfo.renderingInfo.pColorAttachments = &renderInfo.colorAttachment;
     renderInfo.renderingInfo.pDepthAttachment = &renderInfo.depthAttachment;
 
+    vkutil::cmdBeginLabel(cmd, "Forward Pass", vkutil::labelColors::opaque);
+
     {
         TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "vkCmdBeginRendering");
 
@@ -172,6 +290,7 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
 
     {
         TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "MeshPipeline::draw");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "MeshPipeline::draw", vkutil::labelColors::opaque);
 
         meshPipeline->draw(
             cmd,
@@ -185,6 +304,7 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
 
     {
         TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "SkyboxPipeline::draw");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "SkyboxPipeline::draw", vkutil::labelColors::sky);
 
         skyboxPipeline->draw(cmd, *resources, camera);
     }
@@ -194,20 +314,70 @@ void GameRenderer::draw(VkCommandBuffer cmd, GfxDevice& gfxDevice, const Camera&
 
         vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
     }
-    // vkutil::cmdEndLabel(cmd);
+
+    vkutil::cmdEndLabel(cmd);
+
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "LineRenderingPass::draw");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "LineRenderingPass::draw", vkutil::labelColors::debug);
+
+        lineRenderingPass->draw(
+            cmd,
+            gfxDevice,
+            drawImage,
+            camera,
+            LineRenderingManager::GetInstance());
+    }
+
+    {
+        TracyVkZone(gfxDevice.getTracyVkCtx(), cmd, "QuadRendererPass::draw");
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "QuadRendererPass::draw", vkutil::labelColors::ui);
+
+        quadRendererPass->draw(
+            cmd,
+            gfxDevice,
+            *resources,
+            drawImage,
+            glm::ortho(0.0f,
+                       static_cast<float>(drawImage.extent.width),
+                       static_cast<float>(drawImage.extent.height),
+                       0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f));
+    }
+}
+
+void GameRenderer::drawQuads(
+    VkCommandBuffer cmd,
+    GfxDevice& gfxDevice,
+    const glm::mat4& projection)
+{
+    const auto& drawImage = resources->getImage(drawImageId);
+    quadRendererPass->draw(cmd, gfxDevice, *resources, drawImage, projection);
 }
 
 void GameRenderer::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
 {
     VkDevice device = gfxDevice.getDevice();
 
-    if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
         vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
     }
 
     if (skinningPipeline)
         skinningPipeline->cleanup(gfxDevice);
 
+    if (lineRenderingPass)
+        lineRenderingPass->cleanup(gfxDevice);
+
+    if (quadRendererPass)
+        quadRendererPass->cleanup(gfxDevice);
+
+    if (lightCullingPipeline)
+        lightCullingPipeline->cleanup(gfxDevice);
+
+    if (shadowMapPipeline)
+        shadowMapPipeline->cleanup(device);
+
     if (skyboxPipeline)
         skyboxPipeline->cleanup(device);
 
@@ -228,6 +398,11 @@ void GameRenderer::cleanup(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
     meshPipeline.reset();
     skyboxPipeline.reset();
     skinningPipeline.reset();
+    lineRenderingPass.reset();
+    quadRendererPass.reset();
+    lightCullingPipeline.reset();
+    shadowMapPipeline.reset();
+    shadowLightDirection.reset();
     pendingMaterialUploads.clear();
     meshDrawCommands.clear();
     sortedMeshDrawCommands.clear();
@@ -270,6 +445,22 @@ void GameRenderer::drawSkinnedMesh(MeshID id,
     });
 }
 
+void GameRenderer::submitLight(const Light& light)
+{
+    Light submittedLight = light;
+
+    // there's a single shadow map, the first shadow casting directional light gets it
+    submittedLight.castShadows =
+        light.castShadows && light.type == LightType::Directional && !shadowLightDirection;
+
+    if (submittedLight.castShadows)
+    {
+        shadowLightDirection = light.direction;
+    }
+
+    lightCullingPipeline->appendLight(submittedLight);
+}
+
 const GPUImage& GameRenderer::getDrawImage() const
 {
     assert(resources);
@@ -296,7 +487,8 @@ void GameRenderer::setSkyboxTexture(ImageID skyboxImageId)
 
 void GameRenderer::flushMaterialUpdates(GfxDevice& gfxDevice)
 {
-    if (!pendingMaterialUploads.empty()) {
+    if (!pendingMaterialUploads.empty())
+    {
         // Material data is currently shared by all frame contexts. Wait before
         // mutating it so an older in-flight frame cannot read the overwritten
         // range. This can later be replaced with per-frame material buffers.

destrum/src/Graphics/Resources/Cubemap.cpp

@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@ void CubeMap::RenderToCubemap(
     }
 
     gfxDevice.getImmediateExecuter().immediateSubmit([&](VkCommandBuffer cmd) {
+        vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel label(cmd, "HDRI To Cubemap", vkutil::labelColors::sky);
+
         VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER};
         barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
         barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
@@ -108,6 +110,8 @@ void CubeMap::RenderToCubemap(
         scissor.extent = {size, size};
 
         for (std::uint32_t face = 0; face < 6; ++face) {
+            vkutil::cmdBeginLabelFormatted(cmd, vkutil::labelColors::draw, "Cubemap Face %u", face);
+
             PC pc{};
             pc.viewMtx = viewMatrices[face];
             pc.projMtx = m_projection;
@@ -153,6 +157,8 @@ void CubeMap::RenderToCubemap(
             vkCmdDraw(cmd, 36, 1, 0, 0);
 
             vkCmdEndRendering(cmd);
+
+            vkutil::cmdEndLabel(cmd);
         }
 
         barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
@@ -199,6 +205,8 @@ void CubeMap::CreateCubeMap(
         .mipMap = false,
         .isCubemap = true
     });
+    cubeMapImage.debugName = "skybox cubemap";
+    vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), cubeMapImage.image, cubeMapImage.debugName.c_str());
 
     std::array<VkImageView, 6> faceViews{};
 
@@ -220,6 +228,9 @@ void CubeMap::CreateCubeMap(
                 &viewInfo,
                 nullptr,
                 &faceViews[face]));
+
+            const std::string faceViewName = "skybox cubemap face " + std::to_string(face) + " (view)";
+            vkutil::addDebugLabel(gfxDevice.getDevice(), faceViews[face], faceViewName.c_str());
         }
 
         spdlog::info("HDRI image id = {}", m_hdrImage);
@@ -305,6 +316,7 @@ void CubeMap::InitCubemapPipeline(
 
     PipelineConfigInfo pipelineConfig{};
     Pipeline::DefaultPipelineConfigInfo(pipelineConfig);
+    pipelineConfig.name = "HDRI To Cubemap Pipeline";
 
     pipelineConfig.vertexAttributeDescriptions = {};
     pipelineConfig.vertexBindingDescriptions = {};

destrum/src/Graphics/ResourcesInspector.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+#include <destrum/Graphics/ResourcesInspector.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <charconv>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <imgui.h>
+#include <vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h>
+
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Caches/ImageCache.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Caches/MaterialCache.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/Pipelines/ImguiPass.h>
+#include <destrum/Graphics/RenderResources.h>
+
+namespace
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] const char* StripPrefix(const char* name, const char* prefix)
+    {
+        const std::size_t length = std::strlen(prefix);
+        return std::strncmp(name, prefix, length) == 0 ? name + length : name;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const char* FormatName(VkFormat format)
+    {
+        return StripPrefix(string_VkFormat(format), "VK_FORMAT_");
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const char* LayoutName(VkImageLayout layout)
+    {
+        return StripPrefix(string_VkImageLayout(layout), "VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_");
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::string UsageNames(VkImageUsageFlags usage)
+    {
+        struct UsageName
+        {
+            VkImageUsageFlagBits bit;
+            const char* name;
+        };
+
+        constexpr UsageName usageNames[] = {
+            {VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT, "sampled"},
+            {VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT, "storage"},
+            {VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT, "color attachment"},
+            {VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT, "depth attachment"},
+            {VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, "transfer src"},
+            {VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT, "transfer dst"},
+        };
+
+        std::string result;
+        for (const UsageName& usageName : usageNames)
+        {
+            if ((usage & usageName.bit) == 0)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!result.empty())
+            {
+                result += ", ";
+            }
+            result += usageName.name;
+        }
+        return result.empty() ? "none" : result;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsDepthFormat(VkFormat format)
+    {
+        switch (format)
+        {
+        case VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM:
+        case VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32:
+        case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT:
+        case VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+        case VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+        case VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool ContainsCaseInsensitive(std::string_view haystack, std::string_view needle)
+    {
+        const auto it = std::search(
+            haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
+            needle.begin(), needle.end(),
+            [](char a, char b)
+            {
+                return std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(a)) == std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(b));
+            });
+        return it != haystack.end();
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const char* TextureIntentName(TextureIntent intent)
+    {
+        switch (intent)
+        {
+        case TextureIntent::ColorSrgb: return "color (sRGB)";
+        case TextureIntent::DataLinear: return "data (linear)";
+        }
+        return "unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+ResourcesInspector::PreviewInfo ResourcesInspector::getPreviewInfo(const GPUImage& image)
+{
+    if (image.image == VK_NULL_HANDLE || image.imageView == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+    {
+        return {false, "no image view"};
+    }
+    if ((image.usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT) == 0)
+    {
+        return {false, "not sampleable"};
+    }
+    if (image.isCubemap)
+    {
+        return {false, "cubemap"};
+    }
+    if (image.numLayers > 1)
+    {
+        return {false, "image array"};
+    }
+
+    if (image.getLayout() == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED)
+    {
+        return {false, "never written"};
+    }
+
+    // ImGui reads the image when the UI gets rendered at the very end of the frame. Render targets
+    // like the draw / depth image are in an attachment or transfer layout by then.
+    if (image.getLayout() != VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL)
+    {
+        return {false, "render target"};
+    }
+
+    return {true, ""};
+}
+
+void ResourcesInspector::drawImagePreview(const GPUImage& image, float maxSize, ImguiPass& imguiPass) const
+{
+    const float width = static_cast<float>(image.extent.width);
+    const float height = static_cast<float>(image.extent.height);
+    const float scale = maxSize / std::max({width, height, 1.0f});
+    const ImVec2 size{std::max(width * scale, 1.0f), std::max(height * scale, 1.0f)};
+
+    const PreviewInfo preview = getPreviewInfo(image);
+    if (preview.previewable)
+    {
+        const ImTextureID textureId = imguiPass.getFrameTexture(image.imageView);
+        if (textureId != ImTextureID{})
+        {
+            ImGui::ImageWithBg(textureId, size, ImVec2{0.0f, 0.0f}, ImVec2{1.0f, 1.0f}, ImVec4{0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f});
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // placeholder box with the reason it can't be shown
+    const ImVec2 boxSize{maxSize, std::min(maxSize, std::max(size.y, ImGui::GetTextLineHeight() * 2.0f))};
+    const ImVec2 min = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+    const ImVec2 max{min.x + boxSize.x, min.y + boxSize.y};
+
+    ImDrawList* drawList = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+    drawList->AddRectFilled(min, max, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_FrameBg));
+    drawList->AddRect(min, max, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border));
+
+    // small thumbnails just get a dash, the reason is in the tooltip
+    const char* text = ImGui::CalcTextSize(preview.reason).x <= boxSize.x - 8.0f ? preview.reason : "-";
+    const ImVec2 textSize = ImGui::CalcTextSize(text);
+    drawList->AddText(
+        ImVec2{min.x + (boxSize.x - textSize.x) * 0.5f, min.y + (boxSize.y - textSize.y) * 0.5f},
+        ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled),
+        text);
+
+    ImGui::Dummy(boxSize);
+}
+
+void ResourcesInspector::drawImageDetails(ImageID id, const RenderResources& resources) const
+{
+    const ImageCache& cache = resources.images();
+    const GPUImage& image = cache.images[id];
+
+    ImGui::Text("Image ID: %u", static_cast<unsigned>(id));
+    ImGui::TextWrapped("Name: %s", image.debugName.empty() ? "<unnamed>" : image.debugName.c_str());
+
+    if (id == resources.getWhiteTextureID())
+    {
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4{0.6f, 0.8f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, "Default white (also metallic/roughness + emissive default)");
+    }
+    if (id == resources.getErrorTextureID())
+    {
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4{1.0f, 0.4f, 0.8f, 1.0f}, "Error texture (used when a load fails)");
+    }
+    if (id == resources.getDefaultNormalTextureID())
+    {
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4{0.6f, 0.8f, 1.0f, 1.0f}, "Default normal map");
+    }
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+
+    ImGui::Text("Size: %u x %u", image.extent.width, image.extent.height);
+    ImGui::Text("Format: %s%s", FormatName(image.format), IsDepthFormat(image.format) ? " (shown as red)" : "");
+    ImGui::Text("Mips: %u   Layers: %u%s", image.mipLevels, image.numLayers, image.isCubemap ? "   cubemap" : "");
+    ImGui::Text("Layout: %s", LayoutName(image.getLayout()));
+    if (const PreviewInfo preview = getPreviewInfo(image); !preview.previewable)
+    {
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("No preview: %s", preview.reason);
+    }
+    ImGui::TextWrapped("Usage: %s", UsageNames(image.usage).c_str());
+
+    if (const auto it = cache.loadedImagesInfo.find(id); it != cache.loadedImagesInfo.end())
+    {
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("File: %s", it->second.path.generic_string().c_str());
+        ImGui::Text("Intent: %s%s", TextureIntentName(it->second.intent), it->second.mipMap ? ", mipmapped" : "");
+    }
+
+    const MaterialCache& materials = resources.materials();
+    std::vector<std::size_t> users;
+    for (std::size_t materialId = 0; materialId < materials.materials.size(); ++materialId)
+    {
+        if (materials.materials[materialId].diffuseTexture == id)
+        {
+            users.push_back(materialId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!users.empty())
+    {
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("Diffuse texture of %zu material(s):", users.size());
+
+        constexpr std::size_t maxListed = 8;
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < std::min(users.size(), maxListed); ++i)
+        {
+            const Material& material = materials.materials[users[i]];
+            ImGui::BulletText(
+                "#%zu %s",
+                users[i],
+                material.name.empty() ? "<unnamed>" : material.name.c_str());
+        }
+        if (users.size() > maxListed)
+        {
+            ImGui::TextDisabled("... and %zu more", users.size() - maxListed);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool ResourcesInspector::matchesFilter(ImageID id, const RenderResources& resources) const
+{
+    const std::string_view filterText{filter};
+    if (filterText.empty())
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // a plain number matches the image id exactly
+    unsigned filterId = 0;
+    const auto [end, error] = std::from_chars(filterText.data(), filterText.data() + filterText.size(), filterId);
+    if (error == std::errc{} && end == filterText.data() + filterText.size())
+    {
+        return filterId == id;
+    }
+
+    const ImageCache& cache = resources.images();
+    if (ContainsCaseInsensitive(cache.images[id].debugName, filterText))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (const auto it = cache.loadedImagesInfo.find(id); it != cache.loadedImagesInfo.end())
+    {
+        return ContainsCaseInsensitive(it->second.path.generic_string(), filterText);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void ResourcesInspector::drawImageCacheWindow(bool* open, const RenderResources& resources, ImguiPass& imguiPass)
+{
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("Image Cache", open))
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!resources.isInitialized())
+    {
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("Render resources aren't initialized yet");
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const ImageCache& cache = resources.images();
+
+    std::vector<ImageID> visibleIds;
+    std::size_t imageCount = 0;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < cache.images.size(); ++i)
+    {
+        const auto id = static_cast<ImageID>(i);
+        const GPUImage& image = cache.images[i];
+        if (image.image == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        ++imageCount;
+        if (!matchesFilter(id, resources))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (onlyPreviewable && !getPreviewInfo(image).previewable)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        visibleIds.push_back(id);
+    }
+
+    ImGui::Text("%zu images (bindless capacity %u)", imageCount, cache.getMaxImageCount());
+
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(220.0f);
+    ImGui::InputTextWithHint("##filter", "Filter by name, path or ID", filter, sizeof(filter));
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(140.0f);
+    ImGui::SliderFloat("Thumbnail", &thumbnailSize, 24.0f, 256.0f, "%.0f px");
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    ImGui::Checkbox("Previewable only", &onlyPreviewable);
+
+    if (selectedImageId != NULL_IMAGE_ID &&
+        (selectedImageId >= cache.images.size() || cache.images[selectedImageId].image == VK_NULL_HANDLE))
+    {
+        selectedImageId = NULL_IMAGE_ID;
+    }
+
+    if (selectedImageId != NULL_IMAGE_ID)
+    {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Selected Image", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+        {
+            drawImagePreview(cache.images[selectedImageId], 256.0f, imguiPass);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::BeginGroup();
+            drawImageDetails(selectedImageId, resources);
+            if (ImGui::SmallButton("Clear selection"))
+            {
+                selectedImageId = NULL_IMAGE_ID;
+            }
+            ImGui::EndGroup();
+        }
+    }
+
+    constexpr ImGuiTableFlags tableFlags =
+        ImGuiTableFlags_Borders |
+        ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg |
+        ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY |
+        ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable |
+        ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp;
+
+    if (ImGui::BeginTable("##images", 6, tableFlags))
+    {
+        ImGui::TableSetupScrollFreeze(0, 1);
+        ImGui::TableSetupColumn("ID", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 40.0f);
+        ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Preview", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, thumbnailSize + 4.0f);
+        ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Name", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch, 3.0f);
+        ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Size", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 90.0f);
+        ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Format", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch, 1.5f);
+        ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Layout", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch, 1.5f);
+        ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+        // only the visible rows get a texture descriptor
+        const float rowHeight = thumbnailSize + ImGui::GetStyle().CellPadding.y * 2.0f;
+        ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+        clipper.Begin(static_cast<int>(visibleIds.size()), rowHeight);
+        while (clipper.Step())
+        {
+            for (int row = clipper.DisplayStart; row < clipper.DisplayEnd; ++row)
+            {
+                const ImageID id = visibleIds[static_cast<std::size_t>(row)];
+                const GPUImage& image = cache.images[id];
+
+                ImGui::PushID(static_cast<int>(id));
+                ImGui::TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags_None, thumbnailSize);
+
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                const std::string idLabel = std::to_string(id);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(
+                        idLabel.c_str(),
+                        selectedImageId == id,
+                        ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns | ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowOverlap,
+                        ImVec2{0.0f, thumbnailSize}))
+                {
+                    selectedImageId = selectedImageId == id ? NULL_IMAGE_ID : id;
+                }
+
+                if (ImGui::BeginItemTooltip())
+                {
+                    drawImagePreview(image, 256.0f, imguiPass);
+                    drawImageDetails(id, resources);
+                    ImGui::EndTooltip();
+                }
+
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                drawImagePreview(image, thumbnailSize, imguiPass);
+
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                if (const auto it = cache.loadedImagesInfo.find(id); it != cache.loadedImagesInfo.end())
+                {
+                    // loaded images are named after their full path, the file name is enough here
+                    ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", it->second.path.filename().generic_string().c_str());
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ImGui::TextWrapped("%s", image.debugName.empty() ? "<unnamed>" : image.debugName.c_str());
+                }
+
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("%u x %u", image.extent.width, image.extent.height);
+                if (image.mipLevels > 1)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TextDisabled("%u mips", image.mipLevels);
+                }
+
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted(FormatName(image.format));
+
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted(LayoutName(image.getLayout()));
+
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndTable();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::End();
+}

destrum/src/Graphics/Swapchain.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,22 @@ void Swapchain::initSync(VkDevice device) {
     for (std::uint32_t i = 0; i < FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; ++i) {
         VK_CHECK(vkCreateFence(device, &fenceCreateInfo, nullptr, &frames[i].renderFence));
         VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreCreateInfo, nullptr, &frames[i].swapchainSemaphore));
+
+        const auto fenceName = std::format("frame {} render fence", i);
+        const auto semaphoreName = std::format("frame {} swapchain semaphore", i);
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, frames[i].renderFence, fenceName.c_str());
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, frames[i].swapchainSemaphore, semaphoreName.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+void Swapchain::nameSwapchainObjects(VkDevice device) const {
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < images.size(); ++i) {
+        const auto imageName = std::format("swapchain image {}", i);
+        const auto viewName = std::format("swapchain image {} (view)", i);
+        const auto semaphoreName = std::format("swapchain image {} render semaphore", i);
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, images[i], imageName.c_str());
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, imageViews[i], viewName.c_str());
+        vkutil::addDebugLabel(device, imageRenderSemaphores[i], semaphoreName.c_str());
     }
 }
 
@@ -85,6 +101,8 @@ void Swapchain::createSwapchain(
         VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(vkbDevice, &sci, nullptr, &sem));
     }
 
+    nameSwapchainObjects(vkbDevice);
+
     extent = m_swapchain.extent;
     dirty = false;
 }
@@ -187,6 +205,8 @@ void Swapchain::recreateSwapchain(
         VK_CHECK(vkCreateSemaphore(vkbDevice, &sci, nullptr, &sem));
     }
 
+    nameSwapchainObjects(vkbDevice);
+
     extent = m_swapchain.extent;
     dirty = false;
 }

destrum/src/Graphics/Util.cpp

@@ -188,54 +188,124 @@ void vkutil::bufferHostWriteToTransferReadBarrier(
 }
 
 
-void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkImage image, const char* label) {
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkObjectType objectType, std::uint64_t objectHandle, const char* label) {
+    if (!vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT || device == VK_NULL_HANDLE || objectHandle == 0 || label == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
         .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)image,
+        .objectType = objectType,
+        .objectHandle = objectHandle,
         .pObjectName = label,
     };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
+    vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkImage image, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(image), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkImageView imageView, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(imageView), label);
 }
 
 void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkShaderModule shaderModule, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)shaderModule,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(shaderModule), label);
 }
 
 void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkPipeline pipeline, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)pipeline,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(pipeline), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkPipelineLayout layout, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(layout), label);
 }
 
 void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkBuffer buffer, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)buffer,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(buffer), label);
 }
 
 void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkSampler sampler, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)sampler,
-        .pObjectName = label,
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(sampler), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(descriptorPool), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(descriptorSetLayout), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(descriptorSet), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool commandPool, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(commandPool), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(commandBuffer), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkFence fence, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FENCE, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(fence), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkSemaphore semaphore, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(semaphore), label);
+}
+
+void vkutil::addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkQueue queue, const char* label) {
+    addDebugLabel(device, VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUEUE, reinterpret_cast<std::uint64_t>(queue), label);
+}
+
+bool vkutil::debugLabelsEnabled() {
+    return vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT != nullptr && vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT != nullptr;
+}
+
+void vkutil::cmdBeginLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const char* label, const glm::vec4& color) {
+    if (!debugLabelsEnabled() || label == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto labelInfo = VkDebugUtilsLabelEXT{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_LABEL_EXT,
+        .pLabelName = label,
+        .color = {color.x, color.y, color.z, color.w},
     };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
+    vkCmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd, &labelInfo);
+}
+
+void vkutil::cmdEndLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd) {
+    if (!debugLabelsEnabled()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    vkCmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd);
+}
+
+void vkutil::cmdInsertLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const char* label, const glm::vec4& color) {
+    if (!vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT || label == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto labelInfo = VkDebugUtilsLabelEXT{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_LABEL_EXT,
+        .pLabelName = label,
+        .color = {color.x, color.y, color.z, color.w},
+    };
+    vkCmdInsertDebugUtilsLabelEXT(cmd, &labelInfo);
+}
+
+vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel::ScopedCmdLabel(VkCommandBuffer cmd, const char* label, const glm::vec4& color)
+    : cmd(cmd) {
+    cmdBeginLabel(cmd, label, color);
+}
+
+vkutil::ScopedCmdLabel::~ScopedCmdLabel() {
+    cmdEndLabel(cmd);
 }
 
 vkutil::RenderInfo vkutil::createRenderingInfo(const RenderingInfoParams& params) {
@@ -319,76 +389,6 @@ VkShaderModule vkutil::loadShaderModule(const std::filesystem::path& path, VkDev
     return shaderModule;
 }
 
-void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkImage image, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)image,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
-}
-
-void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkImageView imageView, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)imageView,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
-}
-
-void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkShaderModule shaderModule, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)shaderModule,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
-}
-
-void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkPipeline pipeline, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)pipeline,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
-}
-
-void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkPipelineLayout layout, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)layout,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
-}
-
-void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkBuffer buffer, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)buffer,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
-}
-
-void addDebugLabel(VkDevice device, VkSampler sampler, const char* label) {
-    const auto nameInfo = VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT{
-        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT,
-        .objectType = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER,
-        .objectHandle = (std::uint64_t)sampler,
-        .pObjectName = label,
-    };
-    if (vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT) vkSetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(device, &nameInfo);
-}
-
 vkutil::RenderInfo createRenderingInfo(const vkutil::RenderingInfoParams& params) {
     return vkutil::createRenderingInfo(params);
 }

destrum/src/Input/InputManager.cpp

@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ void InputManager::BeginFrame() {
 
     m_textInput.clear();
 
-    // Update mouse delta based on last known position
-    m_mouseDX = m_mouseX - m_prevMouseX;
-    m_mouseDY = m_mouseY - m_prevMouseY;
-    m_prevMouseX = m_mouseX;
-    m_prevMouseY = m_mouseY;
+    // Relative mouse accumulators are filled during SDL event processing
+    // and consumed by game code each frame. Reset them here (before events
+    // are processed) so this frame accumulates fresh deltas.
+    m_mouseRelDX = 0;
+    m_mouseRelDY = 0;
 
     // Clear controller "edge" sets + snapshot axes
     for (auto& [id, pad]: m_pads) {
@@ -60,6 +60,12 @@ void InputManager::BeginFrame() {
     }
 }
 
+void InputManager::SetMouseCaptured(bool captured) {
+    if (captured == m_MouseCaptured) return;
+    m_MouseCaptured = captured;
+    SDL_SetRelativeMouseMode(captured ? SDL_TRUE : SDL_FALSE);
+}
+
 void InputManager::AddController(int deviceIndex) {
     if (!SDL_IsGameController(deviceIndex)) return;
 
@@ -134,6 +140,8 @@ bool InputManager::ProcessEvent(const SDL_Event& e) {
         case SDL_MOUSEMOTION: {
             m_mouseX = e.motion.x;
             m_mouseY = e.motion.y;
+            m_mouseRelDX += e.motion.xrel;
+            m_mouseRelDY += e.motion.yrel;
         }
         break;
 

destrum/src/Physics/JoltPhysicsWorld.cpp

@@ -26,9 +26,12 @@
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <glm/gtx/norm.hpp>
 
@@ -276,6 +279,84 @@ namespace
             throw std::runtime_error("Cannot create Jolt body without a valid shape.");
         }
     }
+
+    class SensorContactListener final : public ContactListener
+    {
+    public:
+        using BodyPair = std::pair<BodyID, BodyID>;
+
+        struct PairHash {
+            std::size_t operator()(const BodyPair& p) const {
+                return std::hash<uint32_t>{}(
+                    p.first.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber() ^
+                    (p.second.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber() << 7));
+            }
+        };
+
+        struct PairData {
+            GameObject* objA{nullptr};
+            GameObject* objB{nullptr};
+            bool sensorA{false};
+            bool sensorB{false};
+        };
+
+        ValidateResult OnContactValidate(const Body&, const Body&, RVec3Arg,
+                                         const CollideShapeResult&) override
+        {
+            return ValidateResult::AcceptAllContactsForThisBodyPair;
+        }
+
+        void OnContactAdded(const Body& body1, const Body& body2,
+                            const ContactManifold&, ContactSettings& ioSettings) override
+        {
+            if (body1.IsSensor() || body2.IsSensor())
+            {
+                PairData data;
+                data.objA = reinterpret_cast<GameObject*>(body1.GetUserData());
+                data.objB = reinterpret_cast<GameObject*>(body2.GetUserData());
+                data.sensorA = body1.IsSensor();
+                data.sensorB = body2.IsSensor();
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+                m_Overlaps.insert_or_assign(MakePair(body1.GetID(), body2.GetID()), data);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void OnContactPersisted(const Body& body1, const Body& body2,
+                                const ContactManifold&, ContactSettings&) override
+        {
+        }
+
+        void OnContactRemoved(const SubShapeIDPair& subShapePair) override
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+            m_Overlaps.erase(MakePair(subShapePair.GetBody1ID(), subShapePair.GetBody2ID()));
+        }
+
+        void Clear()
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+            m_Overlaps.clear();
+        }
+
+        std::unordered_map<BodyPair, PairData, PairHash> SwapOverlaps()
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_Mutex);
+            return std::move(m_Overlaps);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        static BodyPair MakePair(BodyID a, BodyID b)
+        {
+            if (a.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber() < b.GetIndexAndSequenceNumber())
+            {
+                return {a, b};
+            }
+            return {b, a};
+        }
+
+        std::mutex m_Mutex;
+        std::unordered_map<BodyPair, PairData, PairHash> m_Overlaps;
+    };
 } // namespace
 
 class JoltPhysicsWorld::Impl
@@ -307,6 +388,7 @@ public:
             m_ObjectVsBroadPhaseLayerFilter,
             m_ObjectLayerPairFilter);
 
+        m_PhysicsSystem.SetContactListener(&m_SensorListener);
         m_PhysicsSystem.SetGravity(ToJoltVec3(settings.gravity));
     }
 
@@ -426,6 +508,15 @@ public:
             collisionSteps,
             m_TempAllocator.get(),
             m_JobSystem.get());
+
+        ProcessSensorOverlaps();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<TriggerEvent> ConsumeTriggerEvents()
+    {
+        std::vector<TriggerEvent> events;
+        m_TriggerEvents.swap(events);
+        return events;
     }
 
     void SyncKinematicBodiesToPhysics()
@@ -626,6 +717,43 @@ private:
         return {};
     }
 
+    void ProcessSensorOverlaps()
+    {
+        const auto currentOverlaps = m_SensorListener.SwapOverlaps();
+
+        for (const auto& [pair, data] : currentOverlaps)
+        {
+            if (m_PreviousSensorOverlaps.find(pair) == m_PreviousSensorOverlaps.end())
+            {
+                if (data.sensorA && data.objA)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objA, data.objB, true});
+                }
+                if (data.sensorB && data.objB)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objB, data.objA, true});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& [pair, data] : m_PreviousSensorOverlaps)
+        {
+            if (currentOverlaps.find(pair) == currentOverlaps.end())
+            {
+                if (data.sensorA && data.objA)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objA, data.objB, false});
+                }
+                if (data.sensorB && data.objB)
+                {
+                    m_TriggerEvents.push_back({data.objB, data.objA, false});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_PreviousSensorOverlaps = std::move(currentOverlaps);
+    }
+
     Settings m_Settings{};
 
     BPLayerInterfaceImpl m_BPLayerInterface{};
@@ -639,6 +767,10 @@ private:
 
     std::unordered_map<std::uint32_t, BodyRecord> m_Bodies;
     std::uint32_t m_NextHandle{0};
+
+    SensorContactListener m_SensorListener;
+    std::unordered_map<SensorContactListener::BodyPair, SensorContactListener::PairData, SensorContactListener::PairHash> m_PreviousSensorOverlaps;
+    std::vector<TriggerEvent> m_TriggerEvents;
 };
 
 JoltPhysicsWorld::JoltPhysicsWorld(const Settings& settings)
@@ -710,3 +842,8 @@ bool JoltPhysicsWorld::Raycast(const glm::vec3& origin,
 {
     return m_Impl->Raycast(origin, direction, maxDistance, hit);
 }
+
+std::vector<TriggerEvent> JoltPhysicsWorld::ConsumeTriggerEvents()
+{
+    return m_Impl->ConsumeTriggerEvents();
+}

destrum/src/Physics/PhysicsSceneBridge.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <destrum/Physics/PhysicsSceneBridge.h>
 
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <destrum/ObjectModel/Component.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
 
 PhysicsSceneBridge::PhysicsSceneBridge(std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> world)
@@ -8,14 +9,16 @@ PhysicsSceneBridge::PhysicsSceneBridge(std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> world)
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::RegisterGameObject(GameObject& object) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     if (auto* rb = object.GetComponent<Rigidbody>()) {
-        if (!rb->HasPhysicsBody() || rb->GetPhysicsWorld() != &GetWorld()) {
+        if (!rb->HasPhysicsBody() || rb->GetPhysicsWorld() != m_World.get()) {
             m_World->RegisterRigidbody(*rb);
         }
     }
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::UnregisterGameObject(GameObject& object) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     if (auto* rb = object.GetComponent<Rigidbody>()) {
         if (rb->GetPhysicsWorld() == m_World.get()) {
             m_World->UnregisterRigidbody(*rb);
@@ -24,13 +27,29 @@ void PhysicsSceneBridge::UnregisterGameObject(GameObject& object) {
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::RefreshGameObject(GameObject& object) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     if (auto* rb = object.GetComponent<Rigidbody>()) {
         m_World->RefreshRigidbody(*rb);
     }
 }
 
 void PhysicsSceneBridge::FixedUpdate(float fixedDt) {
+    if (!m_World) return;
     m_World->SyncKinematicBodiesToPhysics();
     m_World->Step(fixedDt);
+
+    for (const auto& event : m_World->ConsumeTriggerEvents()) {
+        if (event.owner == nullptr) continue;
+        for (const auto& component : event.owner->GetComponents()) {
+            if (component && !component->IsBeingDestroyed() && component->isEnabled()) {
+                if (event.entered) {
+                    component->OnTriggerEnter(event.other);
+                } else {
+                    component->OnTriggerExit(event.other);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     m_World->SyncDynamicBodiesToTransforms();
 }

destrum/src/Scene/Scene.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <destrum/Scene/Scene.h>
+#include <destrum/Components/CameraComponent.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
 #include <destrum/Util/ImGuiUtils.h>
 
@@ -23,7 +24,12 @@ namespace {
 }
 
 Scene::Scene(const std::string& name)
-    : m_name(name),
+    : Scene(name, std::make_unique<JoltPhysicsWorld>()) {
+}
+
+Scene::Scene(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<PhysicsWorld> physicsWorld)
+    : m_Physics(std::move(physicsWorld)),
+      m_name(name),
       m_id(++m_idCounter) {
 }
 
@@ -159,12 +165,42 @@ void Scene::Render(const RenderContext& ctx) {
 
 }
 
-void Scene::RenderImgui() {
+CameraComponent* Scene::GetCurrentCamera() const {
+    const auto cameras = GetCameras();
+    for (CameraComponent* camera : cameras) {
+        if (camera->GetGameObject()->GetId() == m_CurrentCameraId) {
+            return camera;
+        }
+    }
+    return cameras.empty() ? nullptr : cameras.front();
+}
+
+std::vector<CameraComponent*> Scene::GetCameras() const {
+    std::vector<CameraComponent*> cameras;
+    for (const auto& object : m_objects) {
+        if (object == nullptr || object->IsBeingDestroyed() || !object->IsActiveInHierarchy()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        CameraComponent* camera = object->GetComponent<CameraComponent>();
+        if (camera != nullptr && camera->isEnabled()) {
+            cameras.push_back(camera);
+        }
+    }
+    return cameras;
+}
+
+void Scene::SetCurrentCamera(const CameraComponent* camera) {
+    m_CurrentCameraId = camera != nullptr ? camera->GetGameObject()->GetId() : InvalidObjectId;
+}
+
+void Scene::RenderImgui(bool* open) {
     ImGuiUtils::RenderSceneInspector(
         m_name,
         m_objects,
         m_pendingAdditions,
-        m_SelectedObjectId);
+        m_SelectedObjectId,
+        [this] { return CreateGameObject("GameObject"); },
+        open);
 }
 
 void Scene::CleanupDestroyedGameObjects() {

destrum/src/Scene/SceneManager.cpp

@@ -8,50 +8,40 @@
 #include <destrum/Util/DeltaTime.h>
 
 Scene& SceneManager::GetCurrentScene() const {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) {
-        throw std::out_of_range("No scenes are available");
+    if (m_activeScenes.empty()) {
+        throw std::out_of_range("No active scenes are available");
     }
-
-    if (m_ActiveSceneIndex < 0 || m_ActiveSceneIndex >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
-        throw std::out_of_range("Active scene index is invalid");
-    }
-
-    return *m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)];
+    return *m_activeScenes.front();
 }
 
 void SceneManager::Update(float dt) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
         scene->Update(dt);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::FixedUpdate(float dt) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
         scene->FixedUpdate(dt);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::LateUpdate(float dt) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
         scene->LateUpdate(dt);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::Render(const RenderContext& ctx) {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
         scene->Render(ctx);
+    }
 }
 
-void SceneManager::RenderImgui() {
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) return;
-    (void)GetCurrentScene();
-    const auto scene = m_scenes.at(static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex));
-    scene->RenderImgui();
+void SceneManager::RenderImgui(bool* open) {
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->RenderImgui(open);
+    }
 }
 
 void SceneManager::HandleGameObjectDestroy() {
@@ -61,7 +51,7 @@ void SceneManager::HandleGameObjectDestroy() {
 }
 
 void SceneManager::DestroyGameObjects() {
-    for (const auto& scene: m_scenes) {
+    for (const auto& scene : m_scenes) {
         scene->DestroyGameObjects();
     }
 }
@@ -73,37 +63,22 @@ void SceneManager::UnloadAllScenes() {
 }
 
 void SceneManager::HandleSceneDestroy() {
-    const std::shared_ptr<Scene> activeScene =
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex >= 0 &&
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex < static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())
-            ? m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)]
-            : nullptr;
-
     for (auto it = m_scenes.begin(); it != m_scenes.end();) {
         if ((*it)->IsBeingUnloaded()) {
+            const auto activeIt = std::find(m_activeScenes.begin(), m_activeScenes.end(), *it);
+            if (activeIt != m_activeScenes.end()) {
+                m_activeScenes.erase(activeIt);
+            }
             it = m_scenes.erase(it);
         } else {
             ++it;
         }
     }
 
-    if (m_scenes.empty()) {
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex = 0;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (activeScene != nullptr) {
-        const auto activeIt = std::find(m_scenes.begin(), m_scenes.end(), activeScene);
-        if (activeIt != m_scenes.end()) {
-            m_ActiveSceneIndex = static_cast<int>(std::distance(m_scenes.begin(), activeIt));
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    m_ActiveSceneIndex = std::clamp(
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex,
-        0,
-        static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size()) - 1);
+    // Remove any stale active scenes that are no longer in the scene list.
+    std::erase_if(m_activeScenes, [this](const auto& scene) {
+        return std::find(m_scenes.begin(), m_scenes.end(), scene) == m_scenes.end();
+    });
 }
 
 void SceneManager::HandleScene() {
@@ -113,7 +88,6 @@ void SceneManager::HandleScene() {
 
 void SceneManager::Destroy() {
     if (m_scenes.empty()) {
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex = 0;
         return;
     }
 
@@ -124,25 +98,60 @@ void SceneManager::Destroy() {
 }
 
 void SceneManager::SwitchScene(int index) {
-    // InputManager::GetInstance().RemoveAllBindings();
-
     if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
         throw std::out_of_range("Scene index out of range");
     }
-    if (index == m_ActiveSceneIndex) {
-        return;
-    }
 
-    m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)]->UnloadBindings();
-    m_ActiveSceneIndex = index;
-    m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(m_ActiveSceneIndex)]->LoadBindings();
+    for (const auto& scene : m_activeScenes) {
+        scene->UnloadBindings();
+    }
+    m_activeScenes.clear();
+    m_activeScenes.push_back(m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)]);
+    m_activeScenes.back()->LoadBindings();
 }
 
-Scene &SceneManager::CreateScene(const std::string &name) {
+void SceneManager::AddActiveScene(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
+        throw std::out_of_range("Scene index out of range");
+    }
+
+    const auto& scene = m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)];
+    if (std::find(m_activeScenes.begin(), m_activeScenes.end(), scene) == m_activeScenes.end()) {
+        scene->LoadBindings();
+        m_activeScenes.push_back(scene);
+    }
+}
+
+void SceneManager::RemoveActiveScene(int index) {
+    if (index < 0 || index >= static_cast<int>(m_scenes.size())) {
+        throw std::out_of_range("Scene index out of range");
+    }
+
+    const auto& scene = m_scenes[static_cast<std::size_t>(index)];
+    const auto it = std::find(m_activeScenes.begin(), m_activeScenes.end(), scene);
+    if (it != m_activeScenes.end()) {
+        (*it)->UnloadBindings();
+        m_activeScenes.erase(it);
+    }
+}
+
+int SceneManager::GetActiveSceneId() const {
+    if (m_scenes.empty() || m_activeScenes.empty()) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    const auto it = std::find(m_scenes.begin(), m_scenes.end(), m_activeScenes.front());
+    if (it == m_scenes.end()) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return static_cast<int>(std::distance(m_scenes.begin(), it));
+}
+
+Scene& SceneManager::CreateScene(const std::string& name) {
     const auto scene = std::shared_ptr<Scene>(new Scene(name));
     m_scenes.push_back(scene);
     if (m_scenes.size() == 1) {
-        m_ActiveSceneIndex = 0;
+        m_activeScenes.push_back(scene);
     }
     return *scene;
 }

destrum/src/Serialization/SceneSerializer.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/GameObject.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/ObjectId.h>
 #include <destrum/ObjectModel/Transform.h>
+#include <destrum/Assets/AssetReference.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/Collider.h>
 #include <destrum/Components/Physics/Rigidbody.h>
+#include <destrum/FS/AssetFS.h>
 #include <destrum/Serialization/ComponentFactory.h>
 #include <destrum/Serialization/ComponentRegistry.h>
 
@@ -201,6 +203,78 @@ namespace {
 
         return true;
     }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool AssetFileExists(const std::string& path) {
+        if (path.empty()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        std::filesystem::path fullPath;
+        if (path.find("://") != std::string::npos) {
+            try {
+                fullPath = AssetFS::GetInstance().GetFullPath(path);
+            } catch (const std::exception&) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            fullPath = path;
+        }
+
+        return std::filesystem::exists(fullPath);
+    }
+
+    void ValidateAssetReferences(const json& root, const std::filesystem::path& scenePath) {
+        const auto report = [&](const std::string& objectName, const std::string& detail) {
+            std::cerr << "Scene asset warning (" << scenePath << "): " << objectName
+                      << " references \"" << detail << "\" which could not be found\n";
+        };
+
+        for (const auto& objectJson : root.at("objects")) {
+            const std::string objectName = objectJson.value("name", "GameObject");
+            if (!objectJson.contains("components")) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (const auto& componentJson : objectJson.at("components")) {
+                if (!componentJson.contains("data")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const auto& data = componentJson.at("data");
+
+                // MeshRendererComponent: meshKey / materialKey are asset cache keys.
+                for (const char* key : {"meshKey", "materialKey"}) {
+                    if (data.contains(key) && data.at(key).is_string()) {
+                        const std::string cacheKey = data.at(key).get<std::string>();
+                        if (cacheKey.empty()) continue;
+                        const auto asset = AssetReference::fromCacheKey(cacheKey);
+                        if (asset && !AssetFileExists(asset->path)) {
+                            report(objectName, cacheKey);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Generic: any nested object with a "path" field is an AssetReference.
+                std::function<void(const json&)> walk = [&](const json& node) {
+                    if (node.is_object()) {
+                        if (node.contains("path") && node.at("path").is_string()) {
+                            const std::string path = node.at("path").get<std::string>();
+                            if (!path.empty() && !AssetFileExists(path)) {
+                                report(objectName, path);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        for (auto it = node.begin(); it != node.end(); ++it) {
+                            walk(it.value());
+                        }
+                    } else if (node.is_array()) {
+                        for (const auto& element : node) {
+                            walk(element);
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+                walk(data);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 bool SceneSerializer::Save(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
@@ -223,6 +297,9 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Save(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
     root["version"] = 2;
     root["name"] = scene.GetName();
     root["objects"] = json::array();
+    if (scene.m_CurrentCameraId != InvalidObjectId) {
+        root["currentCamera"] = scene.m_CurrentCameraId;
+    }
 
     for (const auto& objectPtr : scene.GetObjects()) {
         if (!objectPtr || objectPtr->IsBeingDestroyed()) {
@@ -290,30 +367,45 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Save(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+SceneSerializer::LoadResult SceneSerializer::LoadSceneFile(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    LoadResult result;
+
+    std::ifstream file(path);
+    if (!file.is_open()) {
+        result.errorMessage = "Failed to open scene file for reading: " + path.string();
+        std::cerr << result.errorMessage << '\n';
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    try {
+        file >> result.root;
+        if (!ValidateSceneJson(result.root)) {
+            result.errorMessage = "Invalid scene data: " + path.string();
+            std::cerr << result.errorMessage << '\n';
+            return result;
+        }
+    } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
+        result.errorMessage = "Failed to parse scene file: " + std::string(exception.what());
+        std::cerr << result.errorMessage << '\n';
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    ValidateAssetReferences(result.root, path);
+    result.success = true;
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool SceneSerializer::ConstructScene(Scene& scene, LoadResult& result,
+                                     std::function<void(float)> progressCallback) {
     if (scene.IsIterating()) {
         std::cerr << "Cannot load a scene during an update or render phase: "
                   << scene.GetName() << '\n';
         return false;
     }
 
-    RegisterEngineComponents();
-
-    std::ifstream file(path);
-    if (!file.is_open()) {
-        std::cerr << "Failed to open scene file for reading: " << path << '\n';
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    json root;
-    try {
-        file >> root;
-        if (!ValidateSceneJson(root)) {
-            std::cerr << "Invalid scene data: " << path << '\n';
-            return false;
-        }
-    } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
-        std::cerr << "Failed to parse scene file: " << exception.what() << '\n';
+    if (!result.success) {
+        std::cerr << "Cannot construct scene from a failed load result: "
+                  << result.errorMessage << '\n';
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -322,9 +414,16 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    RegisterEngineComponents();
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.35f);
+
+    const json& root = result.root;
+
     // Build the replacement separately. The current scene is not touched
     // until all objects, transforms, and components have loaded successfully.
-    Scene stagingScene(scene.GetName());
+    // No physics world is created for the staging scene - physics bodies are
+    // registered directly in the live scene's world once loading succeeds.
+    Scene stagingScene(scene.GetName(), nullptr);
     std::unordered_map<ObjectId, GameObject*> idMap;
     std::vector<const json*> objectJsonList;
     std::vector<GameObject*> registeredObjects;
@@ -343,7 +442,16 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             objectJsonList.push_back(&objectJson);
         }
 
-        stagingScene.CommitPendingAdditions();
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.4f);
+
+        // Move objects from pending to objects list without physics registration
+        // (staging scene has no physics world).
+        for (auto& pending : stagingScene.m_pendingAdditions) {
+            if (pending) {
+                stagingScene.m_objects.emplace_back(std::move(pending));
+            }
+        }
+        stagingScene.m_pendingAdditions.clear();
 
         for (const json* objectJson : objectJsonList) {
             const ObjectId id = objectJson->at("id").get<ObjectId>();
@@ -392,6 +500,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             }
         }
 
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.5f);
+
         for (const json* objectJson : objectJsonList) {
             GameObject* object = idMap.at(objectJson->at("id").get<ObjectId>());
             if (!objectJson->contains("components")) {
@@ -412,6 +522,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             }
         }
 
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.6f);
+
         for (const auto& objectPtr : stagingScene.GetObjects()) {
             if (!objectPtr) {
                 continue;
@@ -424,6 +536,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
             }
         }
 
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.7f);
+
         // Register the replacement bodies in the live physics world before
         // touching the current scene. If any body fails, the old scene and
         // its physics state can remain intact.
@@ -438,6 +552,8 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
                 registeredObjects.push_back(objectPtr.get());
             }
         }
+
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.8f);
     } catch (const std::exception& exception) {
         std::cerr << "Failed to load scene: " << exception.what() << '\n';
         for (GameObject* object : registeredObjects) {
@@ -449,12 +565,16 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         return false;
     }
 
+    scene.UnloadBindings();
     scene.RemoveAll();
     scene.m_objects = std::move(stagingScene.m_objects);
     scene.m_pendingAdditions = std::move(stagingScene.m_pendingAdditions);
     if (root.contains("name")) {
         scene.m_name = root.at("name").get<std::string>();
     }
+    scene.m_CurrentCameraId = root.value("currentCamera", InvalidObjectId);
+
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.9f);
 
     for (const auto& object : scene.m_objects) {
         if (object) {
@@ -467,5 +587,27 @@ bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path) {
         }
     }
 
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(1.0f);
     return true;
 }
+
+bool SceneSerializer::Load(Scene& scene, const std::filesystem::path& path,
+                           std::function<void(float)> progressCallback) {
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.0f);
+
+    auto result = LoadSceneFile(path);
+    if (!result.success) {
+        if (progressCallback) progressCallback(1.0f);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (progressCallback) progressCallback(0.3f);
+    return ConstructScene(scene, result, std::move(progressCallback));
+}
+
+std::future<SceneSerializer::LoadResult> SceneSerializer::LoadSceneFileAsync(
+    const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+    return std::async(std::launch::async, [path]() {
+        return LoadSceneFile(path);
+    });
+}

destrum/src/Util/ImGuiUtils.cpp

@@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ namespace ImGuiUtils {
         std::string_view sceneName,
         const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<GameObject>>& objectsSource,
         const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<GameObject>>& pendingAdditions,
-        ObjectId& selectedObjectId) {
+        ObjectId& selectedObjectId,
+        const std::function<GameObject*()>& createGameObject,
+        bool* open) {
         RegisterEngineComponents();
 
         std::vector<GameObject*> objects;
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ namespace ImGuiUtils {
         }
 
         ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(640.0f, 520.0f), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
-        if (!ImGui::Begin("Inspector")) {
+        if (!ImGui::Begin("Inspector", open)) {
             ImGui::End();
             return;
         }
@@ -165,6 +167,15 @@ namespace ImGuiUtils {
         ImGui::Text("Scene: %s", displaySceneName.c_str());
         ImGui::SameLine();
         ImGui::TextDisabled("%zu GameObjects  |  %zu roots", objects.size(), roots.size());
+        if (createGameObject) {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("+ Add GameObject")) {
+                if (GameObject* created = createGameObject()) {
+                    objects.push_back(created);
+                    selectedObjectId = created->GetId();
+                }
+            }
+        }
         ImGui::Separator();
 
         const float availableWidth = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x;

destrum/third_party/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -64,8 +64,32 @@ set(ASSIMP_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(ASSIMP_INJECT_DEBUG_POSTFIX OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(ASSIMP_INSTALL OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(ASSIMP_WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+
+# assimp is unbearably slow unoptimized (a big FBX takes ~10s), so build it optimized even in Debug.
+# This only affects targets created inside the assimp directory (including its bundled zlib).
+set(DESTRUM_SAVED_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
+set(DESTRUM_SAVED_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
+if (MSVC)
+    foreach (flags_var CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG)
+        string(REPLACE "/RTC1" "" ${flags_var} "${${flags_var}}")
+        string(REPLACE "/Od" "/O2" ${flags_var} "${${flags_var}}")
+        string(REPLACE "/Ob0" "/Ob2" ${flags_var} "${${flags_var}}")
+    endforeach ()
+else ()
+    string(APPEND CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG " -O2")
+    string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG " -O2")
+endif ()
+
 add_subdirectory(assimp)
 
+# assimp's own CMakeLists appends "/Od" to the Debug flags again, target options come later and win
+if (MSVC)
+    target_compile_options(assimp PRIVATE $<$<CONFIG:Debug>:/O2>)
+endif ()
+
+set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "${DESTRUM_SAVED_C_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${DESTRUM_SAVED_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
+
 set(IMGUI_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/imgui")
 
 add_library(imgui STATIC